Change and continuity The rate of change in primary care has never been so fast. And yet in some essential themes, continuity stretches back even beyond Bevan. Witness recent patients’ associations’ responses to the NHS National Plan (Department of Health, 2000a) which, in common with many ‘listening exercises’ (eg Department of Health, 1996), have stressed the crucial importance to individuals and families of the GP consultation. We know from mental health service users that they share those priorities. Witness also the National Plan’s concerns regarding single-handed practice: again, rightly or wrongly, continuing a line of dialogue that stretches back some considerable time. While some fundamentals remain consistent, primary care services are changing at a dramatic rate. For professionals and managers working in mental health services much of this change may be invisible and sometimes it is alarming. Despite real willingness in some areas to work together, frequently we see a ‘culture gap’ between those people working in mental health and those in primary care. This may raise obstacles to collaboration, and lead to misunderstandings. ‘Registers’, ‘urgent’, and ‘patient’ are all words that can carry quite different meanings, associations and values for primary care and mental health professionals. New primary care organisations, PCGs and primary care teams (PCTs), may, as they become engaged with the mental health agenda, offer a way into energetic and focused dialogue that will start to close that culture gap. But most are working flat out, with minimal infrastructure, across the widest gamut of clinical and organisational issues, so we can’t expect a quick miracle! But perhaps awareness of some of the key change themes in primary care may help to facilitate understanding. General practice itself is changing and many practitioners in primary care are raising fundamental questions about its role. General practice care becomes ever more organised and, while opportunistically using demand-led consultations to achieve a range of health care targets, remains a key skill. Structured, proactive care is increasingly promoted. Thus the National Service Framework for coronary heart disease (CHD) requires that GPs establish registers of diagnosed patients and effective call and recall systems, and that they work to guidelines ensuring that appropriate advice and interventions are offered wherever needed (Department of Health, 2000b). The Framework for CHD illustrates another pertinent point – the increasing importance of the ‘team’ and the consequent growing role of GPs in managing and supervising care rather than providing it. In CHD, in many parts of the country, additional funding is allowing practice nurses and nurse practitioners to play an important role in developing basic care and more sophisticated multi-practice cardiac prevention clinics, working to agreed protocols with medical support. Similarly, some of the earlier Total Purchasing Pilots (TPPs) developed multidisciplinary interagency care-planning mechanisms for older people, carrying the concept of ‘team’ one stage further, and bringing it into practices. These examples suggest that we need to think carefully about the extra resources general practice may need to develop structured mental health care