Analysis Of Aggregate Data Research Articles

Assessment of immediate production impact following attenuated PRRS type 2 virus vaccination in swine breeding herds

BackgroundTo mitigate production impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus outbreaks, it has been common to preventively vaccinate swine breeding herds using PRRS modified live virus (MLV) vaccine. However, attenuated PRRS virus (PRRSv) may result negative impact on farm productivity. The objective of this study was to measure the immediate impact of PRRS type 2 MLV vaccine on breeding herd performance under field conditions. Eight PRRS-stable farms routinely mass vaccinating females with commercial PRRS MLV vaccines were enrolled on study. Vaccination dates were collected and weekly changes in abortions, neonatal losses, pre-weaning mortality, pigs weaned per sow, and wean-to-first-service interval were assessed for up to 6 weeks after each vaccination. A 6-week period prior to each vaccination was established as baseline. Statistical process control (SPC) analysis was conducted to detect significant productivity decreases after MLV interventions, on each farm, and a mixed regression model was used, at the aggregated data level, to assess the productivity change 6 weeks after PRRS MLV vaccinations, compared to baseline.ResultsOut of 65 herd-MLV vaccinations, SPC analysis detected increase on abortions 4 times (6.1%), on neonatal losses 7 times (10.7%), on pre-weaning mortality 2 times (3%), on wean-to-first-service interval 2 times (3%), and no change in total pigs weaned. On aggregated data analysis, there was no significant change in abortion rate, neonatal losses, number of pigs weaned per sow, and wean-to-first-service interval. However, there was an increase of 0.26% of pre-weaning mortality 2 weeks after vaccination compared to the baseline.ConclusionsUnder study conditions, individual PRRS-stable sow farms had experienced transient, and numerically small changes in productivity following PRRS type 2 MLV vaccination. There was a small increase of pre-weaning mortality 2 weeks after vaccination, but no evidence of significant production impact at aggregated data analysis for abortion rate, neonatal losses, pigs weaned per sow and wean-to-first-service interval.

A Global Analysis of Water-Related Terrorism, 1970–2016

ABSTRACT Terrorist organizations destabilize governments through violent and coercive acts that include the use of water resources as a target. Scholars in security studies recognize water as a strategic resource but have yet to systematically quantify and describe how water is used in the case of terrorism. This paper explores this gap at the nexus of the larger fields of terrorism and environmental security by offering methods to codify types of water-related terrorism events. Using the University of Maryland’s Global Terrorism Database, which includes information on terrorist events around the world, and employing aggregate data analysis, we highlight trends over time and space. We found that water-related terrorism is a method of terrorism widespread across most of the world and that water infrastructure is the main target of choice by most terrorist organizations. We identified 675 incidents of water-related terrorism that occurred in seventy-one countries. We identified terrorist organizations with the highest numbers of incidents and transboundary water basins most at risk for water-related terrorism incidents. This collective analysis identifies and codifies the number and type of water-related terrorism incidents that occurred from 1970 to 2016; describes spatial and temporal trends of those incidents; and provides information for decision-makers regarding water-related terrorism targets and associated risk.

036 Comparison of Erectile Dysfunction Severity Before vs After Renal Transplantation: An Aggregate Data Analysis

036 Comparison of Erectile Dysfunction Severity Before vs After Renal Transplantation: An Aggregate Data Analysis

Persistence in tillage decisions: Aggregate data analysis

The Emission Gap Report 2013 from the United Nations Environment Program showed that adopting conservation tillage such as no-till, as an alternative to conventional tillage, contributes significantly to climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration. However, substantial amounts of soil carbon are lost when farmers interrupt continuous use of conservation tillage with conventional tillage. Conservation tillage is spreading, but little is known about the behavioral persistence in tillage decisions. To address the gap in the literature, we estimate county-specific Markov models of tillage-crop choices, and use the predicted probabilities of alternative two- and three-year tillage rotations to evaluate spatial variation and temporal persistence in conservation tillage adoption for the state of Iowa (U.S). We find that the county-average probabilities of continuous conservation tillage range between 0.133 and 0.295, and vary significantly among crop rotations. We also find a statistically strong positive effect of the incidence of the highly erodible land on the county-average use of continuous conservation tillage. Our results underscore the importance of dynamic modeling for understanding behavioral persistence in tillage decisions, and the interdependence between farmers' crop and tillage rotations.

Broadband upgrade and firm performance in rural areas: Quasi-experimental evidence

This paper analyzes the impact of advanced (up to 20 Mbps download, up to 1 Mbps upload) broadband accessibility on firm performance by exploiting a unique local policy of a staggered broadband infrastructure upgrade across rural municipalities. In a difference-in-differences framework based on longitudinal balance sheet data for limited companies, we show that ADSL2+ availability is associated with increases in firms’ revenue and total factor productivity (by on average 14.8 and 9.1 percent cumulatively over two years), but not with significant changes in personnel cost or employment. Additional analysis of aggregate administrative data shows no significant impact on the total number of active firms or local employment. Pre-trend evaluations support a causal interpretation.

438 Child Abuse Rates Among Genital Burn Victims Significantly Higher than in Unstratified Pediatric Burn Patients: An Aggregate Data Analysis

438 Child Abuse Rates Among Genital Burn Victims Significantly Higher than in Unstratified Pediatric Burn Patients: An Aggregate Data Analysis

Wikipedia y ciencias sociales: acceso libre al conocimiento en campos especializados

Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre en linea, es un ejemplo de colaboracion masiva entre pares a nivel global. Fue creada en 2001 y se mantiene vigente hasta la actualidad. Esta enciclopedia incorpora numerosos proyectos y ediciones en diferentes idiomas. Este articulo se enfoca en senalar la produccion de investigaciones en ciencias sociales, analiza el caso del area de sociologia (en la edicion en espanol). A partir de alli se profundiza en la evolucion de los articulos y algunas de sus principales dinamicas comunitarias, incluida la conformacion de un portal y wikiproyecto sociologia; el crecimiento de volumen de los editores y las ediciones; la cobertura regional y las controversias respecto del contenido. El metodo empleado se basa en el analisis de los datos encontrados en el contexto de una investigacion etnografica virtual. La indagacion retoma consideraciones sobre los principios y las reglas que orientan el funcionamiento de la plataforma, asi como esfuerzos de comprension desde las ciencias sociales, en vinculacion con iniciativas recientes de comunidades academicas. Los resultados permiten ponderar potencialidades de modelos emergentes de produccion, divulgacion y uso del conocimiento, asi como sus contribuciones hacia una ampliacion de publicos.

Association of Atherosclerosis Prevalence With Age, Race, and Traditional Risk Factors in Patients With Psoriasis

This analysis of aggregate data from electronic medical records assesses the prevalence of atherosclerosis in African American and white patients with psoriasis.

Who has low health literacy and does it matter for depression? Findings from aggregated and disaggregated racial/ethnic groups.

Health literacy is an important factor related to health outcomes and, ultimately, health disparities. Of the research that has been done, results have been mixed, which may be a reflection of how previous research primarily explored these relationships within aggregated groups. Thus, the present study sought to fill this gap in literature by exploring the relationships between determinants, health literacy, and depression within both aggregated and disaggregated groups. Data from the 2007 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) was used, which included information collected from 51,048 adult participants. A model of the determinants of health, health literacy, and depression was constructed based on Andersen's Model of Health Utilization and fit within both an aggregated ethnic/racial and immigration status group, as well as within disaggregated groups. Results indicated that when comparing ethnic/racial groups, Latinx and AAPI groups had the lowest levels of health literacy. When comparing nativity groups, immigrants had lower health literacy levels than U.S.-born. Finally when looking at disaggregated groups, Latinx and AAPI immigrants had the lowest health literacy levels among all groups. Furthermore, health literacy determinants as well as the relationship between health literacy and depression differed depending on group demographics. This suggests that aggregated data analyses may obscure nuanced within-group differences, highlighting the importance of exploring health literacy within disaggregated groups. The results can be used to help inform the development of intervention or prevention-based programs that seek to improve health literacy and depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Chickenpox in Poland in 2017

Chickenpox is a common disease in Poland, which is usually mild, but can lead to serious complications. Vaccination is an effective form of prevention. Before the introduction of universal vaccination against chickenpox, high incidence was recorded in many countries. In Poland, since 2003, vaccinations are recommended for people who did not get sick, and since 2009, compulsory for children up to 12 years of age particularly exposed to infection and children from their surroundings. To assess epidemiological situation of chickenpox in Poland in 2017, including vaccination coverage in Polish population, in comparison to previous years. Assessment of the epidemiological situation of chickenpox in Poland in 2017. was based on the results of the analysis of aggregate data published in the annual bulletins: “Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland in 2017” and “Protective Vaccination in Poland in 2017. In addition, the recommendations from the Protective Vaccine Program for 2017 were used. In 2017, 173 196 cases of chickenpox were registered in Poland, 7.21% more than in the previous year. The incidence of varicella in 2017 was 450.8 per 100,000. and was higher than in 2016 . The lowest incidence was registered in the Dolnośląskie voivodeship – 324.6/ 100,000, the highest in the Opolskie voivodeship – 601.0 / 100,000. The most incidence was observed among children aged 0-4 years (88 711). Incidence in men was higher than in women, and the rural population higher than for urban residents. In 2017, 1200 people were hospitalized due to chickenpox. 75 040 people were vaccinated against varicella.

Development of a Data Portal for Aggregation and Analysis of Genomics Data in Familial Platelet Disorder with Predisposition to Myeloid Malignancy - the RUNX1.DB

Development of a Data Portal for Aggregation and Analysis of Genomics Data in Familial Platelet Disorder with Predisposition to Myeloid Malignancy - the RUNX1.DB

Modeling and Analysis of Data Aggregation From Convergecast in Mobile Sensor Networks for Industrial IoT

Estimating communication latency is a challenging task in the applications of industrial Internet of things (IIoT). Mobile convergecast, as a many-to-one communication pattern, has been recently explored in mobile sensor networks for IIoT, where sensor nodes are usually in mobile status, and report the sensed data regularly or randomly to one or more stationary sinks through the multihop routing path. As convergecast becomes increasingly relevant for industrial sensing and monitoring, a critical part of empowering information aggregation is to maintain consistent transmission. Path duration is one important component of end-to-end delay for communications along the path. In this paper, a probabilistic model for mobile convergecast has been proposed and evaluated to capture path duration times, by considering parameters including network models, sensor network scope, and mobility patterns of network elements. Through experiments, it has been verified that the proposed model can provide a feasible analysis of end-to-end delays in industrial networks implementing convergecast.

Chickenpox in Poland in 2016

Chickenpox is a common disease in Poland. Annually, between 160,000 and 220,000 cases are registered. On average, there is an increase in incidence every 4 years. Therefore, it is justified to use preventive vaccination that effectively protects against infection. In Poland, since 2002, these are recommended vaccinations. To assess the epidemiological situation of chickenpox in Poland in 2016. and a comparison with the situation in previous years. Assessment of the epidemiological situation of chickenpox in Poland in 2016. was based on the results of the analysis of aggregate data published in the annual bulletins: “Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland in 2016” and “Protective Vaccination in Poland in 2016. (Czarkowski MP, et al. Warsaw, NIZP-PZH, GIS). In addition, the recommendations from the Protective Vaccine Program for 2016 were used. In 2016, 160,707 cases of chickenpox were registered in Poland, 14.3% fewer cases than in the previous year. The incidence of varicella in 2016 was 418.2 per 100,000. and was lower than in 2015 by 14.3%. The lowest incidence was registered in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship - 259.3 / 100,000, the highest and the highest one in 2015 in the Śląskie Voivodship - 542.9 / 100,000. Children aged 0-4 (77 258) and 5-9 (60,818) became ill most. The incidence of men pox was higher than for women, and the rural population higher than for urban residents. Hospitalization due to chickenpox in 2016 included 1 219 people, which accounted for 0.76% of the total number of registered cases. 66,357 people were vaccinated against varicella. In 2016, there was a decrease in the number of smallpox cases, which may be explained by activities in the field of health education aimed at protective vaccination and indicating the benefits of preventive vaccination, as well as increasing the knowledge of the general public in the prevention of infectious diseases by vaccination.

Meningitis and encephalitis in Poland in 2016

Meningitis and encephalitis are febrile diseases with varying degrees of severity, rich symptomatology and differentiated course depending on the etiological factor and individual sensitivity. In severe cases, it can quickly lead to shock and death. mAbout 3000 cases of meningitis and encephalitis are registered in Poland each year. They constitute a serious diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Among the cases of cerebrospinal meningitis and / or encephalitis, confirmed by laboratory tests, the most common are Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Among viral neuroinfections, tick-borne encephalitis predominates. The aim of the study is to assess the epidemiological situation of meningitis and / or encephalomyelitis in Poland in 2016. and comparison of the results obtained with the epidemiological situation in previous years. Analysis and assessment of the epidemiological situation of the occurrence of meningitis and / or encephalomyelitis in Poland in 2016. was based on the results of the analysis of aggregate data published in the annual bulletins: “Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland in 2016” and “Protective Vaccination in Poland in 2016. (Czarkowski MP. Et al., Warsaw, NIZP-PZH, GIS). In addition, the recommendations from the Protective Vaccine Program for 2016 were used. In 2016, in Poland, there were a total of 3,191 cases of meningitis and / or encephalitis (incidence 7.6 per 100,000), which increased by 14.5% compared to 2015. The prevalences of viral etiology were they were responsible for 43.49% of cases of neuroinfections. Among the specific neuroinfections with viral etiology, up to 74.67% were tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Disorders of bacterial etiology were the cause of 30.08% of all cases, which is an increase of 6.35% compared to 2015. In 2016, the total increase in meningitis and / or brain inflammation was recorded in Poland. In comparison to 2015, it was an increase of 14.5%. Most of these infections were infections caused by viruses - 43.49%. 2016 was another period in which a decline in bacterial etiology was noted, which may result from the fact that more protective vaccinations were carried out in this area. It is necessary to continue educational activities aimed at raising the level of knowledge of the general public in the area of the ability to prevent infectious diseases through vaccination.

Accelerating surgical quality improvement in Ontario through a regional collaborative: a quality-improvement study.

The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) collaborative in Ontario, the Ontario Surgical Quality Improvement Network (ON-SQIN), was launched in January 2015. We describe its approaches to support surgical quality improvement and examine its early impact on member hospitals. All Ontario hospitals that participated in the ON-SQIN and NSQIP were included in this quality-improvement study. The primary intervention was the introduction of the ON-SQIN, and the secondary interventions included a community of practice and access to quality-improvement resources and tools. Outcome measures included the level of quality-improvement capacity, collaborative-wide aggregate data on postoperative complications, and self-reported rates of surgical site and urinary tract infections. Eighteen hospitals that enrolled in the ON-SQIN in 2015 reported an increase in their capacity for quality improvement after 18 months. Analysis of the collaborative-wide aggregate data in a 6-month period (14 748 surgical cases) revealed a substantial reduction of acute renal failure (relative risk 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.25-0.95) and urinary tract infection (relative risk 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.61-0.97). Most hospitals that targeted prevention of surgical site infection and urinary tract infection reported reduction of these occurrences during a 1-year period. The ON-SQIN supported the uptake of the NSQIP in Ontario hospitals and promoted targeted surgical quality-improvement initiatives, resulting in increased quality-improvement capacity and development of the community of practice. Furthermore, our early experience suggests that improvements in surgical care are being realized.

Systemic analysis of medication administration omission errors in a tertiary-care hospital in Quebec.

Medication administration omission errors (MAOEs) occur frequently in hospitals and can significantly affect patient health. An interdisciplinary committee was formed in summer 2012 to analyse incident/accident reports (AH-223-1 forms) of MAOEs for the 2011-2012 fiscal year in order to identify contributing factors and to propose preventive solutions. Special attention was paid to events with consequences for patients. An aggregate data analysis involving four major steps was conducted: sampling, categorisation, identification of contributing factors, and seeking preventive solutions. One hundred omissions were randomly selected from the 889 reported for this period. All omissions categorised as having had consequences for patients were then added, making a final total of 145 omissions. The omissions were categorised using an Ishikawa diagram developed from an exploratory literature review and process mapping. Subsequent to failure modes, effects and criticality analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams were constructed with the main prioritised categories to differentiate the proximal causes from the root causes. Brainstorming was used to develop solutions, which were then prioritised with an impact/effort matrix. This study identified 27 categories of MAOEs, of which the 7 most frequent and the most critical accounted for 79.3% of the reports. The event categories, in decreasing order of importance, were related to intravenous (IV) therapy (29.0%), failure in using the medication administration record (MAR; 23.4%), failure in creating/updating the MAR (10.3%), medications on the patient's bedside (7.6%), and three types of MAOEs related to transcribing prescriptions (9.0%). The interdisciplinary committee formulated 10 main recommendations related to these 7 categories, including 3 for IV therapy and 4 for failure in using or creating/updating the MAR.

An abstract mind is a principled one: Abstract mindset increases consistency in responses to political attitude scales

Past literature suggested that not everyone is politically sophisticated. In the current research, it is proposed that an experimental manipulation of abstract mindset would decrease variation in responses to political attitude scales and render individuals more internally consistent in their political attitudes. Three hypotheses are proposed: (1) Abstract mindset would lower within-subject standard deviations (SDs) and increase Cronbach's alphas in responses to political attitude scales; (2) decrease in SDs could not be attributed to a response bias; and (3) abstract mindset would lower SDs even after controlling for differences in mean scores on those scales. In seven experiments, five different paradigms were used to manipulate abstractness and four different political scales were used as dependent measures on samples from two distinct cultures (US and Turkey). Analyses of individual studies and an aggregate analysis of combined data supported all hypotheses and showed that abstract mindset decreases SDs and increases Cronbach's alpha scores in self-reported political attitudes. Results suggest that abstract mindset enhances apparent political sophistication by highlighting core political beliefs behind different attitudinal statements. Implications for construal level theory and political sophistication research are discussed.

A dynamic model of the invalid vote: How a changing candidate menu shapes null voting behavior

Existing scholarship attributes invalid voting to independent variables that are largely time invariant (e.g., levels of education, political institutions). Yet, rates of invalid voting vary widely across countries and over time. In this paper, I argue that dynamic features of political competition (e.g., the number of candidates competing) affect invalid voting in presidential elections in predictable ways. High levels of candidates should have a positive association with invalid voting, as voters frustrated by the status quo opt out of the process when political options are confusing or objectionable. Yet, positive change in the number of candidates ought to reduce null voting, as the entry of more candidates presents new options over which to cast valid ballots. I test these expectations, and find support for them, in multivariate analyses of aggregate electoral data from the Latin American region for 1982–2015.

Open Science for English Historical Corpus Linguistics

This paper discusses the development of an open-access resource that can be used as a baseline for new corpus-linguistic research into the history of English: the Language Change Database (LCD). The LCD draws together information extracted from hundreds of corpus-based articles that investigate the ways in which English has changed in the course of history. The database includes annotated summaries of the articles, as well as numerical data extracted from the articles and transformed into machine-readable form, thus providing scholars of English with the opportunity to study fundamental questions about the nature, rate and direction of language change. It will also make the work done in the field more cumulative by ensuring that the research community will have continuous access to existing results and research data. We will also introduce a tool that takes advantage of this new source of structured research data. The LCD Aggregated Data Analysis workbench (LADA) makes use of annotated versions of the numerical data available from the LCD and provides a workflow for performing meta-analytical experimentations with an aggregated set of data tables from multiple publications. Combined with the LCD as the source of collaborative, trusted and curated linked research data, the LADA meta-analysis tool demonstrates how open data can be used in innovative ways to support new research through data-driven aggregation of empirical findings in the context of historical linguistics.

Ruhestandsmigration und Reurbanisierung

In the debate about recent trends in elderly migration in Germany a controversy arose about a possible change of patterns. With respect to former generations of retired persons many studies (in different countries) gave evidence of the fact that a change of residence in retirement in many instances was a ‘counterurbanisation’. On balance the elderly population left the central cities of agglomerations and went to the peripheral regions or more generally from urban to rural regions. At issue is now whether this pattern of retirement migration still exists or whether seniors nowadays move into the cities as well. In the media, in politics and in real estate business the suspected trend is often treated as a matter of fact, but empirical evidence is still rare. The study presented here investigates the suspected change towards reurbanisation in retirement migration with an analysis of aggregate data. The data base INKAR (indicators and maps of spacial and urban development) is used to examine developments from 1995 to 2012. The results show that there is indeed a structural transformation of elderly migration in Germany. The urban out-migration of seniors has decreased considerably and more and more big cities (especially in East Germany) turn up with a surplus of in-migration of older adults.