Aggregate System Research Articles

Energy-efficient analog-domain aggregator circuit for RRAM-based neural network accelerators

Recently, there has been notable progress in the advancement of RRAM-based Compute-In-Memory (CIM) architectures, showing promise in accelerating neural networks with remarkable energy efficiency and parallelism. However, challenges persist in fully integrating large-scale networks onto a chip, particularly when the weights of a layer exceed the capacity of the RRAM crossbar. In such cases, weights are distributed across smaller RRAM crossbars and aggregated using tree adders and shifters in digital flow, leading to increased system complexity and energy consumption of hardware accelerators. In this work, we introduce a novel energy-efficient analog domain aggregator system designed for RRAM-based CIM systems. The proposed circuit has been verified and tested using Virtuoso Cadence circuit tools in 180 nm CMOS technology with post-layout simulations and analysis. Compared with the digital adder tree approach, the proposed analog aggregator offers improvements in three key areas: it can handle an arbitrary number of inputs not just powers of 2, achieves lower error through better rounding and improves power efficiency (2.15× lower consumption). These findings mark a substantial advancement towards the full implementation of efficient on-chip hardware accelerator systems.

Mix design optimization of high-viscosity asphalt mixtures for ultra-thin pavement considering geometric properties and interface slip behavior for aggregate system

Mix design optimization of high-viscosity asphalt mixtures for ultra-thin pavement considering geometric properties and interface slip behavior for aggregate system

A Road Map for Research and Implementation of Freeze-Thaw Resistant Highway Concrete

The freeze thaw (F-T) durability of portland cement concrete (PCC) is a function of the exposure condition, concrete saturation, and the quality of the paste, aggregate, and air-void system. Unfortunately, the interplay of these variables is not well characterized. Because of this, most current specifications use a “one size fits all” approach to designing and specifying F-T durability, an approach that does not address the performance of modern materials, construction methods, and local exposure conditions. In some cases this leads to overdesign of concrete that wastes money and resources. In other cases key performance criteria may be missed that shortens the service life of a highway structure, such as a pavement, bridge element, etc. This paper outlines a road map for research and implementation leading to highway concrete design and specification for F-T durability. The proposed implementation is to consider the local exposure, design life, allowable risk, available materials, construction practices, and maintenance procedures as inputs to the design of the project. This decision making process will help design engineers address the critical FT variables and provide a robust approach to obtaining F-T durability that can be tailored to the needs of the project. All details of this approach are not provided as they are still being established through ongoing or proposed research. Instead, this paper establishes the need, outlines the framework for this approach, and initiates the discussion of what critical details are needed and how they might be obtained.

Optogenetic control of mitochondrial aggregation and function.

The balance of mitochondrial fission and fusion plays an important role in maintaining the stability of cellular homeostasis. Abnormal mitochondrial fission and fragmentation have been shown to be associated with oxidative stress, which causes a variety of human diseases from neurodegeneration disease to cancer. Therefore, the induction of mitochondrial aggregation and fusion may provide an alternative approach to alleviate these conditions. Here, an optogenetic-based mitochondrial aggregation system (Opto-MitoA) developed, which is based on the CRY2clust/CIBN light-sensitive module. Upon blue light illumination, CRY2clust relocates from the cytosol to mitochondria where it induces mitochondrial aggregation by CRY2clust homo-oligomerization and CRY2clust-CIBN hetero-dimerization. Our functional experiments demonstrate that Opto-MitoA-induced mitochondrial aggregation potently alleviates niclosamide-caused cell dysfunction in ATP production. This study establishes a novel optogenetic-based strategy to regulate mitochondrial dynamics in cells, which may provide a potential therapy for treating mitochondrial-related diseases.

Taxonomy and Survey of Collaborative Intrusion Detection System using Federated Learning

This review article looks at recent research on Federated Learning (FL) for Collaborative Intrusion Detection Systems (CIDS) to establish a taxonomy and survey. The motivation behind this review comes from the difficulty of detecting coordinated cyberattacks in large-scale distributed networks. Collaborative anomalies are one of the network anomalies that need to be detected through robust collaborative learning methods. FL is promising collaborative learning method in recent research. This review aims to offer insights and lesson learn for creating a taxonomy of collaborative anomaly detection in CIDS using FL as a collaborative learning method. Our findings suggest that a taxonomy is required to map the discussion area, including an algorithm for training the learning model, the dataset, global aggregation model, system architecture, security, and privacy. Our results indicate that FL is a promising approach for collaborative anomaly detection in CIDS, and the proposed taxonomy could be useful for future research in this area. Overall, this review contributes to the growing knowledge of FL for CIDS, providing insights and lessons for researchers and practitioners. This research also concludes significant challenges, opportunities, and future directions in CIDS based on collaborative anomaly detection using FL.

Formulating standard requirements for search web-based interfaces of e-catalogs

Within the framework of R&D project “Information support of research by scientists and specialists on the basis of RNPLST Open Archive as the system of scientific knowledge aggregation”, the RNPLS&T carries on the analysis of general characteristics and features of and defining standard requirements for the LIS search interfaces. The author attempts to develop the array of the requirements for modern web-based interfaces of e-catalogs, to classify and formulate them more specifically, and to substantiate these requirements. She proposes the following classification of the requirements: general requirements, requirements for search functionality structure, requirement for content enrichment, requirement for the system of search user support, requirements for applying recommendation system and existence of auxiliary user support. The author also suggests the ways to improve search interfaces of e-catalogs, in particular, to unify and differentiate search instruments, to obtain additional search options, to implement different types of user support more intensively, and to create effective multifunctional recommender systems. The proposed recommendations may be used for search interfaces of library information systems.

An Investigation into Anion Sensing of the Molecular Aggregate of 4-(Pyrrol-1-yl)pyridine and Its Derivatives.

Recently, 4-(pyrrol-1-yl)pyridine has been found to act as a supramolecular chemodosimeter, sensing nitrite ions in an aqueous solution with naked eye detection and a low limit of detection of 0.330 ppm. This work explores the anion-sensing properties of related derivatives, 4-(2,5-dimethyl-pyrrol-1-yl)pyridine and 4-(2,4-dimethyl-pyrrol-1-yl)pyridine, and provides a comparison with the parent compound. These molecules are determined to be effective sensors for nitrite ions with limits of detection of 1.06 ppm and 1.05 ppm, respectively. The high sensitivity and selectivity to nitrite remain even in the presence of competing anions such as SO32-, NO32-, PO43-, SO42-, Cl-, F-, I-, Br-, AcO-, and CN-. Analogous to the 4-(pyrrol-1-yl)pyridine system, the sensing mechanism appears to be the result of changes in the supramolecular aggregate system upon the interaction of an anion; this is further explored through dynamic light scattering, the Tyndall effect, and NMR spectroscopy. The two methylated derivative systems reported herein, 4-(2,5-dimethyl-pyrrol-1-yl)pyridine and 4-(2,4-dimethyl-pyrrol-1-yl)pyridine, are shown to affect the size of the supramolecular system and provide further insight into the unique mechanism of action.

Microscopic swelling behaviors and structural responses of aggregate system: A coarse-grained molecular dynamics study

Microscopic swelling behaviors and structural responses of aggregate system: A coarse-grained molecular dynamics study

Tunable Absorptive Dual Notch Filters Using A Stub-Loaded Coupled Line with An Inductor

This paper presents tunable absorptive dual-notch filters using a stub-loaded coupled line with an inductor. The two-pole Butterworth filter function is modified to attain absorptive responses at a notch frequency. In addition, a stub-loaded coupled line with an inductor is employed to obtain dual-band bandstop responses, the required coupling coefficients, and quality factors based on the modified Butterworth function at two notch frequencies. In the proposed filter, tunable absorptive dual-notch responses are accomplished without using auxiliary circuits, such as an impedance matching network. The two resonant frequencies and the quality factors of the resonators are independently controlled by adjusting the three loading capacitances of the resonator. Three types of filters are designed and then built on a substrate with <i>ε<sub>r</sub></i> = 3.42 and <i>h</i> = 30 mils. The first filter (Filter A) attained a return loss of 11.2–17.1 dB/10.5–24.4 dB at 0.76–0.98 GHz/1.05–1.28 GHz. The measured return loss of the second filter (Filter B) was 12.5–14.8 dB/10.2–12.3 dB at 0.84–1.08 GHz/1.35–1.59 GHz. For Filter C, equipped with a 4-pole response achieved through the cascade connection of two 2-pole filters (Filter B), a return loss of 11.2–15.1 dB/14.2–27.3 dB was obtained at 0.9–1.1 GHz/1.38–1.63 GHz. The application areas of the proposed filters include cognitive radios and carrier aggregation systems requiring two transmit frequencies.

Monovalent Ion Effect on Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Aqueous Polyphosphate-Salt Mixtures.

Polyphosphate (polyP) is one of the most conserved biomacromolecules and can form aggregates, such as polyP granules in bacteria, which are generated through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Studies have examined the mechanism of polyP aggregation using LLPS systems containing artificial polyP molecules as aggregation system models, where LLPS is typically induced by multivalent salts and polyelectrolytes. Although the typical concentrations of monovalent ions in living cells are approximately 100 times higher than those of divalent ions, the effects of monovalent ions on the LLPS of polyP solutions are little known. This study demonstrated that submolar NaCl induces LLPS of polyP solutions, whereas other monovalent salts did not induce LLPS at the same concentrations. Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements revealed that NaCl significantly stabilizes the intermolecular association of polyP, inducing LLPS. These findings suggest that the modulation of monovalent ion concentrations is an underlying mechanism of polyP aggregate formation and deformation within living cells.

MDS-AML Aggregative Risk Classification System (MARCS): A Novel, Enhanced Risk Stratification System Derived from the Combined Unsupervised Analysis of 7,480 MDS and AML Patients

MDS-AML Aggregative Risk Classification System (MARCS): A Novel, Enhanced Risk Stratification System Derived from the Combined Unsupervised Analysis of 7,480 MDS and AML Patients

Investigation of Adhesion and Stripping Properties in Asphalt–Aggregate Systems: Impact of NaCl Solubility and Freeze–Thaw Cycles

Investigation of Adhesion and Stripping Properties in Asphalt–Aggregate Systems: Impact of NaCl Solubility and Freeze–Thaw Cycles

Predicting a Wide Range of Fractal Dimensions of Salt-Induced Aggregates in Water Using a Random Forest Model.

Salt-induced colloidal aggregates can significantly influence contaminant fate and transport in natural and engineered systems. These aggregates' fractal dimensions (df), ranging from 1.4 to 2.2, depend on various system variables. However, the quantitative relationship between these variables and df of aggregates has not been fully explored, especially in predicting a wide range of df. Here, we developed a random forest model capable of predicting the complete range of aggregate df using just four simple physical and chemical parameters of the aggregating system as inputs. The model accurately predicts the df of aggregates formed by colloids of different sizes, ranging from nano to micro sizes, after being trained and tested on appropriate data sets. Ionic strength (IS) has the most significant influence on the df of aggregates formed by microsized particles followed by the relative hydrodynamic radius of aggregates (Rh/Rp), particle concentration (Cp), and primary particle radius (Rp). For aggregates formed by both nano- and microsized particles, IS still has a strong influence on the df, with the significance of Rp increasing. All four inputs are negatively correlated with predicting the df of aggregates. The predictions align well with the physical interpretations.

Secure Data Aggregation and Transmission System for Wireless Body Area Networks Using Twofish Symmetric Key Generation

Nowadays, Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are mostly used in the healthcare industry. They represent a portable, inexpensive network that exhibition adaptability. The data developed using WBAN devices is vulnerable to transmission-related internal and external attacks; nevertheless, this vulnerability arises due to resource restrictions; by employing data aggregation technologies to conduct statistical analyses of medical data while protecting patient privacy, medical professionals can enhance the precision of diagnoses and assist medical insurance firms in selecting optimal plans for their clients. Maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive health information becomes more stimulating at the stages of aggregation and transmission due to security issues. This study proposes a novel method, Twofish Symmetric Key Generation (TFSKG), combined into a Secure Data Aggregation (SDA) and transmission system intended for WBANs. The Twofish technique is animatedly employed to make the secure symmetric keys chosen for its robust encryption capabilities. These keys are used to encrypt and decrypt aggregated health data through transmission. The proposed TFSKG-SDA method implements effective algorithms for aggregating data to safeguard end-to-end privacy and preserve data accuracy while reducing bandwidth consumption. Thus, for improved performance, an innovative genetic algorithm for data security is presented in this study. This paper introduces TFSKG-SDA, a system that, by employing rigorous simulation testing, enhances security protocols, resistance against recognized threats, and data transmission efficacy in the context of resource-constrained WBANs. We assess the encryption strength, computational cost, and communication efficiency of the TFSKG- SDA method to prove its significance to real-world healthcare applications.

Distribution of Microorganisms and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Production Wastewater During Pumped Storage Power Station Construction

The construction period of pumped storage power stations (PSPS) generates amounts of production wastewater, which may contain pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in these bacteria, potentially posing environmental and health risks. This study used the metagenome approach to analyze the distribution of microorganisms, ARGs and their correlation with water quality indicators in wastewater collected from two typical PSPSs. Coagulation system wastewater exhibits strong alkalinity (11.88), and aggregate system wastewater has high suspended solids (SS, 8 × 104 mg/L), resulting in lower richness and diversity of bacterial communities. Serpentinimonas, a kind of alkaliphilic bacteria, had the highest relative abundance (48.58–99.7%). The ARG subtypes obtained conferred wastewater resistance to tetracycline, macrolide, fluoroquinolone and so on, but wastewater treatment has limited removal effect on ARGs. The results indicate that resistant bacteria and resistance genes can still be present and distributed under highly alkaline conditions, and the removal efficiency of ARGs by wastewater treatment in PSPS is limited. Attention should be given to the environmental and health risks posed by production wastewater, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of the PSPS industry.

Assessing the relationship between river water pollution and the LULC composition of a basin in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Oaxaca, Mexico

Water pollution originating from land use and land cover (LULC) can disrupt river ecosystems, posing a threat to public health, safety, and socioeconomic sustainability. Although the interactions between terrestrial and aquatic systems have been investigated for decades, the scale at which land use practices, whether in the entire basin or separately in parts, significantly impact water quality still needs to be determined. In this research, we used multitemporal data (field measurements, Sentinel 2 images, and elevation data) to investigate how the LULC composition in the catchment area (CA) of each water pollution measurement station located in the river course of the Los Perros Basin affects water pollution indicators (WPIs). We examined whether the CAs form a sequential runoff aggregation system for certain pollutants from the highest to the lowest part of the basin. Our research applied statistical (correlation, time series analysis, and canonical correspondence analysis) and geo-visual analyses to identify relationships at the CA level between satellite-based LULC composition and WPI concentrations. We observed that pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, coliforms, and water temperature form a sequential runoff aggregation system from the highest to the lowest part of the basin. We concluded that the observed decrease in natural cover and increase in built-up and agricultural cover in the upper CAs of the study basin between the study period (2016 to 2020) are related to elevated WPI values for suspended solids and coliforms, which exceeded the allowed limits on all CAs and measured dates.

On the Potential Energy Surface of the Pyrene Dimer

Knowledge of reliable geometries and associated intermolecular interaction energy () values at key fragments of the potential energy surface (PES) in the gas phase is indispensable for the modeling of various properties of the pyrene dimer (PYD) and other important aggregate systems of a comparatively large size (ca. 50 atoms). The performance of the domain-based local pair natural orbital (DLPNO) variant of the coupled-cluster theory with singles, doubles and perturbative triples in the complete basis set limit [CCSD(T)/CBS] method for highly accurate predictions of the at a variety of regions of the PES was established for a representative set of pi-stacked dimers, which also includes the PYD. For geometries with the distance between stacked monomers close to a value of such a distance in the minimum structure, an excellent agreement between the canonical CCSD(T)/CBS results and their DLPNO counterparts was found. This finding enabled us to accurately characterize the lowest-lying configurations of the PYD, and the physical origin of their stabilization was thoroughly analyzed. The proposed DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS procedure should be applied with the aim of safely locating a global minimum of the PES and firmly establishing the pertaining of even larger dimers in studies of packing motifs of organic electronic devices and other novel materials.

Microstructural Evaluation of the Effects of Aggregate Type, Aging, and Additives on the Moisture Susceptibility of Binder–Aggregate Systems Using Chemical and Thermodynamic Approaches

Microstructural Evaluation of the Effects of Aggregate Type, Aging, and Additives on the Moisture Susceptibility of Binder–Aggregate Systems Using Chemical and Thermodynamic Approaches

Assessing the Durability, Mechanical, and Microstructural Properties of Nanosilica-enhanced Coconut Shell Concrete: A Sustainable Approach

This study explores the properties of concrete as a sustainable substitute for cement through the use of nanosilica in an eco-friendly aggregate system. Daily life generates a larger amount of coconut shell waste from the tropical zone. In India, the yearly deposition of coconut shell is about 80,000 tonnes, which is 6.7% of total agricultural waste. Crushing gravel production emits CO2, which is an environmental concern. Simultaneously, to diminish waste disposal of coconut shell can be effectively utilised as coarse aggregate in lightweight concrete. The conventional concrete (CC) was fully replaced by coconut shell coarse aggregate and crushed gravel sand (Msand) as fine aggregate in plain Portland cement. Nanosilica replaces cement in the conventional blend at 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%. This study describes the concrete's hardened properties, such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength. Among all the mechanical performances, the N2 blend is significant. The N2 mix exhibits a trend that aligns with the correlation between compressive strength and splitting tensile strength. The transport durability performance related to capillary wick action of the optimum blend (N2 mix) has 0.018 mm/min0.5. The pore filler mechanism and pozzolanicity of 2% NS is more synergic than other combinations. The N2 mix in H2SO4 environment has less mass and strength loss. The N2 blend's morphology is robust relative to the CC mix because of the secondary C-S-H gel and homogeneous, smooth hydrated grain. As a result, the report concludes that using coconut shell as an aggregate in concrete can reduce waste disposal in landfills, while using nanosilica in place of cement can reduce CO2 emissions.

An N-dimensional fully parabolic attraction-repulsion chemotaxis system (with logistic source): Global solutions and boundedness

This paper deals with the coupled attraction-repulsion chemotaxis system of aggregation of Microglia in Alzhemer's disease given by(⋆){ut=Δu−χ∇⋅(u∇v)+ξ∇⋅(u∇w)+f(u),x∈Ω,t>0,vt=Δv−βv+αu,x∈Ω,t>0,wt=Δw−δw+γu,x∈Ω,t>0, is considered in a bounded Ω⊂RN(N≥1) with smooth boundary, where χ,α,ξ,β as well as γ and δ are positive constants. Here f(u)≡0 or f(u)≤a−bur for all u≥0 with some a∈R,b>0 and r≥1. By virtue of a novel approach on the basis of Maximal Sobolev regularity property for the heat equation, it is showed that when the repulsion cancels the attraction (i.e. χα=ξγ), the solution for an associated initial-boundary problem (⋆) is globally bounded ifN≤3andf(u)≤a−burwith somea∈R,b>0andr≥1 orf(u)≤a−burwith somea∈R,b>0andr>2N+4N+4, which extends (or partly improves) the corresponding results obtained in Tao-Wang (2013) [26] as well as Shi-Liu-Jin (2017) [25] and Wang-Zhuang-Zheng (2018) [31].