Aggregate Ratio Research Articles

The potential clinical value of platelet aggregation in colorectal tumor progression

ObjectiveThe present study is to examine whether platelet aggregation function, platelet count and mean platelet volume are indicators that related to clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer.MethodsA total of 546 patients with colorectal tumors and 118 healthy controls were enrolled, and patients with colorectal tumors were grouped according to malignancy, prognosis, recurrence and metastasis. The parameters of platelet aggregation function included max aggregation ratio, average aggregation ratio and max aggregation time were detected. 546 patients were induced by arachidonic acid, meanwhile, 415 of which were additionally induced by adenosine diphosphate. Of 118 healthy controls, 60 cases were induced by arachidonic acid and 58 cases were induced by adenosine diphosphate. We evaluated the intergroup significance of these indexes by receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsThe levels of max aggregation ratio, average aggregation ratio and platelet count were related to progression including cancerization, radical operation and recurrence and metastasis (P < 0.05). Notably, max aggregation ratio-arachidonic acid is the best indicator for predicting these three progressions with the areas under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.685, 0.652, and 0.649, respectively.ConclusionCorrelations between max aggregation ratio, average aggregation ratio and colorectal tumor progression were observed with a certain clinical value.

Evaluation of coarse aggregate properties in hardened concrete based on segment anything model (SAM)

The applicability of the segment anything model (SAM) algorithm, a novel technique for analyzing the characteristics of coarse aggregate from RGB images of concrete cross-sections, was evaluated. Unlike traditional deep learning method, the SAM algorithm effectively and clearly separates coarse aggregate and mortar without requiring a large database, extensive pre-training, conversion of RGB images to grayscale, or manual threshold setting. Additionally, a new technique was applied to separate the pores recognized as aggregates by using the image difference according to the change in vertical and side lighting. Consequently, the area ratio of coarse aggregate, after the separation and removal of pores from the aggregate area, exhibited an error of approximately 7.0 % when compared to the actual volume ratio of the aggregate. However, in contrast to the calculation of the area ratio of coarse aggregate, the SAM algorithm demonstrated significant errors in size analysis, leading to distortions in the sieve curve. Nevertheless, the SAM algorithm indicates potential for application in various concrete-related fields of concrete in the future.

Early age time-dependent mechanical properties of 3D-printed concrete with coarse aggregates

Incorporating coarse aggregate into 3D-printed concrete is essential for promoting its practical application, yet the impact on the early age time-dependent mechanical properties, crucial for the multilayer structure stability and quality, is underexplored. In this study, 3D-printed concrete with coarse aggregate (3DPCA) with varying mortar-to-coarse aggregate ratios (M/A) and coarse aggregate gradations were prepared, of which uniaxial unconfined compression and direct shear performance were experimentally investigated. The fundamental formulations between the early age mechanical parameters and the resting time of 3DPCA were characterized and then utilized in a digital model simulating actual printing. Results indicated that the 3DPCA early age mechanical properties, including compressive strength, Young's modulus, cohesion, and friction angle, increased with longer resting time and decreasing M/A, and higher proportions of aggregates above 9.5 mm. High coarse aggregate content caused three distinct compressive strength-displacement curve stages and complicated strength eigenvalue extraction. Coarse aggregate gradation affected shear properties more than content, with larger aggregates improving cohesion and friction angles. The failure mode prediction model based on ABAQUS could accurately predict the maximum collapse layer of 3DPCA that occurred in overall unstable collapse and over-expansion failure but was incapable of localized deformation.

Image-driven prediction system: Automatic extraction of aggregate gradation of pavement core samples integrating deep learning and interactive image processing framework

Aggregate gradation plays a crucial role in determining the asphalt pavement performance, necessitating assessment post-construction. Additionally, efficient gradation measurement is vital for the design and construction of reclaimed pavement. This study proposes a methodology for predicting gradation based on imagery. Initially, a scanning device is devised to capture unfolded side surface images of pavement core samples. Subsequently, an interactive software named PyImageJ is developed for image post-processing and acquiring aggregate feature information. A morphological model is then introduced to determine the mass ratios among various grading levels of coarse aggregates with nominal particle sizes greater than 2.36 mm. Finally, sequence prediction models are established to forecast the mass ratios among different grading levels of fine aggregates with nominal particle sizes smaller than 2.36 mm. Simple conversion of the mass ratios can yield the gradation. Experimental results indicate that the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network offers more accurate predictions for the mass ratios of fine aggregates in stone mastic asphalt (SMA-13), with an R-squared value of 0.8985. Conversely, one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D CNN) are better suited for predicting the fine aggregate mass ratios in asphalt concrete (AC-20 and AC-25), with R-squared values of 0.9010 and 0.8824, respectively. Visualization results demonstrate that the predicted complete gradation closely aligns with the actual values (R-squared > 0.99), opening a new avenue for evaluating pavement quality.

Efficacy of sustainable cementitious materials on concrete porosity for enhancing the durability of building materials

Abstract The degradation of concrete structures is significantly influenced by water penetration since water serves as the primary vehicle for the movement of harmful compounds. The process of capillary water absorption is widely recognized as a crucial indicator of durability for unsaturated concrete, as it allows dangerous substances to enter the composite material. The water absorption capacity of concrete is intricately linked to its pore structure, as concrete is inherently porous. The main goal of this work is to create an innovative predictive tool that assesses the porosity of concrete by analyzing its components using a machine-learning (ML) framework. Seven distinct batch design variables were included in the generated database: fly ash, superplasticizer, water-to-binder ratio, curing time, ground granulated blast furnace slag, binder, and coarse-to-fine aggregate ratio. Four distant ML algorithms, including AdaBoost, linear regression (LR), decision tree (DT), and support vector machine (SVM), are utilized to infer the generalization capabilities of ML algorithms to estimate concrete porosity accurately. The RReliefF algorithm was implemented to calculate the significant features influencing porosity. This study concludes that in comparison to the alternative techniques, the AdaBoost method demonstrated superior performance with an R 2 score of 0.914, followed by SVM (0.870), DT (0.838), and LR (0.763). The results of the evaluation of RReliefF indicated that the binder possesses a remarkable influence on the porosity of concrete.

A Study of the Main Fracture Precursor Characteristics of Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Recycled Concrete with Varying Coarse Aggregate Ratios

A Study of the Main Fracture Precursor Characteristics of Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Recycled Concrete with Varying Coarse Aggregate Ratios

Effect of sodium hydroxide molarity and fine aggregate to coarse aggregate ratio on GGBS based geopolymer concrete

Effect of sodium hydroxide molarity and fine aggregate to coarse aggregate ratio on GGBS based geopolymer concrete

Ensemble machine learning models for compressive strength and elastic modulus of recycled brick aggregate concrete

This study delivers an in-depth analysis of predicting the compressive strength and elastic modulus of recycled brick aggregate concrete (RBAC). It assembles an extensive database of 633 compression test results and develops five ensemble learning models—random forest (RF), gradient boosting regression trees (GBRT), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) and stacking (St). These models are evaluated against existing empirical formulas with respect to their effectiveness. The findings reveal that machine learning (ML) models outperform existing formulas: for compressive strength prediction, traditional models achieve a maximum determination coefficient R² of 0.38, whereas ML models attain an R² range of 0.91–0.94. For elastic modulus, the highest R² values are 0.44 for traditional models and 0.97 for ML models. Notably, the LGBM and St models excel in predicting compressive strength and elastic modulus, respectively. The study also identifies critical parameters influencing RBAC’s compressive behavior and highlights their impact trends. Remarkably, while the mass-weighted water absorption of coarse aggregates and the replacement ratio of recycled brick aggregates (RBAs) have less impact on compressive strength compared to the effective water-to-cement ratio, they become more influential for elastic modulus. Additionally, the decrease in elastic modulus due to higher RBA replacement ratios or increased mass-weighted water absorption of coarse aggregates exceeds the corresponding reduction in compressive strength. This research not only deepens the understanding of RBAC’s mechanical properties but also provides valuable predictive tools for civil engineering applications.

Fracture performance and cracking mechanism of large-particle size hydraulic asphalt concrete at different temperatures

This study investigates the fracture properties of large-particle size hydraulic asphalt concrete (LPSHAC) at various temperatures using pre-cracked trabecular bending tests and digital image correlation (DIC). Results show that temperature significantly affects LPSHAC’s fracture properties, with the energy release rate and J-integral fracture toughness increasing initially and then decreasing as temperature rises. Horizontal strain better characterizes damage progression at higher temperatures. Crack curvature coefficients at 0 °C and 20 °C increased by 8.2 % and 30.1 % compared to that at −20 °C, while the aggregate fracture area ratio rose as the temperature decreased from 20 °C to −20 °C.

Mechanical and physical properties of eco-friendly recycled plastic concrete (RPC)

In this research, an Eco-friendly Recycled Plastic Concrete (RPC) having good workability, low density, thermal isolation characteristics, and can be used in structural applications has been engineered. One reference mixture in addition to nine RPC mixtures were studied, where the plastic granules were used as a partial replacement of sand and/or gravel by volume. The studied parameters were the replacement ratios of fine and coarse aggregates by plastic granules; the replacement ratios were: 1) 100, 80, and 60 % from sand; 2) 50, 40, and 30 % from gravel; and 3) 100, 80, and 60 % from sand simultaneous with 30 % from gravel. The effect of incorporating plastic on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the newly developed RPC mixtures have been investigated experimentally via thirty concrete standard cubes (150 × 150 × 150 mm), thirty concrete standard cylinders (150 × 300 mm), and 30 S-shape prisms. A statistical analysis on the test results was carried out using commercial software to determine the optimum proportions of the studied RPC mixtures. The criteria were to maximize the required strengths and to minimize the required density and thermal conductivity. The conducted optimum sand/gravel replacement ratios were 30 % for sand and 80 % for gravel, which were similar to the replacement ratios of Mixture 8 in the current research. This optimum mixture has a unit weight of 1900 kg/m3 and a compressive strength of 27.7 MPa, which were found to meet the limits of structural light weight concrete according to ACI 213R-14 and supports both structural and environmental benefits.

Study on the electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical coupling damage of concrete under microwave irradiation

The paper aims to explore the thermal response of three-dimensional random aggregate concrete model under microwave irradiation. The multi-field distribution in concrete by coupling of the electromagnetics, heat transfer and solid mechanics in COMSOL Multiphysics software under microwave irradiation was investigated. The results shown that the different in dielectric properties and thermal expansion coefficients between aggregate and mortar resulted in the generation of temperature gradients and stress concentration at interface. In addition, due to the larger expansion coefficient of aggregate compared to mortar, stress concentration was formed at interface, promoting the damage of concrete. Microwave power exhibited a notable influence on thermal accumulation and thermal stress. Higher microwave power correlating to higher growth rates of temperature and stress. The Von Mises stress in mortar was significantly greater than that in aggregate, as energy absorption reached a certain threshold, damage occurred in mortar. In addition, microwave frequency significantly influenced the distribution of electric field within the cavity, and also the energy conversion ratio of aggregate within concrete. The study could provide a comprehensive understanding of heating effects of microwave radiation on concrete, providing the mechanical basis for microwave-assisted concrete recovery.

Study on the correlation between homogeneity of mastic and aggregate skeleton on cracking resistance of recycled asphalt mixtures

ABSTRACT The heterogeneous distribution of mastics and aggregates affects the durability of recycled asphalt pavements through cracking and failure behaviour. This study used force chain network analysis to quantify the homogeneity index of stress transfer and established correlations between this homogeneity and the cracking resistance of recycled asphalt mixtures. The results showed a good correlation of 0.8288 between the horizontal homogeneity index DH2, based on the area ratio of RAP and virgin aggregates, and fracture energy Gf. Additionally, the stress transfer efficiency index DH had a significant correlation of 0.7975 with Gf. Bending Beam Rheological tests revealed a high correlation of 0.9507 between the low-temperature performance index S/m and Gf, and a moderate correlation of 0.6115 between the homogeneity index Dm of blended mastics and the coefficient of variation of Gf. Thus, this study established a model that correlated the homogeneity of blended mastic and mixtures with the crack resistance of recycled asphalt mixtures, achieving a correlation coefficient of 0.8492 between the predicted and actual results. These findings enhance the understanding of the relationship between mixture homogeneity and mechanical properties, advancing virtual design technologies for recycled asphalt mixture design.

Investigation of Mortars from Historical Tiles in the Mortuary Architecture of the Nossa Senhora da Soledade Cemetery: Characteristics and Luso-Brazilian Cultural Heritage

ABSTRACT The first official public cemetery in Belém do Pará (Brazil), opened in 1850, is called Nossa Senhora da Soledade Cemetery. Its mortuary architecture encompasses a collection of tiled graves whose tiles were imported from Europe or manufactured nationally between the 19th and 20th centuries. Thus, the mortars used in these tiled systems represent the construction techniques of their respective periods and also stand as witnesses to the passage of time and the countless alteration processes. In this study, we collected 32 samples, comprising base-layer and tile mortars, and conducted chemical and mineralogical characterization and analysis of their mechanical and physical properties. The primary analyses were visual inspection, determination of the binder:aggregate ratio, colorimetry, particle size of the aggregates, petrography, and SEM/EDS. The results showed significant differences between the base-layer and tile mortars, mainly concerning the type of binder. Mortars set in the 19th century were similar to the older ones based on lime, with solid evidence of pozzolanic and even hydraulic reactions, while those from the 20th century, possibly made of Portland Cement, presented hydraulic characteristics.

Pre-and post-heating bar-concrete bond behavior of CFRP-wrapped concrete containing polymeric aggregates and steel fibers: Experimental and theoretical study

The present research attempted to explore the impact of steel fibers and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets on the pre-and post-heating bond behavior of steel bars in high-strength concrete incorporating waste polyethylene terephthalate (WPET) by conducting the pullout and beam tests and in both pullout and splitting failure modes. To achieve this aim, one hundred and forty-four cubes and forty-eight prisms were cast for the pullout and beam tests, respectively. The variable parameters included the replacement ratio of the fine aggregates with waste polyethylene terephthalate (WPET) particles (0 % and 10 % by volume), steel-fiber content (0 % and 1 % by volume), bar diameter (12-and 16-mm), target temperature (25, 200, and 600 °C), and confinement level (no confinement or CFRP wrapping applied after the thermal regime). Bond strength, bond stress-slip behavior between rebar and concrete, failure mode, and rebar debonding energy were among the parameters investigated after cooling. The results showed that in contrast with the positive effect of CFRP sheets on debonding energy, steel fibers have a positive effect on debonding energy only at 600 °C. Steel fibers did not offset the negative effect of polymeric aggregate, negatively changed the pullout mode to a mixed pullout/splitting failure at 200 °C, and tended to favor splitting failure mode to mixed mode at 600 °C. Moreover, steel fibers negatively affected the bond strength of pullout specimens in both confined and unconfined conditions, especially at 25 and 200 °C, and were less effective than CFRP sheets in avoiding splitting. Small-diameter bars reduced the negative effect of steel fibers on the bond, while polymeric aggregate tended to enhance the bond strength differences between large- and small-diameter bars. The effect of increasing the bar diameter on the effectiveness of CFRP sheets on the bond strength was not clear, but as a general trend, the effectiveness increased with the increase of the bar diameter. A predictive model based on the experimental results of this study and other studies was proposed as well to introduce the positive effect of the CFRP confinement and the dubious effect of steel fibers and polymeric aggregate on bond strength.

Entropy-Driven 60mol% Li Electrolyte for Li Metal-Free Batteries.

Highly Li-concentrated electrolytes are acknowledged for their compatibility with Li metal negative electrodes and high voltage positive electrodes to achieve high-energy Li metal batteries, showcasing stable and facile interfaces for Li deposition/dissolution and high anodic stability. This study aims to explore a highly concentrated electrolyte by adopting entropy-driven chemistry for Li metal-free (so-called anode-free) batteries. The combination of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (LiFSA) and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiOTf)salts in a pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquid is found to significantly modify the coordination structure, resulting in an unprecedented 60mol% Li concentration and a low solvent-to-salt ratio of 0.67:1 in the electrolyte system. This novel 60mol% Li electrolyte demonstrates unique coordination stricture, featuring a high ratio of monodentate-anion structures and aggregates, which facilitates an enhanced Li+ transference number and improved anodic stability. Moreover, the developed electrolyte provides a facile de-coordination process and leads to the formation of an anion-based solid electrolyte interface, which enables stable Li deposition/dissolution properties and demonstrates excellent cycling stability in the Li metal-free full cell with a Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 (NCM811) positive electrode.

Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of alkali-activated green concrete using slag from electric arc furnaces as precursor and aggregate

Abstract Alkali-activated materials (AAM) have gained popularity in research because of their lower carbon dioxide emissions than Portland cement. Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) exceeds landfills. Moreover, electric arc furnaces emit less CO2 than oxygen-blast furnaces. This research is the first to suggest that mixing EAFS and metakaolin (MK) as AAM precursors could compensate for the deficiency of SiO2 and Al2O3 in the EAFS and CaO in the MK, which would produce better AAM properties than using either of them singularly. Furthermore, the utilization of EAFS aggregate instead of natural aggregate in alkali-activated concrete (AAC) reduces waste materials, consumes fewer natural resources, and solves the problem of natural aggregate scarcity. This study’s main objectives were to evaluate the effects of varying ratios of EAFS and MK as precursors and EAFS aggregate to natural aggregate ratios on the AAC’s fresh and hardened properties. The properties under consideration are workability and cube compressive strength. The outcomes showed that increasing EAFS with decreasing MK content increased AAC workability and cube compressive strength while increasing EAFS aggregate over natural aggregate improved AAC workability and decreased cube compressive strength.

The performance of waste glass aggregate concrete GFRP-steel double-skin tubular columns under axial compression: Experimental study

In an attempt to alleviate the problem of growing waste glass and fully utilize the excellent material properties of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP), a novel composite structure, waste glass aggregate concrete glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP)-steel double-skin tubular column (WGAC-DSTC), was proposed based on the FRP-concrete-steel double-skin tubular column (DSTC). In the present research, eight WGAC-DSTCs and four waste glass aggregate concrete-filled GFRP tubular columns (WGAC-CFFTs) were investigated to explore their mechanical performance under axial compression. Effects of diverse replacement ratio of waste glass aggregate, GFRP tube thickness, and hollow ratio of column on the mechanical performance of twelve columns were investigated. Meanwhile, this research analyzed and discussed the failure characteristics of columns, load-displacement relationship, ductility coefficient, stiffness coefficient, parameter analysis, ultimate bearing capacity, load-strain relationship and constraint factor. Besides, predicted formulae for estimating the ultimate bearing capacity of WGAC-CFFTs and WGAC-DSTCs were proposed. The research results indicated that (1) Failure mode of the WGAC-DSTCs displayed axial compression failure or shear failure and failure mode of WGAC-CFFTs exhibited mainly axial compression failure; (2) WGAC-DSTCs with 10 % replacement ratio of waste glass aggregate and hollow ratio of 0.4 indicated an increase in the ultimate bearing capacity by 17.24 % and 45.78 %, respectively, as the GFRP tube thickness increased from 1.5 mm to 2 mm and 3 mm. As the column's hollow ratio enhanced from 0.27 to 0.68, the column's ultimate bearing capacity significantly decreased by 7.08 %-60.55 %. The ultimate bearing capacity of WGAC-CFFTs showed a trend of first increasing by 8.33 %-9.41 % but then decreasing by 1.52 % when the replacement ratio of waste glass aggregate rose from 0 % to 30 %; (3) WGAC could replace natural aggregate concrete in traditional DSTC and the bearing capacity could be guaranteed. Besides, it's recommended to utilize 20 % replacement ratio of waste glass aggregate for the WGAC-DSTC whose ultimate bearing capacity enhanced by 15.17 % and possessing optimal mechanical performance; (4) The results calculated utilizing predicted formulae matched well with results of experiment. The application of waste glass aggregate concrete in DSTC can contribute to economic growth and environmental protection and meet the concept of sustainable development.

Study on properties of alkali activated titanium gypsum artificial aggregate concrete

Abstract In order to solve the problem of raw material shortage and solid waste disposal in the construction industry, titanium gypsum was used as raw material to prepare titanium gypsum artificial aggregate by alkali-activated cold bonding. The physical properties and microstructure of aggregates were studied, they were used to replace natural aggregates in unfired bricks. The unburned aggregate of ternary cementitious material system (titanium gypsum, cement, silica fume) was designed, and the best artificial aggregate ratio was selected by physical performance analysis, XRD and SEM analysis. The unburned bricks were prepared by replacing natural gravel with different replacement rates. The physical properties and durability were analyzed by physical test, dry and wet cycle test, and the best utilization method was sought. Main research contents and conclusions: (1) When the ratio of titanium gypsum: cement: silica fume = 7: 2: 1, NaOH: CaO = 1: 1 as the activator, the comprehensive performance of artificial aggregate is the best. According to XRD and SEM analysis, the main products in the titanium gypsum artificial aggregate system are C-S-H and AFt. (2) The compressive strength of the unburned brick prepared by titanium gypsum artificial aggregate completely replacing natural gravel reached 31.40 MPa, and the water absorption rate was 10.18 %. The unburned brick specimens with different substitution rates showed good dry-wet cycle resistance after 15 dry-wet cycles.

Artificially Intelligent Strength of Tertiary Cement Concrete, Natural Aggregate Is Anglizated with Recycled Aggregate

The researchers have studied RCA in concrete. Compressive strength is a fundamental criteria, although it has been shown that identical concrete may be created regardless of the quality of RCA. This study aims to demonstrate that ternary blended cement concretes made from RCA are a viable alternative in structural concrete and can remain so in the future. The results of this investigation seeks the best ratio of RCA aggregate to natural coarse aggregates in ternary blended cement concrete by testing the compressive concrete strength made with supplementary cementitious materials &amp; RCA that have been blended together in a consistent manner using a chemical admixture that is effective at high concentrations of water reduction. Compressive strengths at 7 and 28 days were measured for two distinct concrete grades (40 MPa &amp; 60 MPa) using natural coarse aggregate replacement ratios (Rr) of 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, &amp; 1.0 for the recycled coarse aggregates. A total of 84 test specimens in the shape of a cube were cast &amp; examined. According to the results of the experiments, To obtain an equivalent M60 concrete, we can use RCA with a percentage of Rr = 0.5, &amp; with Rr = 1.0, we can achieve an equivalent M40 concrete.

Buyang Huanwu decoction ameliorates myocardial injury and attenuates platelet activation by regulating the PI3 kinase/Rap1/integrin α(IIb)β(3) pathway

BackgroundBuyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) is a traditional Chinese medicine to treat the syndrome of qi deficiency and blood stasis. Platelets play an important role in regulating thrombus and inflammation after ischemic injury, studies have shown that BYHWD regulate myocardial fibrosis and exert anti-inflammatory effects through IL-17 and TLR4 pathways, but the mechanism of platelet activation by BYHWD in stable coronary heart disease is still unknown. In the present study, model of left anterior descending coronary artery ligation was applied to investigate the mechanisms of BYHWD on modulating platelets hyperreactivity and heart function after fibrosis of ischemic myocardial infarction (MI).MethodsMyocardial infarction model was constructed by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham, model, MI with aspirin (positive), MI with a low dosage of BYHWD (BYHWD-ld) and MI with a high dosage of BYHWD (BYHWD-hd) for 28 days.ResultsCoronary artery ligation prominently induced left ventricle dysfunction, increased cardiomyocyte fibrosis, which was accompanied by platelets with hyperreactivity, and high levels of inflammatory factors. BYHWD obviously reversed cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis, increased the thickness of the left ventricular wall, and inhibited aggregation ratio and CD62p expression. BYHWD restored the mitochondrial respiration of platelets after MI, concomitant with an increased telomere expression and decreased inflammation. According to the result of transcriptome sequencing, we found that 106 differentially expressed genes compared model with BYHWD treatment. Enrichment analysis screened out the Ras-related protein Rap-1 (Rap1) signaling pathway and platelet activation biological function. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting were applied to found that BYHWD reduced the expression of Rap1/PI3K-Akt/Src-CDC42 genes and attenuated the overactivity of PI3 kinase/Rap1/integrin α(IIb)β(3) pathway.ConclusionBYHWD reduced inflammation and platelet activation via the PI3 kinase/Rap1/integrin α(IIb)β(3) pathway and improved heart function after MI.Graphical