Aggressive Research Articles

Dopamine promotes aggression in mice via ventral tegmental area to lateral septum projections

Septal-hypothalamic neuronal activity centrally mediates aggressive behavior and dopamine system hyperactivity is associated with elevated aggression. However, the causal role of dopamine in aggression and its target circuit mechanisms are largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we studied the modulatory role of the population- and projection-specific dopamine function in a murine model of aggressive behavior. We find that terminal activity of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurons selectively projecting to the lateral septum (LS) is sufficient for promoting aggression and necessary for establishing baseline aggression. Within the LS, dopamine acts on D2-receptors to inhibit GABAergic neurons, and septal D2-signaling is necessary for VTA dopaminergic activity to promote aggression. Collectively, our data reveal a powerful modulatory influence of dopaminergic synaptic input on LS function and aggression, effectively linking the clinically pertinent hyper-dopaminergic model of aggression with the classic septal-hypothalamic aggression axis.

Peer Aggression and Sexual Harassment among Young Adolescents in a School Context: A Comparative Study between Finland and Turkey

The study investigates peer aggression and sexual harassment among young adolescents in Finland and Turkey. Sex differences and the interaction effect between country of residence and sex are also examined. A questionnaire was completed by 1,747 adolescents (1, 268 from Finland, 479 from Turkey, Mage = 14.1). Six different forms of aggression (physical, verbal, indirect, cyber, verbal sexual harassment, physical sexual harassment) were examined. More adolescents from Turkey, and more boys, were found to be involved in aggression as both victims and perpetrators compared to adolescents from Finland and girls. The interaction effect was significant between country of residence and sex with being a boy from Turkey was related to having the highest involvement in cyber aggression, verbal sexual harassment, and physical sexual harassment, as both victim and perpetrator. Regarding victimization from indirect aggression, girls from Finland scored higher than Turkish girls, while boys from Turkey scored higher than Finnish boys.

OVERCOMING OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN THROUGH FAIRY TALE THERAPY

The article provides definitions of aggression, the causes of its occurrence, as well as fairy tale therapy as a means of overcoming aggressive manifestations. A research was conducted to study the psychological characteristics of the aggressive behaviour of younger schoolchildren. The formative linear experiment was used. The method for diagnosing aggression Bass-Darky and Rosenzweig's test of measuring the aggressiveness were carried out. In the aggressive behavior of primary school children is dominated by negative and indirect aggression; verbal and physical aggression are moderately manifested; auto-aggression, insult and suspicion are weakly expressed. More than half of primary schoolchildren have a high level of aggressiveness. In the vast majority of pupils, aggressive reactions are directed to the environment, that is, the orientation of aggression is extrapunitive. In about a quarter of pupils, the orientation of aggression is impunitive, for what happened they attribute the blame to the situation. The weakest expression has the intrapunitive orientation of aggression, when the child considers himself responsible for the event. To overcome the aggressive manifestations of primary schoolchildren, a training program was used, in which therapeutic tales and training exercises were included. If before applying a training program for overcoming agressiveness, aggressive reactions of most younger schoolchildren were directed at others, and they considered others to be responsible for solving the problem, then after implementing the training program the results of the retest show that there has been a sharp increase in the rate of intrapunitive aggression. That is, children began to count, that the solution of the problem depends more on the person, and in case of failure, the person should blame not the other, but own identity. Therapeutic fairy tales are an effective way to overcome the aggressive behaviour of children in educational institutions.

Impact Analysis of the Subscale of Aggression in Depression and Anxiety, Among Adolescents Aged 16-18 Years- Case Study: High Secondary School ‘’Luciano Motroni’’ Prizren

Aggression is a phenomenon that encompasses some very significant subscales and can be manifested through aggressive behaviors, hostility to friends, anger, uncontrolled / inconsistent reactions, and verbal and indirect aggression. These factors need to be carefully considered and followed up with research in order to give young people room to improve behaviors and achieve high achievement, otherwise it can affect adolescent anxiety and depression. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of underlying aggression such as anger, hostility, verbal aggression, indirect aggression, inconsistent response to anxiety, and depression in adolescents aged 16-18. This study included three groups of students, 16 years old, 17 years old and 18 years old, with 50 adolescents in each group, so the total sample is 150 adolescents aged 16-18 years. The research belongs to the quantitative type and the case study was selected 'Luciano Motroni' High Secondary School in Prizren municipality during January 2020. Research results show that depression scales such as verbal aggression have an impact on anxiety and depression (rho = .163 *, p value = .047), anger (rho = .385 **, p value = .000), hostility (rho = .174 *, p value = .033), indirect aggression (rho = .261 **, p value = 001), and inconsistent response (rho = .170 *, p value = .037) which are statistically significant at 1 % and 5% confidence level. Compared to a research conducted in 2019, entitled '' Association between anxiety and aggression in adolescents: a cross-sectional study '' we see that aggression has a significant impact on youth anxiety. Thus, the subscales of aggression represent an important significant link in adolescent anxiety and depresion. Finally, we conclude that sub scales of aggression have a statistically significant impact on adolescent anxiety and depression among young people aged 16-18, in the municipality of Prizren. What we recommend is the training and support of young people during their secondary education journey.

Posttraumatic stress disorder and aggression among post-9/11 veterans: The role of shame

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often accompanied by elevated aggression. PTSD and combat exposure alone do not fully explain the reliable finding of heightened aggression among trauma-exposed veterans. Shame may be an important affective feature in this relationship. The present study examined the role of shame from a social hierarchy theoretical perspective in a sample of 52 combat veterans from the post-9/11 era. Correlational analyses indicated moderately strong positive relationships among PTSD, shame, and aggression. Trait shame was found to significantly mediate the relationship between total PTSD severity and physical aggression, but not other forms of aggression. For veterans within the context of a hierarchical military culture, separation from the military and PTSD diagnosis may be very salient markers of social loss and social exclusion. Aggression may operate to reduce the negative affective experience associated with shame and to regain social standing. Findings implicate shame as an important emotional component in the relationship between PTSD and aggression.

The role of inhibitory processes in the relationship between subsyndromal PTSD symptoms and aggressive behaviour

The issue of aggressive behaviours among military populations is important for a number of reasons, including the potential associated occupational, social and functional impacts. Controlled aggressive behaviour is an adaptive requirement of some military roles, however, this aggression can become maladaptive when uncontrolled, or contextually inappropriate. Elevated aggression among deployed veterans has been identified in a number of studies, although the reasons for it are not well understood. Deployed populations have elevated levels of stress and trauma exposure, have higher rates of childhood and other lifetime trauma exposures and have a heightened risk for subsyndromal or full PTSD. Both trauma exposure and PTSD have been found to be associated with executive function deficits, and increased anger and aggressive behaviours. The purpose of this paper was to explore the contribution of both early PTSD symptoms and cognitive disinhibition in predicting increased aggressive behaviour following deployment in a healthy active serving cohort. After controlling for pre-deployment PTSD symptoms and cognitive function, there were significant main effects of both PTSD symptoms and cognitive function on increased aggression at post-deployment. Furthermore, the positive association between PTSD symptoms and post-deployment aggression was moderated by response inhibition deficits in the domains of false positive errors as well as faster reaction times. Subsidiary analyses showed that the effects of increased reaction time in particular increased the likelihood of PTSD symptoms being coupled with increased aggression. These findings highlight the potential effects of repeated occupational stress exposure and point to possible cognitive adaptations and long-term risk for disorder.

Efficacy of Neuro-Psychomotor Approach in Children Affected by Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Multicenter Study in Italian Pediatric Population.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in social interaction and reciprocal communication. ASD affects about 1% of the general population and is associated with substantial disability and economic loss. A variety of approaches to improve the core deficits and lives of people with ASD have been developed, including behavioral, developmental, educational, and medical interventions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a neuro-psychomotor approach in children affected by ASD. Methods: The sample consisted of 84 children (66 males, mean age 56.9 ± 15.8 months) affected by ASD assessed between September 2020 to March 2021. The trained therapist was asked to complete the ASD behavior inventory (ASDBI) test at baseline (T0) (September 2020) and after six months (T1) (March 2021) to assess the child’s evolution over the observational period. The study was carried out in southern Italy (Campania Region). Results: ASD children showed a significant improvement for AUTISM composite after 6 months of neuro-psychomotor treatment (T1) compared to baseline (65.4 ± 12.2 vs. 75.8 ± 11.5, p < 0.0001). In particular, significant changes were observed for such domains as the problems of excitability (ECCIT), aggression (AGG), behaviors in social relations (RELSOC), expressive (all p < 0.001), sense/perceptual contact modes (SENS) (p = 0.0007), ritualisms/resistance to changes (RIT) (p = 0.0002), pragmatic/social problems (PPSOC) (p = 0.0009), specific fears (FEARS) (p = 0.01), and learning and memory (AMLR) (p = 0.0007). No differences for the domains Semantic/pragmatic problems (PPSEM) and language (LESP) were found. Conclusions: Our preliminary results suggest the usefulness of the neuro-psychomotor treatment in children with ASD. Although promising, these findings need to be tested further to better understand the long-term effects of this specific type of approach.

Подростковая агрессия, причины и факторы риска

Актуальность. Здоровье детей можно охарактеризовать как состояние жизнедеятельности, соответствующее биологическому возрасту ребенка, гармонии функционирования систем организма и его взаимоотношений с окружающей средой, единство психомоторных и интеллектуальных характеристик. С каждым годом растет число несовершеннолетних с агрессивным поведением, проявляющимся в асоциальных действиях — нарушении общественного порядка, хулиганстве, вандализме. Как серьезный фактор риска здоровья подростков рассматриваются изменения в структуре питания. Нерациональное питание с точки зрения сегодняшних реалий может быть не только фактором формирования у детей анорексии и булимии, но и благоприятной почвой для агрессивного поведения. Целью исследования был поиск взаимосвязей между агрессивным поведением подростков и возможными факторами его развития. Материалы и методы. Информативной базой для проведения исследования стала международная программа ELSPAC (European Longitudinal Study of Parenthood And Childhood — Европейское долгосрочное наблюдение за отцовством и детством), ее украинский фрагмент «Семья и дети Украины». Исследование проводилось на основе анализа базы данных для двух отдельно выделенных групп (группа подростков, которые имеют проявления агрессивного поведения; группа подростков без проявлений агрессии). Была сформирована релятивная база данных 864 подростков в возрасте 15–18 лет. Результаты. Проанализирован ряд показателей пищевого поведения и выделены факторы риска развития агрессии. Выявлены достоверно значимые показатели разницы пищевого поведения подростков агрессивной и неагрессивной групп. Так, подростки агрессивной группы, даже получив сведения о нарушении привычек питания, не шли к врачу или пренебрегали его советами. Характерным для них было неконтролируемое употребление пищи, отказ от употребления мяса птицы, рыбы, яиц, частые перекусы едой уличного приготовления, употребление энергетических напитков два или более раз в неделю. Среди вегетарианцев подавляющее большинство — это подростки агрессивной группы. Подростки неагрессивной группы достоверно чаще имели правильный режим питания — большинство из них не имели неконтролируемой тяги к пище, три раза в день употребляли горячую пищу, не отказывались от употребления мяса птицы, рыбы, яиц, никогда или редко пользовались пищей быстрого уличного приготовления, почти не посещали заведения быстрого питания.

The Indirect Effects of Anger on Relational Aggression through Anger Rumination

ABSTRACT The current study investigated the indirect effects of anger on the four forms and functions of relational aggression (i.e., proactive indirect, proactive direct, reactive indirect, reactive direct) through anger rumination in a sample of 1020 Greek adolescents (504 boys). Males used more proactive direct and indirect relational aggression, whereas girls used more anger rumination. Structural equation modeling revealed that anger rumination mediated the link between anger and all forms and functions of relational aggression. Results highlight the importance of studying the impact of cognitive and emotional manifestations on youths’ relational behavior. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Психологічний стан дітей, які перебували на карантині з приводу пандемії COVID-19

Objective: We determined the features of psychoemotional condition of the children who wereunder quarantine restrictions for COVID-19pandemic for a long time. Methods and scope of research:We carried out the assessment of the psychoemotional condition of 52 adolescents who were in quarantine forCOVID-19 pandemic. The number of girls and boys among the surveyed was the same - 26 children of each gender. A "non-existent animal" projective test was used to assess the psychoemotional sphere of the children. We appliedthe psychometric method by Ch.D. Spielberg, Yu.L. Haninto determine the reactive anxiety (RА) and personal anxiety (PA). The questionnaire by A. Bass, A. Darki was used to single out the various aspects of the symptom complex of aggression and to calculate the index of aggression (IA) and the index of hostility (IH). Sleep quality was assessed with the help of the Pittsburgh Questionnaire. Results and discussion: Assessment of the psychoemotional condition of the children, who were in quarantine for COVID-19, showed the significant violationsin the majority of them (95.15%), which were characterized by the manifestations of anxiety (78.85%), aggression (59.62%) and exhaustion (15.38%). A high level of anxiety was found to be more often in the girls (25.00%), while in the boys, it was registered almost 2 times less (11.54%), and on the contrary, a high level of aggression in the combination with anxiety orwithout itwas determined more often in the boys (26.92%) than in the girls (13.46%). The frequency of exhaustionsymptom complex did not depend on gender. A more detailed description of the level of anxiety,performed with the help of psychometric methods Ch.D. Spielberg, Yu.L. Hanin, confirmed that the high levels of both personal and reactive anxiety were more inhering in the girls. Assessment ofthe forms of aggressive behavior showed that the manifestations of physical aggression and negativism were the most typical features for the boys, while the indirect aggression, resentment and guilt were observed in the girls more often. Thehighlevels of IA werefoundtooccur almost 3 times more oftenin theboys than in thegirls, whilethehighlevel of IH wasdetected equally often both inthegirls and intheboys. In the children who were in quarantine for COVID-19, psychoemotional conditions were often accompanied by sleep disorders, at the same time,they were observed more often in the girls than in the boys.

Differential Susceptibility or Diathesis-Stress: Testing the Moderating Role of Temperament and Cortisol Levels between Fathers' Parenting and Children's Aggressive Behavior.

Aggression is a multidimensional behavior that could be caused by different biopsychosocial variables. The aim of this study was to explore whether temperament, cortisol and sex moderate the relation between fathers’ parenting style and aggressive behavior in school-aged children, and whether this corresponds to differential susceptibility or diathesis-stress. Participants were 158 children (88 boys and 70 girls) aged 8 years. Aggressive behavior was measured using the Direct and Indirect Aggression Scale and fathers informed about their child’s temperament and their own parenting style through the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire and the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (respectively). Children’s’ baseline saliva cortisol levels were analyzed through an enzyme immunoassay technique. The results revealed that high cortisol levels moderated the relation between fathers’ low levels of authoritative parenting and boys’ aggression. Moreover, high negative emotionality moderated the relation between permissive paternal parenting and girls’ aggressive behavior, with both these relations being consistent with the diathesis-stress theory.

Assessment of Corrosion and Scale forming Potential of Groundwater Resources: Case Study of Dire Dawa City, Ethiopia

Almost 100% of the water supply of Dire Dawa City is from groundwater (including boreholes, dug wells, and springs). Recently, groundwater cause corrosion and scale problems to water distribution systems due to its content of dissolved ions that can cause public health and economic issues. The present paper investigates the corrosion and scale-forming potential of the groundwater in the city and visualizes it with mapping. Spectrophotometer, EDTA/Acid titration with calculation methods were used for water quality parameters analysis. GW Chart Calibration plot applied for the Piper diagram to categorizes the water types. Langelier saturation (LSI), Ryznar (RSI), aggressive (AI), Puckorius Scale (PSI), and Larson-Skold (LRI) indices were manipulated with Excel ® and visualized their spatial distribution using ArcGIS 10®. The mean values of LSI, RSI, PSI, AI, and LRI obtained were 0.29 ± 0.28, 6.4 ± 0.5, 5.10 ± 0.48, 12.20 ± 0.24, and 1.4±1.57 respectively. LSI and RSI results indicate moderate to low scale-forming tendency of groundwater in most parts except the northeastern part with corrosive groundwater. Based on the AI value, the groundwater ranges low corrosion in almost all zones except the edge of the northeast and northwest region. PSI indicated the water tends to form salt-scale at a medium rate. The LSI results showed that chloride and sulphate are unlikely to interfere with the formation of protecting film except in northwestern and northeastern regions where localized corrosion might occur. In conclusion, in almost all distribution system of the city is affected by calcium carbonate scale formation. The groundwater in the northwest and northeast resulted in localized corrosion because of relatively high contents of chlorides and sulphates.

Influence of students ‘ role identity on learning motivation

Problem and Purpose. The article deals with the problem of the conflict in the family between spouses, which subsequently has a destructive relationship for children. Purpose ‒ to determine the joint influence of the separation of one of the parents and the child and family conflict on child maladjustment and deviation Analyzed, available in scientific research, the presence of conflicting data. So in a number of works it is argued that family conflict is a central predictor for the occurrence of deviant behavior in children. Several other studies demonstrate the effect of parent-child separation on childhood deviation. To eliminate these contradictions, a study was carried out, involving the study of the joint influence of the above factors on the deviant behavior of adolescents. As an empirical group, there were 89 children registered in connection with committed crimes (theft, fights, etc.) and their parents, who filled out a special questionnaire in the amount of 158 people. A statistically significant joint effect of two factors was found, which was differentiated (p &lt;0.05). When a child and a parent are separated, adolescents have more pronounced negativism, verbal and physical aggression, and with a high level of family conflict, adolescents are characterized by a greater tendency to violate social norms and rules, a high propensity for addictive behavior and pronounced indirect aggression. The study made it possible to draw an important conclusion that both family conflict and separation from parents predetermine the child’s behavioral and emotional problems. At the same time, parental separation does not increase the adolescent’s deviant behavior if the level of family conflict is low.

Research on the Effects of the Covid-19 Quarantine Process on the Aggression Levels of University Students

Background: Due to the Covid-19 epidemic, the closure of universities and the transition to distance education in our country as well as all over the world have made university students one of the groups most affected by this process. Aim: The aim of this research is to examine the aggression levels of university students who had to take online learning due to the Covid-19 epidemic in terms of some variables. Methods: The sample of the study consists of a total of 204 students, 130 (63.7%) male and 74 (36.3%) female, who had taken online learning during the Covid-19 epidemic period. In order to collect the data, the personal information form prepared by the researcher and the "Aggression Scale", which is the Turkish version of the scale developed by Buss and Perry in 1992 and updated by Buss and Warren in 2000, are used. In the analysis of the data, frequency and percentage values are taken to examine the personal information distribution of the participants, Skewness-Kurtosis values are examined to determine whether the data showed a normal distribution and it is determined that it shows a normal distribution. Independent Sample T test and One Way ANOVA tests are used to determine the differences between the variables. The significance level is taken as 0.05. Correlation analysis is performed to determine the direction and amount (strength) of the relationship between the sub-dimensions of the scale. Results: According to the findings, it is shown in this research that the university students had normal level of aggression tendency. When the mean scores of the physical aggression, verbal, hostility, anger, and indirect aggression sub-dimensions of the aggression scale are examined, it can be said that the mean scores of the anger sub-dimension are higher than the mean scores of the other sub-dimensions. According to the gender variable; A significant difference was found in favor of males in total aggression scores, physical-verbal aggression and anger sub-dimensions. According to the variable of the field of learning; There were significant differences in total aggression scores, physical-verbal aggression and hostility sub-dimensions. Between the aggression scale sub-dimensions, a moderate and high level of significant correlation was found at the level of 0.01. Conclusion: It has been concluded that the Covid-19 process has no effect on the aggression level of university students. It was observed that as the level of anger and physical aggression of the students who spent the quarantine period at home and received online learning increased with respect to the level of general aggression is also increased. It can be said that during the quarantine period, the fact that students take time for themselves while they are at home and stay away from environmental conditions that will increase their aggression levels causes these results. Keywords: Covid-19, University students, aggression

Preference for Religious Coping Strategies and Passive versus Active Coping Styles among Seniors Exhibiting Aggressive Behaviors

This article is theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part presents issues related to experiencing stress (including ways of coping with experienced problems) and the relationships between preference for various coping strategies and human behavior. The empirical part presents the results of research on the relationship between the frequency of seniors (n = 329) using 13 different ways to deal with experienced difficulties (including the strategy of turning to religion/religious coping) and 11 categories of aggressive behavior (retaliation tendencies, self-destructive tendencies, aggression control disorders, displaced aggression, unconscious aggressive tendencies, indirect aggression, instrumental aggression, self-hostility, physical aggression towards the environment, hostility towards the environment, and reactive aggression). The last part is devoted to a discussion on the obtained research results and the practical implications of using the strategy of turning to religion/religious coping in difficult situations as a factor protecting the elderly from aggressive behavior.

Проявление агрессивности у студентов технического университета

This article examines the current student problem of our time – ways to implement intrapersonal conflict in aggressive forms of behavior, mechanisms of manifestation, gender characteristics of aggressiveness in the student environment. The theoretical part of the research defines the main concepts and modern concepts that the authors adhere to. Practical research is based on the identification and study of groups in the University student environment that are most prone to aggression; on the selection in groups of students who are prone to various types of aggression in the form of deviant behavior.&#x0D; The main tools of the research were methods and techniques: the Express survey developed by the authors; the A. bass-A. darky aggression questionnaire (BD); methods for diagnosing the tendency to deviate behavior (SOP); observation; Spearman's rank correlation coefficient method.&#x0D; In the course of the study, the following reliable conclusions were obtained. The girls were found to have weak volitional control of the emotional sphere in the manifestation of verbal, physical, indirect aggression, as well as irritability and suspicion. In young men, weakness of volitional control is correlated with irritability, indirect aggression, negativism, and resentment. Delinquent behavior is typical only for young men. Propensity to aggression and violence in the female sample of the risk group is associated with verbal, physical and indirect aggression as a way of detente. Female aggressiveness can manifest itself in a willingness to display negative reactions and an oppositional manner in behavior. In the male sample of the "risk" group, the propensity to aggression and violence have less pronounced correlations with negativism, and the most specific way to solve the situation is physical aggression.&#x0D; The authors suggest ways to conduct psychological and pedagogical work in higher education with students who have various forms of aggression.

Joint trajectories of adolescent narcissism and self-esteem predict interpersonal features in young adulthood

The joint developmental trajectories of narcissism and self-esteem were examined across ages 13 to 19 in the prediction of interpersonal features at age 20 (indirect aggression, jealousy, hypercompetitiveness, mate value). In 617 individuals (54.5% girls/women; 76.2% White), the five expected groups of interest were found: (1) high increasing narcissism/high stable self-esteem (i.e., grandiose narcissism; 13.1%, n = 81), (2) high increasing narcissism/moderate-to-low decreasing self-esteem (i.e., vulnerable narcissism; 1.1%, n = 7), (3) low decreasing narcissism/high stable self-esteem (9.9%, n = 61), (4) low decreasing narcissism/moderate-to-low decreasing self-esteem (6.5%, n = 40), and (5) moderate stable narcissism/high stable self-esteem (35.2%, n = 217). The grandiose and vulnerable narcissism groups significantly predicted indirect aggression but differed in the other interpersonal features.

Factors prolonging the period of sobriety in young patients with alcohol use

Alcohol beverages became a regular part of the everyday life of society. This is particularly true for those in social environments when alcohol is using for socializing. Due to this fact, it is easy to fail to notice the health and social damage caused by alcohol drinking.&#x0D; In the pilot study we examined the feasibility and initial efficacy of a brief intervention on reducing risky drinking among emerging adults in Ukraine. Patients were evaluated in 3 months after the brief motivational intervention (BMI).&#x0D; We included patients who successfully completed the pilot study (all of them had an opportunity to visit our clinic after completing the study for free if necessary). We had 2 groups of participants: (1-st group - young patients of Railway Clinical Hospital, with risky drinking (AUDIT-C&gt; 5); and, 2-nd group - students of the National Medical University OO Bogomolets, with risky drinking (AUDIT-C&gt; 5). All participants were evaluated using set of tests (Structured Interview (personal data, substance use, substance use treatment history, medical history), AUDIT-C, RAPI, DMQ, Quality of Life Scale (O. Chaban, 2009), BSSS, PHQ-9, GAD-7, BPAQ-SF) in 4 years after taking part in a pilot study when they obtained BMI. We also evaluated many factors including the frequency of participants’ visits to our clinic after completing the pilot study.&#x0D; Participants from the university setting were significantly younger, and single (as opposed to married), with fewer children comparing to participants in the hospital setting. Regression analyses were conducted, separately for each setting, predicting alcohol outcomes (consumption and consequences). In both settings, the brief intervention group (BI group) showed significantly less alcohol consumption and consequences after 4 years period compare to the control group (p&lt;0.001). However university group showed more cases of sobriety disruption during this period. Among the BMI sample showed lower level of depressive and anxiety symptoms according to PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales, relative to the control group. Also, the brief intervention group showed a higher level of quality of life relative to the control group. Also the aggression level was different in BMI and control groups (control group showed higher level of aggression). However, there are some differences between patients and students samples with BMI in the results of quality of life scale. This result can be related to the quality of sobriety period in these groups and to the presence of higher level of aggression (including indirect aggression - guilty feelings, according to BPAQ-SF) in students sample.&#x0D; The data obtained indicate that BMI are promising for reducing risky drinking among emerging adults in the Ukraine in both settings (patient hospital and university).

The Impact of Childhood Bullying Trajectories on Young Adulthood Antisocial Trajectories.

Long-term outcomes of childhood bullying perpetration have been explored, but heterogeneity in outcomes reflecting nonclinical antisocial tendencies including indirect aggression, psychopathic personality, and interpersonal relations have not been examined from a person-centered approach. Accordingly, latent class growth analyses were used to examine trajectory groups of childhood bullying perpetration across ages 10 to 18 and multi-trajectory groups of young adulthood outcomes across ages 19 to 23 (indirect aggression, psychopathic personality, interpersonal relations). In a sample of 701 participants (52.9% girls/women) followed annually, the majority of individuals reflected a low stable trajectory of bullying (81.2%) and fewer reflected moderate increasing bullying (18.8%). In young adulthood, the majority of participants reflected a prosocial multi-trajectory profile (61.6%; below average decreasing indirect aggression, below average decreasing psychopathy, above average stable interpersonal relations). Fewer participants reflected a below average antisocial profile (21.6%; below average decreasing indirect aggression, below average stable psychopathy, below average stable interpersonal relations) or an above average antisocial profile (16.8%; above average decreasing indirect aggression, above average decreasing psychopathy, below average stable interpersonal relations). Individuals following the moderate bullying trajectory in childhood had a significantly higher odds of following the above average antisocial profile but not the prosocial profile in young adulthood, when contrasted against the below average antisocial profile. These findings indicate that the prevention of childhood bullying can help prevent the continuity of an antisocial profile in young adulthood that is characterized by continued aggressive behavior, higher psychopathy, and poorer quality relationships.

Impacts of universal childcare on early behavioral development: evidence from a birth cohort in Québec, Canada

To examine associations between universal pre-school childcare use and later behaviors among children at age 6 years. Using annual follow-up data of a birth cohort (N=1450), we estimated differences in behavioral scores by primary childcare arrangement between ages 2-5 years - universal subsidized childcare program (CPE care), non-CPE childcare, and parental or family care (no regular care) - using propensity score inverse probability weights. Teachers reported slightly higher levels of hyperactivity (0.73, 95% CI: 0.32, 1.1) and indirect aggression (0.58, 95%CI: 0.24, 0.91) among children who attended a CPE than children in non-CPE care. However, these patterns were not observed from either maternal or paternal reports. Similarly, teachers' assessments of slightly higher physical aggression (0.50, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.88) and opposition (0.63, 95% CI: 0.21, 1.05) scores among children in CPE care than children who did not have a regular childcare were not observed in parental assessments. Behavioral scores by childcare arrangement were similar between girls and boys and across family socioeconomic position. Universal pre-school childcare does not appear to have substantial impacts on child behaviors at early school age, however teachers rated externalizing behaviors to be slightly higher among children who attended universal childcare.