Behavior Aggression Research Articles

Pathways to Kindergarten: A Latent Class Analysis of Children’s Time in Early Education and Care

ABSTRACT Research Findings Using a sample of 568 students from 61 kindergarten classrooms whose primary caregivers completed a questionnaire describing their child’s early childhood education and care (ECEC) by year from birth to pre-kindergarten, we identified seven pathways characterizing children’s ECEC experiences using a latent class analysis. Once identified, profile membership was included as an independent variable in a multilevel model to predict children’s cognitive and social-behavioral outcomes at kindergarten entry. Although a considerable body of work has examined dosage of time in (ECEC) and its associations with children’s skills in later grades, we extend this work by expanding the definition of dosage to include multiple care arrangements from birth to kindergarten entry and by examining if profiles of ECEC participation have associations with kindergarten-entry skills. Our findings show membership in profiles in which children spent consistent time in center-based care from birth to five were associated with adverse social-behavioral outcomes including behavioral aggression, school adjustment, peer social skills, and self-efficacy. Practice or Policy: Our findings suggest the importance of considering more nuanced differences in children’s experiences with ECEC and the need for possible interventions to support the social-behavioral development of children with exposure to 5 years of center-based care.

Pain‐induced aggression and changes in social behavior in mice

The effects of neuropathic, formalin, and acetic acid-induced visceral pain were investigated on the social and aggressive behaviors in the Swiss male mice. Neuropathic pain was induced by tibial nerve transection (TNT). Also, somatic and visceral pain was conducted by intraplantar injection of diluted formalin (1%, 20 μl) and intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid (0.6%, 200 μl), respectively. Fourteen and twenty one days after the TNT surgery, and also, 1 and 7 days following formalin and acetic acid administration, the three-chambered test was used to determine sociability and preference for social novelty and resident/intruder test was used for the evaluation of the aggressive behaviors. In the sociability phase of the three-chambered test, all the three models of pain did not change the animal's sociability. However, in the social novelty preference phase, the animals in pain showed deficits in social novelty preference by a significant increase in the time spent with the familiar mice compared to the control groups. Also, animals in pain significantly showed more aggressive behaviors like biting and clinching and have much less attack latency in comparison to the control groups. Pain-induced changes in the social novelty preference and aggressive behaviors continued in the neuropathic group until the end of the experiment. However, 7 days following the induction of both formalin and visceral pain, animals' social memory, and aggression almost returned to the standard value. These results suggest that long-lasting pain could lead to social memory impairment and increase aggressive behaviors in mice.

Establishing a web-based measurement of aggression (WTCRTT): Examining the validity of a modified Taylor’s competitive reaction time test

The current study attempted to develop a web-based state aggression measurement program (WTCRTT) and examine its applicability in terms of validity and reliability by conducting laboratory experiments. A repeated experimental design was employed, where subjects were exposed to both violent and non-violent media content. A physiological measure was also included to test the internal validity of media stimulation. The results showed the WTCRTT is a valid measure of behavioral aggression as the hypotheses on construct validity and internal validity were supported. For instance, the WTRCTT after exposure to violent media was positively correlated to anger, physical aggression, and total trait aggression scores. The WCRTT that was developed and tested in this study can be used not only by the scholars interested in aggression research with no cost and but also by the parents who want to monitor their children’s state (i.e., behavioral) aggression.

THE IMPACT OF SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT PRESSURES ON AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR DIRECTED TOWARDS OTHERS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREEN

The study aimed to identify the relationship between environmental pressures and aggressive behavior in children of primary schools, and to identify the relationship between the environment of the house and the school and the family environment and the emergence of aggressive behavior in children. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a 100-sample sample was distributed to the primary schools in Cairo Governorate. The sample was selected equally between the East Cairo Department, the West Cairo Department, the North Cairo Department, and the South Cairo Administration. As for methodological procedures, the researchers used Behavioral Theory the descriptive approach was used using the social survey method. The results of the study found that the higher the percentage of environmental pressures on children, the higher the aggressive behavior of primary school children. The environmental pressures were divided into the pressures of the school environment, the pressures of the housing environment, social pressures and economic pressures. Yes, (26%) to a certain extent, (23%) no, which means that a high proportion of primary school children suffer from the pressures of the school environment. Aggressive behavior directed at others to the total sample is relatively significant (49%). Yes, (13%) to a certain extent (38%), This means that the proportion of aggressive behavior directed at others in primary school children is high and that there is a direct correlation between environmental pressures and behavior Aggression whenever the percentage of environmental pressure with the percentage of aggressive behavior in children of primary schools. The study recommends programs to modify behavior and overcome aggression in children periodically in primary schools, Organizing seminars for parents to identify the causes of aggressive behavior and its association with environmental pressures and how to overcome it, allocate different sports activities and activate the share of sports activity for children in primary schools, and also recommend planting and planting flowers around the schools to increase the percentage of oxygen and absorption of negative energy in children, and also activating the role of psychologist Within the primary schools in order to overcome the aggressive behavior of children and follow up their behavior and modification.

Longitudinal changes in DLPFC activation during childhood are related to decreased aggression following social rejection

Regulating aggression after social feedback is an important prerequisite for developing and maintaining social relations, especially in the current times with larger emphasis on online social evaluation. Studies in adults highlighted the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in regulating aggression. Little is known about the development of aggression regulation following social feedback during childhood, while this is an important period for both brain maturation and social relations. The current study used a longitudinal design, with 456 twins undergoing two functional MRI sessions across the transition from middle (7 to 9 y) to late (9 to 11 y) childhood. Aggression regulation was studied using the Social Network Aggression Task. Behavioral aggression after social evaluation decreased over time, whereas activation in the insula, dorsomedial PFC and DLPFC increased over time. Brain-behavior analyses showed that increased DLPFC activation after negative feedback was associated with decreased aggression. Change analyses further revealed that children with larger increases in DLPFC activity from middle to late childhood showed stronger decreases in aggression over time. These findings provide insights into the development of social evaluation sensitivity and aggression control in childhood.

Abstract OT3-02-01: Accuracy of split dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in locally advanced breast cancer during neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy

Abstract Background: Neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy is an efficient treatment option in highly selected postmenopausal patients with strongly hormone receptor positive locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) to obtain a tumor downstaging prior to breast surgery with acceptable response rates when standard chemotherapy is not indicated. The tumor response evaluation during therapy is of crucial importance but often-suboptimal using standard procedures. Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently the most sensitive of the available imaging modalities in detection and characterization of a breast tumor before and during neoadjuvant therapy. The sub-study presented here was designed to test a novel technique called split dynamic MRI in which a high temporal resolution multi-echo sequence is interleaved with a standard dynamic high spatial resolution sequence during a single bolus injection. This method has an advantage over the current dynamic MRI, as it provides extensive information about both structural and functional assessment of the tumor through quantitative evaluation of both T1- and T2 *- weighted characteristics. Trial Design: NEO-LET-EXE is a neoadjuvant, randomized, open-label, intra-patient cross-over trial. Eligibility criteria: Postmenopausal patients diagnosed with estrogen receptor (ER) positive (≥10%) breast cancer and HER-2 negative LABC not suitable for neoadjuvant chemotherapy are eligible for the study. Specific aims: A 1.5T scanner is used to obtain and investigate the clinical utility and diagnostic accuracy of T1_T2 multi-echo EPI and dynamic THRIVE sequences during a single injection of contrast agent at baseline and following AI therapy with either letrozole or exemestane for at least two months followed by the alternative drug for another two months. The study clarifies the feasibility of split dynamic MRI method as a tool for predict treatment response, analyse biological behaviour and tumor aggressiveness. In addition, our findings will allow quantitative comparisons of the intra-tumor effects of aromatase inhibitors with clinical breast evaluations for prediction of postoperative pathologic complete response. Statistical methods: Quantitative analysis will be performed with pharmacokinetic modelling on T1-weighted images and estimation of maximum peak change in R2* images using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Two radiologists are interpreting high spatial resolution data. Mann-Whitney tests will be used to determine the parameters ability for establishing and characterization of the tumor. Present accrual and target accrual: The study has currently enrolled 55 patients (of planned 100) at the Akershus University Hospital, Norway. Accrual is planned to be completed within the next 2 years. Our early experience with the applied technology will be presented and discussed. Citation Format: Joana Reis. Accuracy of split dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in locally advanced breast cancer during neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT3-02-01.

Disentangling resource acquisition from interspecific behavioral aggression to understand the ecological dominance of a common, widespread temperate forest ant

Ant communities are structured, in part, by competition between related and unrelated ant species for territories and food resources. In eastern deciduous forests of the United States, a single ant genus (Aphaenogaster) appears ecologically dominant with high abundance and opportunistic foraging. However, Aphaenogaster ants are not particularly behaviorally aggressive toward co-occurring ants, making it unclear as to how they might sustain dominance. We offered myrmecochorous seeds and termite carrion at bait stations and quantified ant aggression, food selection and recruitment. We conducted the experiments throughout the natural seed-release window to determine how the abundance of low- and high-quality food items impacted behavior. We found evidence that Aphaenogaster ants dominate the retrieval of both seeds and insect carrion (dead termites). Aphaenogaster foraging dominance did not appear driven by superior fighting or recruitment abilities but simply by having more foragers on the ground, essentially achieving control of different types of food resources through numerical dominance. Moreover, though they are the dominant effective seed dispersers in the system, A. picea exhibited a much greater affinity for termites than seeds, and the desirability of termites decreased in the presence of seeds. Overall, our results suggest that high numbers of foragers—as opposed to aggressive territoriality—can be an effective ecological strategy for sustaining ecological dominance through resource acquisition.

Soccer spectators’ moral functioning and aggressive tendencies in life and when watching soccer matches

ABSTRACT We examined the relationship among watching soccer matches, moral functioning and aggression levels in 332 college students. Hypothesis-driven regression analyses revealed that the frequency of watching soccer matches was positively associated with low levels of moral behavior and high aggression levels. A mediation analysis also showed that moral behavior mediated the relationship between the frequency of watching soccer matches and aggression levels. Males manifested lower levels of moral functioning and higher hostility, physical and verbal aggression than females when watching a soccer match. Moreover, only males reported more verbal aggression and anger when watching soccer matches as compared to their general aggression levels.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ АГРЕССИВНОГО КОМПОНЕНТА ВО ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИИ ПОДРОСТКОВ

Known, aggression, of course, is often present in the communication of adolescents. The aggression, as a term, includes not only verbal and physical aggression, but also using the friendship influence a third person. There is the concept of reputational aggression, which involves spreading rumors about another person in order to damage his or her reputation. Typically, adolescents first apply reputational aggression, and then aggression by attitude to show their strength and emphasize the confidence of their status. Aggressive behavior as a whole has been widely studied in different psychological schools. In this case, a behavioral approach is used in which aggression is a consequence of personality frustration. Moreover, aggression can be direct, indirect, directed at another person or at himself. Frustration and aggression can occur in a situation of social comparison, which is typical in adolescence. However, it is necessary to take into account the orientation of aggression, its destructive properties for the individual and others, as well as the consequences that it may entail. And since a person is still in the process of becoming a teenager, there is hope and the opportunity to learn how to manage his emotions and constructively work out aggressive intentions. In the article, considers various psychological approaches specificated at adolescence. And all the psychologists agree that adolescence cannot be provided without aggression in communication and behavior. In this connection, the article raises the question of the findings and orientation of aggression in adolescents. Also analyzes the interpersonal communication in adolescence. In this case, we used to analyze specificity of teenage behavior in frustration situations and how they can observe their potential emotions in different context. And studying of the specifics of interpersonal interaction of adolescents. Features of interpersonal interaction of adolescents are considered from the point of view of Rosenzweig’s S. frustration theory and the main three types of personality orientation identified by him (extrapunitive, impusive, intropunitive). The presence and specifics of the manifestation of aggression in adolescents are analyzed using projective methods: Murray R. apperceptive test, Wagner’s E. Hand Test. An analysis of the relationship of a teenager in different social groups was also carried out using the Sacks-Levy projective method Sentence completion test SSCT. Based on the receiving data, the specific features of the manifestation of an aggressive orientation for three types of personality orientation are identified with the help of combination of all receiving data. Provided conclusion gives not only understanding of the analyzed data, but contain some ideas for the future investigations.

Review Study-Gene Influence on Hazardous Criminal Behaviors

Increased criminality over the globe has led researchers to focus on the various happenings of criminal behavior. The scientific rationale for reduced control of inhibiting antisocial impulses and aggressive behavior, that goes with a variant of the relevant gene such as MAO-A is underactive prefrontal cortex area of the brain. The current study explores past reviews regarding gene expression in criminal behavior. The purpose of this study is to develop an awareness of gene expression in criminal behavior. A literature review conducted using electronic databases for this study, reviewing 30 articles from the year 1970 to 2018. The articles reviewed focused on genetic variation in human aggression, MAOA genotype, and aggression, MAOA promoter activity, a gene (MAOA) predicting behavioral aggression. The study concludes that although MAOA is a promoter of various activity variations, in MAOA can lead to hazardous criminal behaviour. The depth of understanding in this area would bring insights into professionals to rehabilitate criminals on a humanitarian base. The current study suggests there are limited studies in this area, especially in developing countries, thus the government and non-governmental agencies should encourage more researches in this area, which would bring more insight into this area.

Social and Psychological Features of Crime Groupings

The article reveals the potential of implementation of different theories in the process of creation of the complex methodology of the research of social and pedagogical features of the members of teenager-youth street crime groupings (gangs). The author creates the design of indicative model allowing to notice the condition of social and adaptive potential of the personality of teenage youth: motivation for behavior and actions, reflexive abilities, value- meaning sphere and the level of the behaviour aggression. The author concludes that there is a necessity to determine subjective potential of the teenage youth personality, who are the members of gangs for designing the system of preventive measures against involvement them in the gangs and further successful social adaptation and socialization after quitting the gang. The author concludes that the obtained data can be the basis for the development of preventive measures in the process of working with the teenagers from the risk group.

Relationship between behavior aggressiveness and pedestrian dynamics using behavior-based cellular automata model

Crowds in public spaces such as subway station are generally composed by diverse types of pedestrians with various motion features and behavior preferences. This paper aims to propose a behavior-based cellular automata model that can express the heterogeneous structure of crowds and explore the influence of different crowd composition on pedestrian dynamics, especially evacuation efficiency. The degree of aggressiveness is first introduced into cellular automata model as the internal state, which affects the motion characteristics and behavior preference of pedestrians. It is closely related to the motion characteristics including free walk velocity, target cells selection and conflict resolution mechanism. In addition, it determines the balance selection between keeping shorter paths and avoiding congestion. Simulation experiments of unidirectional pedestrian flow is conducted in the corridor with single exit. Simulation results indicate that a higher shortest path tendency leads to more time spent on blocking, and a higher detours tendency will cause longer detours time. A good balance between the two tendencies can make the individual's evacuation more efficient. A higher proportion of aggressive people and moderate degree of aggressiveness results in a higher average evacuation efficiency. In the crowd, the evacuation of conservative groups (i.e. pedestrians with zero aggressiveness) will be the most advantageous when the proportion of aggressive groups and degree of aggressiveness are moderate. For aggressive groups (i.e. pedestrians with the degree of aggressiveness greater than zero), evacuation efficiency will be the highest when the proportion of aggressive groups is moderate and the degree of aggressiveness is high. The proposed model provides a new perspective for the evaluation and analysis of heterogeneous pedestrian flow.

Self-harm behaviour and externally-directed aggression in psychiatric outpatients: a multicentre, prospective study (viormed-2 study)

The aim of the project was to investigate differences between outpatients with Severe Mental Disorders (SMDs) with and without a history of Self-Harm behaviour (SHb) and/or Violent behaviour against other people (Vb) in relation to: (a) socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, (b) violent behaviour during a 1-year FU, (c) predictors of SHb and Vb during the FU. Outpatients with SMDs, with and without a history of Vb were enrolled. They were divided in four groups: patients with lifetime Vb (V), patients with both Vb and SHb (V-SH), patients with only SHb (SH) and patients with no history of SHb and Vb (control group, CONT). The frequency and severity of SHb and Vb during the FU were assessed every two weeks by the MOAS. Overall 246 patients were enrolled. BPRS-E Depression item, the SLOF Social acceptability, the BDHI Indirect Aggression, the BIS Motor Impulsiveness and the STAXI-2 Control-Out showed significant correlations with all the four groups (p < 0.030). V and V-SH patient groups reached higher scores in all MOAS sub-scales. Age among the SH group and BPRS-E affect-anxiety subscale among the V group significantly predicted aggression against people. In people with SMDs a history of SHb or Vb is associated with different medium-term outcomes.

Lenalidomide Maintenance Prolongs Progression-Free Survival and Does Not Impact the Aggressiveness of Clinical Relapse: Data from Long-Term Follow up of the Myeloma XI Trial

Lenalidomide Maintenance Prolongs Progression-Free Survival and Does Not Impact the Aggressiveness of Clinical Relapse: Data from Long-Term Follow up of the Myeloma XI Trial

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЛЮБОВНИХ ТА МІЖОСОБИСТІСНИХ ВІДНОСИН У ЖІНОК ТА ЧОЛОВІКІВ В ПОЛІАМОРНИХ СТОСУНКАХ

Purpose of the article is to study the structural features of interpersonal and love relationships of women and men in polyamorous families. To achieve this purpose we used the following methods: semantic differential, test for the detection of love addiction A. Egorov; test for interpersonal dependence (love, from a partner in child-parent relations). R. Hirschfield’s technique, adaptation by O.P. Makushin; diagnostics of interpersonal relations T. Leary; diagnostics of interpersonal relations A.A. Rukavishnikov. Methods of mathematical and statistical data processing: Fisher angular transformation criterion and factor analysis. Polyamor differs from our usual model of mono-romantic love only in the number of partners. The study found that polyamoric families had higher rates of dependency during long-term relationships; had lower rates of aggression in behavior towards partners but a more pronounced need for control. They also had a higher level of satisfaction in family relationships, a slightly higher level of trust and respect for a partner. They had an average level of satisfaction with family relationships, openness, perception of responsibilities in everyday life. They also had a greater propensity for love addiction and a moderate level of selfdoubt, a desire for autonomy and a high level of dependence. They are characterized by a high level of benevolent style, an average level of authoritarian, suspicious, subordinate, dependent and altruistic styles; low level of aggressive interpersonal style. Conclusions: Polyamors have a fairly high level of need. They are more jealous, but also feel more comfortable on the other hand, due to a certain balance of respect and trust that inevitably builds up during long-term relationships of this type. They feel the greater need to be constantly with all partners, because they have a hidden fear of losing the respect and trust they have gained, so they try to support it. They are less aggressive towards their partners, show middle-class authoritarianism, and are very supportive, as they develop openness to several people at the same time and try to learn to adjust and coordinate with them.

Distinct associations between fronto-striatal glutamate concentrations and callous-unemotional traits and proactive aggression in disruptive behavior

Disruptive behavior is associated with societally and personally problematic levels of aggression and has been linked to abnormal structure and function of fronto-amygdala-striatal regions. Abnormal glutamatergic signalling within this network may play a role in aggression. However, disruptive behavior does not represent a homogeneous construct, but can be fractionated across several dimensions. Of particular interest, callous-unemotional (CU) traits have been shown to modulate the severity, neural and behavioural characterisation, and therapeutic outcomes of disruptive behaviour disorders (DBDs) and aggression. Further, individuals showing disruptive behavior differ to the extent that they engage in subtypes of aggression (i.e., proactive [PA] and reactive aggression [RA]) which may also represent distinct therapeutic targets. Here we investigated how glutamate signalling within the fronto-amygdala-striatal circuitry was altered along these dimensions in youths showing disruptive behavior (n = 140) and typically developing controls (TD, n = 93) within the age-range of 8–18 years. We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), striatum, amygdala and insula and associated glutamate concentrations with continuous measures of aggression and CU-traits using linear mixed-effects models. We found evidence of a dissociation for the different measures and glutamate concentrations. CU traits were associated with increased ACC glutamate (‘callousness’: b = .19, t (108) = 2.63, p = .01, r = .25; ‘uncaring’: b = .18, t (108) = 2.59, p = .011, r = .24) while PA was associated with decreased striatal glutamate concentration (b = −.23, t (28) = -3.02, p = .005, r = .50). These findings suggest dissociable correlates of CU traits and PA in DBDs, and indicate that the ACC and striatal glutamate may represent novel pharmacological targets in treating these different aspects.

Neurochemical and behavioral analysis by acute exposure to bisphenol A in zebrafish larvae model

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical monomer widely used in the production of hard plastics for food containers and personal items. Through improper industrial control and disposal, BPA has become a pervasive environmental contaminant, and toxicological studies have shown potent xenobiotic endocrine disruptor activity. Prenatal exposure in particular can lead to infertility and nervous system disorders characterized by behavioral aggression, depression, and cognitive impairment, thus necessitating careful hazard assessment.In this study, we evaluated BPA accumulation rate, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, lethality, cardiotoxicity, behavioral effects, and impacts on multiple neurochemical pathways in zebrafish larvae. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) ranged from 1.95 to 10.0, resulting in a high rate of accumulation in the larval body. Also, high BBB permeability allowed BPA to accumulate at similar rates in both zebrafish and adult mouse (blood to brain concentration ratios of 3.2–6.7 and 1.8 to 5.5, respectively). In addition, BPA-exposed zebrafish larvae exhibited developmental deformities, reduced heart rate, and impaired behavioral patterns, including decreased total distance traveled, slower movement velocity, and altered color-preference. These impairments were associated with inhibition of the phenylalanine to dopamine synthesis pathway and an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems. Our results suggest that behavioral alteration in BPA-exposed zebrafish result from high accumulation and ensuing dysregulation of serotonergic, kynurenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic neurotransmitter systems. In conclusion, similarities in toxic responses to mammalian models highlight the utility of the zebrafish larva as a convenient model for screening environmental toxins.

Topic Analysis of UK Fitness to Practise Cases: What Lessons Can Be Learnt?

Background: Fitness to practise (FtP) impairment (failure of a healthcare professional to demonstrate skills, knowledge, character and/or health required for their job) can compromise patient safety, the profession’s reputation, and an individual’s career. In the United Kingdom (UK), various healthcare professionals’ FtP cases (documents about the panel hearing(s) and outcome(s) relating to the alleged FtP impairment) are publicly available, yet reviewing these to learn lessons may be time-consuming given the number of cases across the professions and amount of text in each. We aimed to demonstrate how machine learning facilitated the examination of such cases (at uni- and multi-professional level), involving UK dental, medical, nursing and pharmacy professionals. Methods: Cases dating from August 2017 to June 2019 were downloaded (577 dental, 481 medical, 2199 nursing and 63 pharmacy) and converted to text files. A topic analysis method (non-negative matrix factorization; machine learning) was employed for data analysis. Results: Identified topics were criminal offences; dishonesty (fraud and theft); drug possession/supply; English language; indemnity insurance; patient care (including incompetence) and personal behavior (aggression, sexual conduct and substance misuse). The most frequently identified topic for dental, medical and nursing professions was patient care whereas for pharmacy, it was criminal offences. Conclusions: While commonalities exist, each has different priorities which professional and educational organizations should strive to address.

Vascularity and angiogenesis level correlations with the clinical behavior of the central and peripheral giant cell granulomas of the oral cavity

Purpose: The aim of the current study was to compare vascularity and angiogenic activity in peripheral and central giant cell granulomas (GCGs) of the jaws as reflected by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Patients and Method: 3 males and 7 females complaining of peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCGs) and fifteen (5 males & ten females) with central giant cell granuloma (CGCGs) were selected to assess and compare the VEGF immunoexpression in multinucleated giantcells, and mononuclear surrounding stroma. Results: The expression levels of VEGF were greater in CGCGs compared to PGCGs and in aggressive CGCG more than non-aggressive. Conclusion: The vascularity and level of angiogenesis within aggressive CGCGs are higher than those in non-aggressive lesions. The stronger VEGF expression, the higher clinical behavior aggressiveness of the different giant cells granuloma lesions.

PO-01-103 Gender differences in the relationships among homophobia, attachment styles?

Homophobia is the stigma based on sexual orientation and gender identity. This study aims to establish a relationship between homophobia and attachment style in a gender perspective. We recruited a convenience sample composed by 186 subjects (females=112; males=74) and we administered them a psychometric protocol. We invited the individuals to compile a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) to assess relational patterns and the Homophobia Scale (HS) to evaluate the homophobia level in each individual. This scale is composed by 25 items and three factors linked homophobia: F1 (behavior/ negative affect), F2 (affect/ behavioral aggression) and F3 (negative cognition). Males revealed a higher attitude to homophobia compared to females (males=24.32±2.065 vs. females 17.30±1.37; p<0.05). In the male sample HS correlates with discomfort with closeness (r=0.332; p<0.05) and relationship as secondary (r= 0.350; p<0.05). Moreover, a relationship between masculinity traits and total score of HS, was found only in males (r=.233; p<0.05). In a reverse manner, in female group HS negatively correlates with preoccupation with relationships (r=-0.231; p=0.05). Regression analysis confirmed the negative relationship between preoccupation in relationships and HS (β= -0.296; p<0.05) in females, and in male sample the correlation between HS and relationship as secondary (β= 0.31; p=0.05).