Agency Organization Research Articles

Telaah Hukum Islam terhadap Asuransi BPJS: Perspektif Maqasid al-Shariah dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan

This study aims to analyze the suitability of the Health Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS) in Indonesia with the principles of Islamic law, especially in the perspective of Maqasid al- Shariah. Maqasid al-Shariah focuses on maintaining the five main aspects of life: religion, soul, mind, offspring, and property. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach, which examines aspects of BPJS operations such as contracts, fund management, and penalty policies, as well as their impact on Muslim communities. The research findings show that BPJS Kesehatan can support the Maqasid al-Shariah objectives in protecting the soul (hifz al-nafs) and property (hifz al- mal), but there are some technical aspects that need to be adjusted to sharia principles, such as the late payment penalty mechanism and fund management. In this context, solutions based on tabarru' (grant) contracts, ta'widh (compensation), and the application of waqf as an alternative financing can be steps that are in accordance with Islamic law. This research provides an important contribution to the development of BPJS policies that are more inclusive and fair, while reflecting sharia values in Indonesia's social security system.

Conceptual principles of defining tasks and functions of law enforcement bodies in the system of state power: theoretical and legal dimension

The article provides a comprehensive theoretical and legal analysis of the tasks and functions of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine through the prism of doctrinal research. Scientific approaches to defining the system of tasks of law enforcement agencies and their functional purpose in the state mechanism are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the problem of the lack of a single normative definition of the term «law enforcement agencies» and clear criteria for assigning state agencies to the category of law enforcement agencies. Various scientific classifications of the tasks of law enforcement agencies were studied, in particular the approaches of V. Belousa, V. Dyachenko, O. Muzychuka, I. Marochkina and V. Afanasyev. Based on their analysis, it was determined that the main tasks of law enforcement agencies are: protection of the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, protection of the constitutional order, combating crime, protection of the economic interests of the state and improvement of law enforcement activities. The expediency of differentiating the tasks of law enforcement bodies into primary ones that need to be performed exclusively by professional workers, and secondary ones that can be delegated to public formations is substantiated. The article analyzes the specifics of the relationship between law enforcement and judicial activities, particularly in the historical context. Attention is focused on the need for a clear distinction between the functions of justice and law enforcement in a modern legal state. It has been established that the formation of the tasks of law enforcement agencies is determined by a number of objective factors, in particular, the needs of the population, the level of development of society, the economic capabilities of the state, and the professional level of civil servants. It was determined that the main tasks of the law enforcement system of the state are fundamental goals in the organization and activities of law enforcement agencies, aimed at ensuring the security and protection of the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, protecting the legitimate interests of the state and society, preserving state sovereignty and territorial integrity, creating effective mechanisms for restoring violated rights and freedoms.

Collective Agency in Reparation Politics: A Contentious Politics Perspective on Victim Mobilisation in Northern Ireland

ABSTRACT This article contributes to a better understanding of the collective agency of survivor organisations in Transitional Justice (TJ) processes by studying their claims for reparations as contentious politics. Examining two different survivor groups in Northern Ireland, we argue that applying concepts from social movement theory to understand victim groups in TJ is valuable in four ways: Firstly, it facilitates an analytical assessment of how and why survivors organise, and allows to systematically unravel the factors impacting mobilisation. Secondly, approaching survivor groups as strategic political actors engaged in contentious politics shifts the focus back to their agency as drivers of TJ. Thirdly, it helps to understand survivor groups “from within” and reveals the diversity and complexity of survivors’ identities, strategies and demands in transitional settings. Lastly, focusing on survivors’ collective agency helps to move beyond a liberal human-rights based approach to victim organisations and to consider groups acting within different moral frameworks.

The development of international civil liability legal regime for nuclear damage and their inspiration for domestic law-making

As International Atomic Energy Agency has stated in its Handbook on Nuclear Law, “Even in situations for which the highest standard of safety has been achieved, the occurrence of nuclear accidents cannot be completely excluded.” Therefore, the international legal framework for nuclear damage compensation liability has been evolving since the establishment of Nuclear Energy Agency of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD NEA) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Over the years, various international treaties have been enacted to address the compensation of nuclear damage and to establish liability regimes for nuclear incidents. To date, these treaties have established a series of legal principles of nuclear damage liability, such as the sole liability principle, the strict liability principle, the financial guarantee principle etc., which have been developing since establishment. This paper offers an overview of the historical development of the principles of these international treaties for nuclear damage liability and thus draws upon both primary and secondary sources, including treaties, official documents, academic literature, and reports by international organizations. Including the legislation study methodology, comparative methodology is also adopted in this paper to analyze the changes and trend of these principles. The paper reveals that the Paris Convention, which was established in 1960, was the first attempt to establish a comprehensive legal regime for nuclear damage liability. Most of the principles of this Convention have been inherited by subsequent international treaties and domestic legislations. With the awareness of protecting public’s rights having been significantly strengthened, the range of compensation has been broader, the matters of immunity from liability for operators of nuclear power plants have been reduced, the limitation of the compensation amount has been higher etc. In conclusion, the international legal regime for nuclear damage liability has been showing a shift from protecting the development of the nuclear industry to a joint protection of both public health and rights and the nuclear industry, which should be paid attention to and deeply learnt by domestic legislators of all states for the establishment and perfection of their domestic legislation in this field.

Bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on the use of suppositories in the treatment of prostate cancer patients

Nowadays, cancer remains one of the main causes of death worldwide. Statistical data from various literary sources indicate that more than 130,000 people in Ukraine receive this diagnosis as a sentence every year. Cancer can affect any organs of the human body and, over time, the entire organism. In 2024, the agency of the World Health Organization on cancer and the International Agency of Cancer Research published the latest statistical estimates of this pathology in a global format, where prostate cancer is among the five most common oncological pathologies and takes the fourth place. Oncological diseases are one of the priority areas of healthcare development in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 1832 dated 07.10.2022 “On Approval of Priority Areas of Healthcare Development for 2023–2025”. It was this fact that determined the choice of the direction of this research in the matter of finding information on the provision of pharmaceutical care, namely the use of a drug – a rectal suppository for the treatment of prostate cancer. The aim of the work is to carry out a bibliometric analysis and further generalize the data of the scientific literature to study the prognostic value and features of the prescription of suppositories in the treatment of prostate cancer. Materials and methods. The data search was conducted in the PubMed electronic database using the following key terms: “prostate cancer and suppositories”, “prostate cancer”. To monitor and analyze international scientific research, with the help of visualization tools and modern SciVal citation metrics using the online platform, bibliometric analysis can be performed. Using the VOSviewer functional program, bibliometric networks were constructed and visualized. Results. A map of the relationships between the most used keywords on the topics of “prostate cancer” and “prostate cancer and suppositories”, grouped into clusters for the period from 1986 to 2024, was built. The clustering of the most used keywords on the subject of “prostate cancer” for the specified period is summarized. According to the bibliographic analysis, interest in the above topic was highest in 2014 and 2021. Conclusions. According to the bibliographic analysis, the interest in the subject of the patients’ treatment with prostate cancer disease continues to grow from 1998 up to the present. The analysis of publication activity using the visualization tool of bibliometric networks VOSviewer for the period from 2014 to 2024 for the key words “prostate cancer” has shown the presence of 14 clusters. The largest cluster is devoted to modern methods of prostate cancer treatment, studies of gene rearrangement, target therapy, carcinogenesis.

Analisis Sistem Pengawasan MUI Terhadap Sertifikat Halal pada UMKM di Kota Surakarta

This study aims to analyze the role of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) in supervising the halal certification process for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Surakarta City. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, involving MSME actors, MUI Surakarta officers, and a number of related documents. The results of the study indicate that MUI has an important role in ensuring the halalness of products and increasing consumer confidence. Initially, halal certification was issued by MUI Surakarta, but now the authority has been transferred to the Halal Product Guarantee Organizing Agency (BPJPH) under the Ministry of Religion. However, MUI still has a role in supervision through its fatwas and monitoring of products in circulation. MSMEs in Surakarta face challenges in obtaining halal certification, such as limited resources and knowledge of certification procedures. However, halal certification not only benefits consumers, but also producers, because products with a halal label can increase customer trust and loyalty. The effectiveness of the MUI supervision system in Surakarta already has a strong foundation, but there is still a need for improvement, especially in facing the challenges of the digital era and dynamic regulatory changes. This study presents a new approach with a focus on the analysis of the MUI supervision system for halal certification of MSMEs in Surakarta based on product identification, type, nature, and characteristics. The final result is that the role of MUI in facilitating and supervising the halal certification process is very important to improve the effectiveness of supervision and facilitate MSME access to halal certification. This study provides valuable insights for policy makers and halal industry players in improving the effectiveness of supervision and facilitating MSME access to halal certification.

PENERAPAN SISTEM AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH di BPKAD PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

The purpose of this research is to examine the implementation of the Regional Financial Accounting System BPKAD of Central Java Province based on the quality of the Central Java Provincial Government’s financial reports, the Regional Financial Accounting System and the internal control of the Regional Government of Central Java Province. The Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) of Central Java Province was formed based on the Regional Regulation of the Province of Central Java Number 9 of 2022 dated 9 November 2022 concerning the Formation and Composition of Regional Apparatus of the Province of Central Java and Governor Regulation Number 82 of 2022 dated 15 December 2022 concerning Organization and Administration of Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency of Central Java Province. The respondents in this study were employees or staff in the finance or accounting department at SKPD Central Java Province as many as 48 respondents. The results of this study, the suitability of the Financial Accounting System with the Financial Accounting Standards, obtained an average respondent’s answer of 4.4166, which means that the suitability of the Financial Accounting System with Financial Accounting Standards is good. Accounting recording procedures with Financial Accounting Recording with 4 question items, 48 ​​respondents also gave good answers, with an average answer of 4,6666. The making of periodic reports of Financial reports from 48 respondents with 4 question items also gave good results, with an average of 4.5103 respondents’ answers. The description of the quality of the financial statements is also good viewed from a reliable, relevant, understandable, and comparable perspective because the average respondent’s answer is 4,171 with 11 question items

Travel Agency Companies Under Environmental Uncertainty: Multiple Strategic Orientation and Performance

The global pandemic has significantly impacted the economy, tourism industry, and its supporting industries. Many market areas of the tourism industry, including hotels, restaurants, and travel agents, have reached a point of saturation. To better understand how environmental uncertainty affects travel agency performance, this research will investigate the organizational strategic orientation's mediating impact. A questionnaire is used to gather the data, which is subsequently subjected to PLS-SEM analysis. The population consisted of travel agent’s manager across Indonesia, from which 75 were selected using purposive sampling. According to the findings, technology uncertainty affects the strategic orientation that organizations choose, and this includes entrepreneurial and market orientations, which might affect the learning orientation and organizational performance of travel agency organizations

Legality - Theory and Practice

Legality is a multifaceted, complex legal phenomenon. This phenomenon is central to legal theory and can be considered from many different aspects: political - ideological, economic - social, ethical, and legal. Law is the method of organizing and exercising state power, the principles of organization and operation of agencies, organizations, officials, civil servants, and the behavior of individuals. Today, under the impact of the market economy, misconducts, corruption, and legal violations tend to increase, so it is necessary to apply synchronous solutions to strengthen the legality

Assessing Organizations as Responsible Entities Adequately. A Practice-Based Approach to Organizational Agency

Assessing Organizations as Responsible Entities Adequately. A Practice-Based Approach to Organizational Agency

Organizational Commitment as an Intervening Variable in the Effect of Empowerment, Incentives and Self Efficacy on Employee Performance

Badan Kepegawaian Negara (BKN) are an organization of government agencies operating in the field of public service with a unique context as well as regulations and policies on public service management. The high performance of officials is crucial to government agencies. Staff performance is a qualitative and quantitative measure of work performance and work outcomes based on the standard of work achieved by employees per unit of time in performing work in accordance with the assigned responsibilities. The study aims to look at the impact of empowerment, incentives, self-effectiveness, and organizational commitments on staff performance, the influence of empowering, incentive, and self effectiveness in relation to organization commitments, as well as the effect of empoverment, motivation, and Self-effictiveness on employee performance with the intervening variable of organizational engagement. This is a quantitative descriptive study, with respondents of 90 BKN employees, using questionnaires as a basis for data assumption as well as data analysis using SmartPLS software. The results of the analysis show that empowerment, incentives, self efficacy, and commitment of the organization have a positive and significant impact on the performance of the staff, the influence of empowering, incentive, and self effecacy have a significant and positive effect on the organization's commitment, and empowerement, the incentive has an impact on staff's performance with the commitment organiassi as a variable part mediation, and the self efficiency on staff performance with organizational commitmentasi as a full mediation variable.

Analysis of the Influence of Servant Leadership Style, Interpersonal Communication, and Work Motivation on the Organizational Commitment of Employees of Sukodono District

The Sukodono District Office is an agency organization engaged in government institutions, the Sukodono District Office has a role in community services and village development in the Sukodono District area. The Sukodono District Office has employees consisting of several parts of the work field. This study aims to determine the influence of servant leadership style, interpersonal communication, and work motivation on the organizational commitment of employees in Sukodono District. This research focuses on Sukodono District employees. The population in the study is employees who work at the Sukodono District Office. The sample was obtained through the saturated sample technique by obtaining 41 respondents. The data analysis technique used in this study is Partial Least Square (PLS), with validity tests, reliability tests, and hypothesis tests. The results of the study show that Servant Leadership Style has a positive effect on Organizational Commitment, Interpersonal Communication has a positive effect on Organizational Commitment, and Work Motivation has a positive effect on Organizational Commitment.

Paperwork as statecraft: documents, politics, and bureaucratic agency in street-level organisations

Are bureaucratic institutions simply hollowed-out instruments of autocratisation, meaning they merely execute the orders of ­populist-authoritarian actors? If not, how do they deal with the destabilisations of autocratisation? Drawing on a study of street-level bureaucracies in contemporary Turkey, this article contributes to ongoing debates on the (un)makings of autocratisation and its limits through its focus on the role played by documents in everyday bureaucratic praxis. The findings highlight that bureaucracies do not simply operate in a top-down manner with bureaucrats having little to no space for manoeuvre. On the contrary, documents generate ambiguities and anxieties that civil servants strategically deploy through their incessant translations, negotiations, subversion, countercurrents, contestations and resistances to constrain and rebuke autocratisation. In doing so, the article demonstrates the limits of autocratisation in Turkey, and traces how such large-scale transformations are experienced from within state institutions, and how they unlock the agentive potential for the stakeholders, such as bureaucrats. The article challenges conventional discussions across political science through its attendance to the countercurrents and resistance from within the state, rendering the state not as a coherent, homogeneous entity but more as an incessantly rearticulated relationality.

Urgensi Sertifikasi Produk Halal Perspektif Maqasid Al-Syariah Al-Ghazali

Maqasid Al-Syariah is the initial gateway that must be passed in order for Islam to become a religion that is able to realize benefits and implement its expectations as a religion that is relevant to current developments. To realize benefits in the form of a halal lifestyle, a guarantee is needed that covers all needs for a halal lifestyle. In Indonesia, to realize this guarantee, a law was issued requiring all products in circulation to be halal certified by BPJPH (Halal Product Guarantee Organizing Agency). This research aims to describe the objectives and wisdom of establishing mandatory rules for halal product certification using Al-Ghazali's maqasid al-syariah theory. This research is a type of qualitative library research (library study) which is carried out by collecting data and information from various sources contained in the literature. This research results in the conclusion that the obligation to certify halal products is oriented towards Al-Ghazali's maqasid al-syariah, namely bringing benefit and rejecting harm. Halal product certification is included in maqasid al-syariah which is related to religion and the world and is based on five principles of benefit, namely protecting religion, soul, reason, lineage and property.

유보통합 정책을 위한 전문가 사회요구도 조사연구

This study investigated the social demands of experts in setting the policy direction for convergence of Confucianism. The subjects were public and private kindergartens, workers at national and public daycare centers, and academic experts located across the country. The research method was to analyze a total of 2,246 questionnaires from a randomly selected sample. As a result of the study, first, the administrative central ministries that were divided into the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health and Welfare were integrated into the Ministry of Education. Second, in the qualifications required for kindergarten and integrated teachers, the current kindergarten teachers and childcare teachers are mixed depending on the type of program, and the university obtains teacher qualifications. An opinion was presented to divide the students into levels according to their educational background. Third, among the stakeholders who benefited from the consolidation of kindergartens, parents appeared to be the most likely. Fourth, the response was that the integration of kindergartens should be preceded by the integration of the administrative organization of central government agencies. Fifth, as a result of analyzing the names and operation directions of infants and toddlers according to the integration of kindergartens, the method of separating children by age during the integration of kindergartens It was said that children aged 3 to 5 were separated. Sixth, opinions on the name of the integrated kindergarten were answered in the following order: infant school, children's school, and play school. The conclusion of the study is that in order to promote kindergarten integration, it is necessary to provide high-quality education and childcare services that make infants and toddlers happy by considering the opinions of various stakeholders.

Potential Integration Of Machine Learning Algorithm And Manufacturing Execution System In The Lean Six Sigma Method To Improve Operational Excellence At ABC Farma Company

This research focuses on the implementation of Operational Excellence (OE) in the pharmaceutical industry, especially in companies that transformed from PT Askes (Persero) to the Health Insurance Organizing Agency (BPJS). One approach adopted is Lean Six Sigma (LSS) which is supported by the Manufacturing Execution System (MES) to improve the efficiency and quality of the production process. This research takes a case study on product A with a focus on improvements to hardness issues. Through the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) stages, traditional methods and advanced analysis based on Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are used to improve production processes. The results showed success in achieving significant improvements in the productivity index and quality of product A production processes, making a valuable contribution in the context of Operational Excellence research in the pharmaceutical industry. The LSS method, which has been modified by integrating with ML algorithms and MES, provides productivity aspects consisting of LT, PCE and TD, as well as quality aspects consisting of better Pp, Ppk and sigma levels. The modified LSS method also provides the potential for COGM savings of 2,66 billion Rupiah and reduces the risk of production process failure to less than 200 batches for every 1 million production batches. Based on this, it can be concluded that the development of the Lean Six Sigma method which has been integrated with ML and MES algorithms has the positive potential to increase OE at ABC Farma.

Antenatal Care: A Comparative Review of Guidelines.

Antenatal care plays a crucial role in safely monitoring and ensuring the well-being of both the mother and the fetus during pregnancy, ultimately leading to the best possible perinatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to review and compare the most recently published guidelines on antenatal care. A descriptive review of guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, the Public Health Agency of Canada, the World Health Organization, and the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists regarding antenatal care was conducted. There is a consensus among the reviewed guidelines regarding the necessary appointments during the antenatal period, the proper timing for induction of labor, the number and frequency of laboratory examinations for the assessment of mother's well-being, and management strategies for common physiological problems during pregnancy, such as nausea and vomiting, heartburn, pelvic pain, leg cramps, and symptomatic vaginal discharge. In addition, special consideration should be given for mental health issues and timely referral to a specialist, reassurance of complete maternal vaccination, counseling for safe use of medical agents, and advice for cessation of substance, alcohol, and tobacco use during pregnancy. Controversy surrounds clinical evaluation during the antenatal period, particularly when it comes to the routine use of an oral glucose tolerance test and symphysis-fundal height measurement for assessing fetal growth, whereas routine cardiotocography and fetal movement counting are suggested practices only by Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Of note, recommendations on nutritional interventions and supplementation are offered only by Public Health Agency of Canada and World Health Organization, with some minor discrepancies in the optimal dosage. Antenatal care remains a critical factor in achieving positive outcomes, but there are variations depending on the socioeconomic status of each country. Therefore, the establishment of consistent international protocols for optimal antenatal care is of utmost importance. This can help provide safe guidance for healthcare providers and, consequently, improve both maternal and fetal outcomes.

Completeness of Filling Out Medical Record Documents and the Accuracy of Codes at Reksodiwiryo Hospital

A hospital is an institution whose primary function is to provide health services to the community. One of the government's efforts to provide health services to the community is implementing the National Health Insurance Program (JKN), which the Social Security Program Organizing Agency organizes in the health sector. This research analyzed the factors associated with delays in BPJS claims at Dr. Hospital. Reksodiwiryo Padang. This research was a descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design. The research showed that six medical record files (6.5%) had inaccurate codes, while 86 (93.5%) used the correct ones. In addition, 91 files (98.9%) of inpatient medical records needed to be completed, and only one file (1.1%) was completed. Inaccuracy in diagnostic coding affects delays in submitting claims at Dr. Hospital. Reksodiwiryo Padang. It is hoped that officers can understand the coding rules based on ICD-10 for diagnoses and ICD-9 CM for actions or procedures to guarantee the quality of service at the hospital.

Are Artificial Sweeteners A Public Health Hazard?

It was a shocking news for all of us in India that a 10 year old Patiala girl Manvi died after consuming a cake on her birthday ordered from a local bakery through a food delivery app. Some media reports have blamed high level of saccharine in the cake.(1) According to another media report Health Minister of Punjab has ordered enquiry on her death. Whatever may have been the reason for this unfortunate event one thing is for sure that there is going to be a review/debate about the safety of these artificial sweeteners which are routinely added to various fast foods to enhance their taste including many soft drinks. Some of the commonly used artificial sweeteners are – aspartame, saccharine, sucralose, neotame, acesulfame-K, and stevia. Recently a news was published in Times of India - ‘Artificial Sweetener in sodas possibly carcinogenic: WHO’.(2) In this article it was written that – “World Health Organisation agency declared on Thursday that aspartame, an artificial sweetener widely used in diet drinks and low sugar foods could possibly cause cancer. The declaration by WHO agency of a cancer risk associated with aspartame reflects the first time the prominent international body has weighed in publicly on the effects of nearly ubiquitous artificial sweetener. Aspartame has been a contentious ingredient for decades.”

Revolutionary Movements in the 20th Century: A Comparative Analysis in USA

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate revolutionary movements in the 20th century: a comparative analysis. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Revolutionary movements in the 20th century, such as the Russian Revolution, the Chinese Communist Revolution, and the Cuban Revolution, each aimed to overthrow existing regimes and establish socialist states. Led by figures like Lenin, Mao Zedong, and Fidel Castro, these movements varied in their approaches and outcomes, yet all significantly impacted global politics and ideologies. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Dependency theory, social movement theory & world-systems theory may be used to anchor future studies on revolutionary movements in the 20th century: a comparative analysis. Recognize the agency of grassroots movements and civil society organizations in driving revolutionary change, and support initiatives that empower marginalized communities to articulate their grievances and pursue social justice. Prioritize policies that address the underlying socio-economic inequalities, political repression, and cultural marginalization that often fuel revolutionary movements, focusing on poverty reduction, social welfare, and inclusive development.