Aggregate Signature Research Articles

Efficient ECC-based Conditional Privacy-preserving Aggregation Signature Scheme in V2V

Vehicular ad-hoc network system provides network communication technology and plays an important role in road safety and traffic control. Conditional privacy-preserving can safeguard privacy as well as trace malicious vehicles, which is critical in the system. However, in the restricted computing and communication resource situation, how to ensure the conditional privacy security remains a challenge. To address this issue, this research work proposes an efficient conditional privacy-preserving scheme. In this scheme, firstly, a certificateless aggregation signature has been performed on board to avoid channel conflicts, and to our best knowledge, this scheme is the first one to propose aggregation on board. Also an elliptic curve point multiplicative operation has been utilized to decrease the cost consumed in computation. Secondly, this paper gives the security proof of the proposed scheme against the existence of unforgeability under adaptively chosen message attack for Type-I and Type-II adversaries in the random oracle model. Lastly, comprehensive performance comparisons covering the computation, communication and storage costs have been done to state that the proposed scheme is more efficient than the existing solutions. Significantly, this scheme saves at least 86% in communication overhead than compared schemes.

An Optimal Algorithm for Secure Transactions in Bitcoin Based on Blockchain

Technological advancement has made a significant contribution to the change of the economy and the advancement of humanity. Because it is changing how economic transactions are carried out, the blockchain is one of the technical developments that has a lot of promise for this progress. The public record of the Bitcoin blockchain provides dispersed users with evidence of transaction ownership by publishing all transaction data from block reward transactions to unspent transaction outputs. Attacks on the public ledger, on the other hand, are a result of the fact that all transaction information are exposed. De-anonymization attacks allow users to link transaction entities and acquire user privacy through specified transaction amounts. As a result, in light of the Bitcoin blockchain system’s privacy issues, this scheme combines the concept of coin mixing with encrypted transaction technology to create a truly anonymous blockchain system that preserves the payer identity and transaction amount privacy. The one-way aggregated signature technique of Boneh, Gentry, and Lynn systematically embeds the notion of mixing into the whole block. The homomorphic encryption approach of Boneh, Goh, and Nissim allows miners to check the legality of encrypted transactions. Miners will validate transactions, conceal transactions, and package transactions as entities in the scheme. Finally, this technique was chosen after a comparison of several privacy-preserving blockchain schemes. It not only ensures complete anonymity, but also keeps transaction storage overhead to a minimum.

Blockchain-Enabled Secure and Privacy-Preserving Data Aggregation for Fog-Based ITS

As an essential component of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), electric vehicles (EVs) can store massive amounts of electric power in their batteries and send power back to a charging station (CS) at peak hours to balance the power supply and generate profits. However, when the system collects the corresponding power data, several severe security and privacy issues are encountered. The identity and private injection data may be maliciously intercepted by network attackers and be tampered with to damage the services of ITS and smart grids. Existing approaches requiring high computational overhead render them unsuitable for the resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) environment. To address above problems, this paper proposes a blockchain-enabled secure and privacy-preserving data aggregation scheme for fog-based ITS. First, a fog computing and blockchain co-aware aggregation framework of power injection data is designed, which provides strong support for ITS to achieve secure and efficient power injection. Second, Paillier homomorphic encryption, the batch aggregation signature mechanism and a Bloom filter are effectively integrated with efficient aggregation of power injection data with security and privacy guarantees. In addition, the fine-grained homomorphic aggregation is designed for power injection data generated by all EVs, which provides solid data support for accurate power dispatching and supply management in ITS. Experiments show that the total computational cost is significantly reduced in the proposed scheme while providing security and privacy guarantees. The proposed scheme is more suitable for ITS with latency-sensitive applications and is also adapted to deploying devices with limited resources.

Heterogeneous Fault-Tolerant Aggregate Signcryption with Equality Test for Vehicular Sensor Networks

The vehicular sensor network (VSN) is an important part of intelligent transportation, which is used for real-time detection and operation control of vehicles and real-time transmission of data and information. In the environment of VSN, massive private data generated by vehicles are transmitted in open channels and used by other vehicle users, so it is crucial to maintain high transmission efficiency and high confidentiality of data. To deal with this problem, in this paper, we propose a heterogeneous fault-tolerant aggregate signcryption scheme with an equality test (HFTAS-ET). The scheme combines fault-tolerant and aggregate signcryption, which not only makes up for the deficiency of low security of aggregate signature, but also makes up for the deficiency that aggregate signcryption cannot tolerate invalid signature. The scheme supports one verification pass when all signcryptions are valid, and it supports unbounded aggregation when the total number of signcryptions grows dynamically. In addition, this scheme supports heterogeneous equality test, and realizes the access control of private data in different cryptographic environments, so as to achieve flexibility in the application of our scheme and realize the function of quick search of plaintext or ciphertext. Then, the security of HFTAS-ET is demonstrated by strict theoretical analysis. Finally, we conduct strict and standardized experimental operation and performance evaluation, which shows that the scheme has better performance.

Designated-Verifier Aggregate Signature Scheme With Sensitive Data Privacy Protection for Permissioned Blockchain-Assisted IIoT

Designated-Verifier Aggregate Signature Scheme With Sensitive Data Privacy Protection for Permissioned Blockchain-Assisted IIoT

An Enhanced Threshold RSA-Based Aggregate Signature Scheme to Reduce Blockchain Size

An Enhanced Threshold RSA-Based Aggregate Signature Scheme to Reduce Blockchain Size

Cytomorphology and Gene Expression Signatures of Anchorage-independent Aggregations of Oral Cancer Cells.

Cancer cells with high anchorage independence can survive and proliferate in the absence of adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Under anchorage-independent conditions, cancer cells adhere to each other and form aggregates to overcome various stresses. In this study, we investigated the cytomorphology and gene expression signatures of oral cancer cell aggregates. Two oral cancer-derived cell lines, SAS and HSC-3 cells, were cultured in a low-attachment plate and their cytomorphologies were observed. The transcriptome between attached and detached SAS cells was examined using gene expression microarrays. Subsequently, gene enrichment analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis were performed. Gene expression changes under attached, detached, and re-attached conditions were measured via RT-qPCR. While SAS cells formed multiple round-shaped aggregates, HSC-3 cells, which had lower anchorage independence, did not form aggregates efficiently. Each SAS cell in the aggregate was linked by desmosomes and tight junctions. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed 1,698 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between attached and detached SAS cells. The DEGs were associated with various functions and processes, including cell adhesion. Moreover, under the detached condition, the expression of some epithelial genes (DSC3, DSP, CLDN1 and OCLN) were up-regulated. The changes in both cytomorphology and epithelial gene expression under the detached condition overall returned to their original ones when cells re-attached. The results suggest specific cytomorphological and gene expression changes in oral cancer cell aggregates. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying anchorage-independent oral cancer cell aggregation and reveal previously unknown potential diagnostic and therapeutic molecules.

New Constructions of Existential Unforgeable Aggregate Signature Scheme from CSP

In future, hundreds of years of mathematical problems that the security of public key cryptography algorithms rely on may be defeated by quantum algorithms. How can a digital signature scheme gracefully balance security and efficiency? This study uses the conjugate search problem and the left self-distributive system to combine and uses the RSA-like algorithm as the underlying structure to propose a new aggregated signature scheme. We, through the EUF game, under the random metaphor model, prove that the security of the scheme satisfies the adaptation unforgeability under selective message attack, the scheme can be finally reduced to the discrete logarithm problem or large prime number decomposition problem. In addition, we can achieve antiquantum attack and exhaustive attack by performing matrix calculations on the message, defining and changing the structure of the matrix by encoding, and setting thresholds for the matrix dimension and the length of the private key. In terms of efficiency, the message signature implementation is linear compared with the expansion rate in terms of storage and computing overhead, and the generation and verification of the final signature pair have nothing to do with the number of users. In addition, the length of the signature is fixed and the size is only the length of a single group, which effectively reduces the generation of public and private key pairs and saves a lot of storage space. The storage space and computational complexity are also effectively improved compared with other solutions.

Analysis of Time Monitoring Parameters in VANETs

For vehicle communications, a new effective certificateless aggregate signature system is being introduced. The proposed class scheme is primarily designed to secure vehicle communications in VANETs by drastically reducing signature verification time and helping to validate further messages in the stated time, thereby increasing them. The proposed scheme has much less computational cost in terms of checking signatures. This system would work effectively in networks that have restricted resources such as Ad-hoc vehicle networks. The research approach is integrated with the real time communication with satellite and base station in parallel. This is the key reason that the approach can take more time in the real time interaction and more packets transfer to the base station and satellite is giving more efficiency and security to the overall Intelligent Transportation Network for Internet of Vehicles

Aggregate Signature Schemes with Traceability of Devices Dynamically Generating Invalid Signatures

Aggregate Signature Schemes with Traceability of Devices Dynamically Generating Invalid Signatures

Improved Recurrent Neural Network Schema for Validating Digital Signatures in VANET

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) allow communication between stationary or moving vehicles with the assistance of wireless technology. Among various existing issues in smart VANETs, secure communication is the key challenge in VANETs with a 5G network. Smart vehicles must communicate with a broad range of advanced road systems including traffic control and smart payment systems. Many security mechanisms are used in VANETs to ensure safe transmission; one such mechanism is cryptographic digital signatures based on public key infrastructure (PKI). In this mechanism, secret private keys are used for digital signatures to validate the identity of the message along with the sender. However, the validation of the digital signatures in fast-moving vehicles is extremely difficult. Based on an improved perceptron model of an artificial neural network (ANN), this paper proposes an efficient technique for digital signature verification. Still, manual signatures are extensively used for authentication across the world. However, manual signatures are still not employed for security in automotive and mobile networks. The process of converting manual signatures to pseudo-digital-signatures was simulated using the improved Elman backpropagation (I-EBP) model. A digital signature was employed during network connection to authenticate the legitimacy of the sender’s communications. Because it contained information about the vehicle on the road, there was scope for improvement in protecting the data from attackers. Compared to existing schemes, the proposed technique achieved significant gains in computational overhead, aggregate verification delay, and aggregate signature size.

Hybrid and Hierarchical Aggregation-Verification Scheme for VANET

To deal with the security and privacy issues in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), digital signature based on public key infrastructure (PKI) is recognized as being the most mature and popular approach. However, existing secure and privacy-preserving schemes for vehicular communications face some challenges, e.g., fast verification of signatures and certificates, reducing the storage/transmission overheads, avoiding the dependence on ideal tamper-proof devices. In this paper, we propose a hybrid and hierarchical aggregation-verification scheme for efficient verification of certificates and signatures on safety messages in VANET. In our scheme, short-term anonymous certificates and aggregate signatures are employed to guarantee the security and privacy of the VANET system. A novel hybrid aggregation-verification technique is proposed to firstly aggregate the signatures in different certificates and signatures on safety messages into fixed length aggregate signature and then verify the aggregate signature with very short delay. To the best of our knowledge, this paper achieves signature aggregation and verification of such kind for the first time. Further, our scheme also enables hierarchical aggregation-verification of certificates and signatures in VANET.

Chemical traits of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in familial British-, Danish-, and non-Alzheimer's dementias.

Familial British dementia (FBD) and familial Danish dementia (FDD) are autosomal dominant forms of dementia caused by mutations in the integral membrane protein 2B (ITM2B, also known as BRI2) gene. Secretase processing of mutant BRI2 leads to secretion and deposition of BRI2-derived amyloidogenic peptides, ABri and ADan that resemble APP/β-amyloid (Aβ) pathology, which is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid pathology in FBD/FDD manifests itself predominantly in the microvasculature by ABri/ADan containing cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). While ABri and ADan peptide sequences differ only in a few C-terminal amino acids, CAA in FDD is characterized by co-aggregation of ADan with Aβ, while in contrast no Aβ deposition is observed in FBD. The fact that FDD patients display an earlier and more severe disease onset than FBD suggests a potential role of ADan and Aβ co-aggregation that promotes a more rapid disease progression in FDD compared to FBD. It is therefore critical to delineate the chemical signatures of amyloid aggregation in these two vascular dementias. This in turn will increase the knowledge on the pathophysiology of these diseases and the pathogenic role of heterogenous amyloid peptide interactions and deposition, respectively. Herein, we used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) in combination with hyperspectral, confocal microscopy based on luminescent conjugated oligothiophene probes (LCO) to delineate the structural traits and associated amyloid peptide patterns of single CAA in postmortem brain tissue of patients with FBD, FDD as well as sporadic CAA without AD (CAA+) that show pronounced CAA without parenchymal plaques. The results show that CAA in both FBD and FDD consist of N-terminally truncated- and pyroglutamate-modified amyloid peptide species (ADan and ABri), but that ADan peptides in FDD are also extensively C-terminally truncated as compared to ABri in FBD, which contributes to hydrophobicity of ADan species. Further, CAA in FDD showed co-deposition with Aβ x-42 and Aβ x-40 species. CAA+ vessels were structurally more mature than FDD/FBD CAA and contained significant amounts of pyroglutamated Aβ. When compared with FDD, Aβ in CAA+ showed more C-terminal and less N-terminally truncations. In FDD, ADan showed spatial co-localization with Aβ3pE-40 and Aβ3-40 but not with Aβx-42 species. This suggests an increased aggregation propensity of Aβ in FDD that promotes co-aggregation of both Aβ and ADan. Further, CAA maturity appears to be mainly governed by Aβ content based on the significantly higher 500/580 patterns observed in CAA+ than in FDD and FBD, respectively. Together this is the first study of its kind on comprehensive delineation of Bri2 and APP-derived amyloid peptides in single vascular plaques in both FDD/FBD and sporadic CAA that provides new insight in non-AD-related vascular amyloid pathology. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15424.

On the Design and Implementation of a Blockchain-Based Data Management System for ETO Manufacturing

Engineer-to-order (ETO) is a currently popular production model that can meet customers’ individual needs, for which the orders are primarily non-standard parts or small batches. This production model has caused many management challenges, including the difficulty of tracing the production process data of products and the inability to monitor order status in real-time. In this paper, by analyzing the steps of ETO manufacturing and the business process between departments in the manufacturing industry, a blockchain-based process data management system (BPDMS) is proposed. The immutable nature of the blockchain data ensures the data’s validity and consistency in each production step. Furthermore, by embedding the sequential aggregate signature in the system, the sequence verification of discrete process steps can be completed in time. Finally, an electrical equipment assembly production platform is used to discuss the specific implementation on top of the Hyperledger Fabric, a permissioned blockchain. The experiment results show that the proposed system effectively manages the process data of ETO-type production, and the real-time querying of the production status of the orders.

A Novel Construction Of Certificateless Aggregate Signature Scheme For Healthcare Wireless Medical Sensor Networks

Abstract To ensure privacy and security of healthcare wireless medical sensor networks (HWMSNs), several concrete constructions of efficient certificateless aggregate signature (CLAS) scheme without bilinear pairing were proposed in the last few years. However, many previous constructions of CLAS scheme were found to be impractical, which either fail to meet the claimed security or contain design flaws. For example, in some of the previous proposals, any adversary can forge a valid signature on any new message. In this paper, we first demonstrate some security issues and design flaws in the previous proposals of CLAS scheme. As follows, to further address the above deficiencies, a new construction of CLAS scheme with improved security is presented, and the formal security proof is given using Forking Lemma in the random oracle model, assuming that the discrete logarithm problem is hard. Compared with the previous CLAS schemes, our construction has similar computational costs, and it provides better security guarantees. Therefore, compared with the existing solutions, our proposal with strong security and high computational efficiency is more suitable for use in HWMSNs.

A Quantum Secure and Noninteractive Identity-Based Aggregate Signature Protocol From Lattices

The aggregate signature is a special signature mode widely used in the wireless medical sensor network. The aggregate signature can reduce bandwidth and storage space in this sensor network by aggregating multiple signatures from different signers into a short signature. Traditional aggregate signature protocols based on the discrete logarithm problem and the great integer factorization problem cannot resist quantum attacks. In this article, we propose a new noninteractive identity-based aggregate signature protocol from lattices. We prove that the proposed protocol is secure in the quantum random oracle model. Additionally, the performance of the proposed protocol is much better than most previous protocols according to our experiment. Meanwhile, the size of the aggregate signature in our protocol is a logarithmic function of the number of signatures being aggregated.

Certificateless Authentication Scheme Based on Blockchain in Smart Home Network

The traditional centralized intelligent home network security authentication schemes have security problems such as integrity and confidentiality, while the distributed schemes have the problem of delayed authentication. These schemes are not suitable for the intelligent home environment of edge computing. To solve these problems, a certificateless smart home network authentication scheme based on blockchain and certificateless cryptosystem is proposed to realize mutual authentication among users, intelligent terminals (ITs), and intelligent gateways (IGs). The aggregation signature scheme of certificateless identity is introduced into the authentication of intelligent terminals in smart home network. The IG only needs to generate a signature to complete the identity authentication of multiple ITs. Compared with other authentication schemes, the security verification and performance analysis show that the proposed scheme uses less computation overhead and achieves more security features.

Lattice‐based batch authentication scheme with dynamic identity revocation in VANET

Aggregate signatures allow someone to aggregate multiple signatures into one signature, which is suitable for resource-constrained and computationally inefficient environments. Identify-based aggregate signature can solve the storage problem of public key certificates while achieving efficient signature verification. However, in most of the identity-based aggregate signature schemes, the user identity revocation process is time-consuming and cannot resist quantum attacks. To solve above problems, this paper proposes a lattice-based aggregate signature scheme with dynamic identity revocation by combining lattice-based cryptography and an aggregate signature scheme. The security of the proposed lattice-based aggregate signature scheme with dynamic identity revocation has been proved in the random oracle model. In addition, the verification efficiency of the aggregate signature has been improved compared with multiple different signatures. Much of the data transfer in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is carried out wirelessly, which makes VANET vulnerable to identity spoofing attacks. Identity authentication technology can prevent attackers from impersonating legitimate users, thus ensuring the security of VANET. Based on the proposed lattice-based aggregate signature scheme with dynamic identity revocation, this paper proposes a lattice-based batch authentication scheme with dynamic identity revocation in VANET. Through the proposed batch authentication scheme, we can effectively resist the impersonation attack of VANET in the quantum computer environment, and the efficiency of authentication is improved.

Trust-Based Certificateless Privacy-Preserving Authentication in Internet of Vehicles

Owing to the security requirements of Internet of vehicles (IOV), it is necessary to design a secure privacy-preserving scheme for communication. Traditional privacy-preserving schemes have two deficiencies. One is the high cost of computation and communication. Another is the inability to prevent the spread of malicious or modified messages. Motivated by those facts, we proposed a trust-based authentication scheme for certificateless privacy-preserving of IOV, based on the advantages of the short key, fast speed, and high security performance of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). We proposed a method to replace the revocation list by authenticating trust to prevent broadcasting fake and altered massages. Our scheme can encrypt the message sent by the node while adopting a certificateless authentication method to complete the anonymous authentication function, which protects the privacy of the node information and effectively reduces the system storage load. In addition, aggregate signatures can effectively reduce computational and communication overhead. It is proven theoretically that the proposed scheme can satisfy correctness, anonymity, confidentiality of messages, and unforgeability of signatures. Therefore, this scheme is more suitable for the deployment and application of physical IOV.

Secure aggregate signature scheme for smart city applications

With the recent advances in technology, smart cities are rapidly earning momentum. To provide better lives, smart cities should host several applications to increase the efficiency and accessibility of services. Since these services involve the conveyance of significant data among the smart cities’ cloud and the dwellers over the Internet, security and privacy are critical. This paper proposes an authentication protocol with a full aggregation signature to secure the smart city applications. A certificate-less aggregate signature (CLAS) is used for smart city real applications such as secure routing and database outsourcing. The proposed CLAS achieves message authentication, user anonymity, constant signature size, unlinkability, and is resistant to replay attacks. Also, we have proved that the proposed scheme is resistant to all malicious adversaries. Finally, the performance evaluation results show that the proposed CLAS performs better than existing relevant schemes.