Oxidative Stress Agents Research Articles

Phytotoxicity Stress Induced by Allelochemicals from Foliar Spray of Sida cordifolia Methanol Leaf Extract on Ageratum conyzoides and Oryza sativa

Allelochemicals are key inhibitors that induce chemical stress in plants. Their mechanisms as agents of oxidative stress are not well understood. A field study was conducted to evaluate herbicidal potential of Sida cordifolia methanol leaf extract (SCLE) on Ageratum conyzoides and Oryza sativa (weedy rice). SCLE concentrations of 0, 3, 6 and 9 g L-1 were prepared and sprayed twice at 7 days interval. The results showed that the SCLE significantly (p<0.05) affected growth attributes, chlorophyll pigments, and proline, and catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzyme activities in a concentration-dependent pattern. It was found that high concentrations of SCLE induced greater phytotoxicity against A. conyzoides compared to O. sativa. SCLE spraying stimulated production of reactive oxygen species, boosting their ability to cause damage and inhibit growth. The allelochemicals in the extract stimulated an increased in the level of proline, which is an indicator of oxidative stress. Understanding the physiological and biochemical responses to Sida extract can improve our knowledge on allelochemical target sites and help us to explicate the mechanisms of action of such compounds.

DbGTi protein attenuates chromium (VI)-induced oxidative stress via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larval model

Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) contamination poses a significant threat to environmental and human health due to its ability to induce oxidative stress. Conventional strategies to counter Cr (VI)-induced oxidative stress, like antioxidants and chelating agents, face efficacy limitations and adverse effects. The present study is intended to counteract the limitations of conventional strategies by introducing a trypsin inhibitor isolated from Dioscorea bulbifera L. tubers, known as DbGTi protein, against Cr (VI)-induced developmental toxicity and oxidative stress. Through a comprehensive array of biochemical assays, behavioural tests, and gene expression analyses, this study interprets the underlying mechanisms of the DbGTi protein. Results demonstrated that the DbGTi protein effectively restored antioxidant defense systems, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GTPx), thereby mitigating cellular damage, reducing cell death, and enhancing neuro-biomarkers. qRT-PCR analysis of mRNA expression profiling revealed the upregulation of genes associated with antioxidant defense (sod, cat, gpx) and defense pathway (nrf2, hmox-1a), further highlighting the protective effects of DbGTi protein against Cr (VI)-induced oxidative stress.

Investigating the Effects of Chelidonic Acid on Oxidative Stress-Induced Premature Cellular Senescence in Human Skin Fibroblast Cells.

This study investigated the effects of chelidonic acid (CA) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced cellular senescence in human skin fibroblast cells (BJ). Cellular senescence is a critical mechanism that is linked to age-related diseases and chronic conditions. CA, a γ-pyrone compound known for its broad pharmacological activity, was assessed for its potential to mitigate oxidative stress and alter senescence markers. A stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) model was designed in BJ fibroblast cells using the oxidative stress agent H2O2. After this treatment, cells were treated with CA, and the potential effect of CA on senescence was evaluated using senescence-related β-galactosidase, 4',6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), acridine-orange staining (AO), comet assay, molecular docking assays, gene expression, and protein analysis. These results demonstrate that CA effectively reduces senescence markers, including senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, DNA damage, lysosomal activity, and oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde. Molecular docking revealed CA's potential interactions with critical proteins involved in senescence signalling pathways, suggesting mechanisms by which CA may exert its effects. Gene expression and protein analyses corroborated the observed anti-senescent effects, with CA modulating p16, p21, and pRB1 expressions and reducing oxidative stress markers. In conclusion, CA appeared to have senolytic and senomorphic potential in vitro, which could mitigate and reverse SIPS markers in BJ fibroblasts.

Exploring sesquiterpene lactone as a dual therapeutic agent for diabetes and oxidative stress: insights into PI3K/AKT modulation.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04050-2.

Influence of hydroxyl group density in propane alcohols-based deep eutectic solvents: Physicochemical properties and potential application as an extraction medium for bioactive compounds

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) composed of citric acid monohydrate (CAM) as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and alcohol as hydrogen bond donor (HBD) were used for separating bioactive compounds from star anise. This study prepared three propane alcohols-based DES with different hydroxyl (OH) group densities in HBD. FTIR analysis verified the presence of hydrogen bond interactions between HBA and HBD, which strengthened with increasing the OH group densities. Increasing the OH group density in DES exhibited lower water content, but higher thermal stability, higher density, higher viscosity as well as enhanced the water absorption rate. All of the propane alcohols-based DES were miscible in high and semi-polar solvents as well as it also displayed frequency independence characteristics. Moreover, propane alcohols-based DES efficiently extracted bioactive compounds from star anise with high total phenolic and flavonoid contents more than traditional solvents. High bioactive phenolic and flavonoid contents in star anise extracts were the major contributors to potent antioxidant activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, 84.50 %), azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS, 85.73 %), and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP, 3.74 mM FeSO4). Therefore, DES was suggested to be a promising extraction medium for valuable bioactive compounds from natural sources that could be utilized as therapeutic agent for oxidative stress.

Photoactive Dye‐Loaded Polymer Materials: A New Cutting Edge for Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy

AbstractHealthcare‐associated infections remain a significant health concern, particularly with the emergence of antibiotic resistance. While these antibiotics have saved countless lives, their overuse reduces their efficacy promoting the emergence of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria. This prompts researchers to explore new alternatives for treating bacteria proliferation. In this context, antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has emerged as a promising approach for treating localized infections. It utilizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) as oxidative stress agents, thereby minimizing the risk of developing MDR. The success of aPDT significantly hinges on the careful selection of photosensitizers (PSs) and polymer matrices for the synthesis of polymer‐based photoactive materials. Various light‐absorbing PSs are therefore designed for enhancing ROS production and antimicrobial efficacy. By incorporating PSs into polymer matrices, these materials can harness the light power to generate ROS, destroying bacterial cells upon irradiation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of advancements in this field, specifically focusing on the use of polymer‐based materials. The mechanism of the four main ROS generated in aPDT, the methods used for their detection, and their mode of action against bacteria has been outlined. The recent improvement in polymer‐based aPDT materials and their antibacterial efficacy have been also addressed.

Exploring the Potential Hepatoprotective Properties of Cactus (Cactaceae) in Liver Health and Disease Management: A Brief Review

Cacti are renowned for their resilience in arid environments and have been utilized as a valuable food source in various cultures for centuries. The potential effects of cactus (Cactaceae) consumption on liver health have garnered significant scientific interest in recent years. This review aimed to consolidate and analyze existing research findings regarding the relationship between cactus-derived compounds and their influence on liver function and health. Various cactus species, particularly Opuntia spp., are rich reservoirs of antioxidants, polyphenols, flavonoids, and betalains. In vitro and in vivo studies with animal models have shown that bioactive constituents of cactus exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antifibrotic properties, which potentially mitigate liver damage induced by oxidative stress, inflammation, and hepatotoxic agents. Understanding their mechanisms of action and conducting rigorous clinical studies with administration of cactus will ascertain their role in preventing and treating liver ailments, offering novel avenues in nutrition, hepatology, and natural medicine.

Genome-Wide Identification of SNARE Family Genes and Functional Characterization of an R-SNARE Gene BbSEC22 in a Fungal Insect Pathogen Beauveria bassiana.

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are central components of the machinery mediating cell membrane fusion and intracellular vesicular trafficking in eukaryotic cells, and have been well-documented to play critical roles in growth, development, and pathogenesis in the filamentous fungal plant pathogens. However, little is known about the contributions of SNAREs to the physiology and biocontrol potential in entomopathogenic filamentous fungi. Here, a genome-wide analysis of SNARE genes was performed taking advantage of the available whole genome sequence of Beauveria bassiana, a classical entomopathogenic fungus. Based on the compared genomic method, 22 genes encoding putative SNAREs were identified from the whole genome of B. bassiana, and were classified into four groups (7 Qa-, 4 Qb-, 6 Qc-, and 5 R-SNAREs) according to the conserved structural features of their encoding proteins. An R-SNARE encoding gene BbSEC22 was further functionally characterized by gene disruption and complementation. The BbSEC22 null mutant showed a fluffy appearance in mycelial growth and an obvious lag in conidial germination. The null mutant also exhibited significantly increased sensitivity to oxidative stress and cell wall perturbing agents and reduced the yield of conidia production by 43.1% compared with the wild-type strain. Moreover, disruption of BbSEC22 caused a significant decrease in conidial virulence to Spodoptera litura larvae. Overall, our results provide an overview of vesicle trafficking in B. bassiana and revealed that BbSec22 was a multifunctional protein associated with mycelial growth, sporulation, conidial germination, stress tolerance, and insecticidal virulence.

Risk of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in SARS CoV-2 Patients.

Recent studies have found that a link between people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are at higher risk of morbidity as well as mortality from COVID-19 infection, indicating a need for vaccination. T1DM appears to impair innate and adaptive immunity. The overabundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines produced in COVID-19 illness that is severe and potentially fatal is known as a "cytokine storm." Numerous cohorts have revealed chronic inflammation as a key risk factor for unfavorable COVID-19 outcomes. TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1a, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and other cytokines were found in higher concentrations in patients with T1DM. Even more importantly, oxidative stress contributes significantly to the severity and course of COVID- 19's significant role in the progression and severity of COVID-19 diseases. Severe glucose excursions, a defining characteristic of type 1 diabetes, are widely recognized for their potent role as mediating agents of oxidative stress via several routes, such as heightened production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Furthermore, persistent endothelial dysfunction and hypercoagulation found in T1DM may impair microcirculation and endothelium, which could result in the development of various organ failure and acute breathing syndrome.

Physical Activity and Oxidative Stress in Aging.

Biological aging, characterized by changes in metabolism and physicochemical properties of cells, has an impact on public health. Environment and lifestyle, including factors like diet and physical activity, seem to play a key role in healthy aging. Several studies have shown that regular physical activity can enhance antioxidant defense mechanisms, including the activity of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. However, intense or prolonged exercise can also lead to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production temporarily, resulting in oxidative stress. This phenomenon is referred to as "exercise-induced oxidative stress". The relationship between physical activity and oxidative stress in aging is complex and depends on various factors such as the type, intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise, as well as individual differences in antioxidant capacity and adaptation to exercise. In this review, we analyzed what is reported by several authors regarding the role of physical activity on oxidative stress in the aging process as well as the role of hormesis and physical exercise as tools for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, an aging-related disease. Finally, we reported what has recently been studied in relation to the effect of physical activity and sport on aging in women.

Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antioxidant properties of extracts from leaves, stem-barks and roots of <i>Pterocarpus Erinaceus</i>

Oxidative stress is found to be associated with the etiology of several human diseases. Free radicals are the causative agent of oxidative stress, and can be scavenged by either natural (plants) or synthetic antioxidants. Synthetic antioxidants have some side effects which push a lot of research focuses on natural antioxidants. Pterocarpus erinaceus is a medicinal plant employed as traditional remedy for the treatment of several diseases associated with oxidative stress. This basis, the present study aimed at screening phytochemical and evaluating antioxidant properties of extracts from leaves, stem-barks and roots of Pterocarpus erinaceus. Leaves, stem-barks and roots of Pterocarpus erinaceous after collection were air-dried and pulverized. Each was extracted with methanol and the methanolic extracts were used. Phytochemicals were screened, in vitro, and in vivo antioxidant studies conducted. Rats were grouped into; Group 1: Normal control (liquid paraffin, vehicle 1 ml.kg), Group 2: Negative control (received 1 ml/kg CCl4), Group 3: Positive control (received 1ml/kg CCl4 +1 ml/kg Silymarin), Group 4-6: Extract treated rats (received 1 ml/kg CCl4 + varied doses of Extracts at 100, 200, and 400mg/kg body weight of rats). The treatment was done daily via oral means for 14 days. The results of the study showed Pterocarpus erinaceus rich in different phytochemicals which possess free radicals scavenging properties. In vivo study revealed that Pterocarpus erinaceus could ameliorate CCl4 toxicity in a way that seem to be via elevation of endogenous antioxidant activities. In conclusion, the leaves of Pterocarpus Erinaceus possessed more of the components rich with antioxidant properties hence its recommendation for further study to identify molecules enshrined therein.

Beyond boundaries: Neuroprotective effects of steroids and ecdysteroids in SH‐SY5Y cells ‐ A systematic review

AbstractSteroids and ecdysteroids have been shown to exhibit a range of biological effects, including anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective. This systematic review aims to highlight the evidence‐based neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of steroids and ecdysteroids in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on May 11, 2023, without publication source restrictions, using various electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Of 103 articles, only 20 studies were included for investigating the neuroprotective effects of steroids and ecdysteroids in SH‐SY5Y cells exposed to oxidative stress or neurotoxic agents. The risk of bias and quality assessment of the included studies were evaluated in accordance with the Nature Publication Quality Improvement Project specific criteria. The selected studies reported the antioxidant effects of the tested compounds on SH‐SY5Y cells and demonstrated their ability to scavenge free radicals and prevent lipid peroxidation. These findings suggest that neurosteroids have potential therapeutic applications for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by oxidative stress and neuronal damage. Some studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of steroids and ecdysteroids in SH‐SY5Y cells. These mechanisms include the activation of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and the modulation of various signaling pathways, including the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B and mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase pathways. This review provides evidence that the tested compounds have remarkable neuroprotective and antioxidant effects in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells.

Zingiber officinale ethanolic extract improved organs function in lipopolysaccharides-induced organ toxicity by modulating inflammation and oxidative stress in male rats

ABSTRACT Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the typical inflammatory and oxidative stress agent; ginger (Zingiber officinale) has long been utilized to treat inflammatory conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the possible therapeutic role of ginger extract (GE) against LPS-induced hepato-renal and testicular injury. Male rats received GE (150 mg/kg, orally, for 28 days) after the inflammation shock was provoked by a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS (5 mg/kg). Rats treated with LPS exhibited marked inflammation and oxidative stress, in addition to liver and kidney injury and disruption of male sex hormones. The treatment of LPS-injected rats with GE resulted in a remarkable return to normalcy of the oxidative stress in the rats, as evidenced by a notable decrease MDA and an amelioration of SOD and CAT activities. On the other hand, the rats administered LPS and GE had considerably decreased serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6, improvement in serum albumin, total bilirubin and ALT and AST activity, urea, creatinine, and uric acid as well as FSH and testosterone levels. This indicating improved liver, kidney and testicular functions. In conclusion, GE attenuates the inflammatory damage and oxidative stress caused by LPS, which helps to restore organ function.

Fetal anemia causes placental and maternal cellular damage: a lesson from fetal hemoglobin Bart's disease

IntroductionThe studies about effect of fetal anemia on placental and maternal molecular changes have rarely been published. This study aimed to compare oxidative stress levels and mitochondrial function in the placenta and maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PMBCs) between anemic fetuses (using fetal Hb Bart's disease as a study model) and non-anemic fetuses. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnancies affected by Hb Bart's disease and non-anemic fetuses between 16 and 22 weeks of gestation. Placental tissue and maternal blood for PBMCs were collected after pregnancy termination for determination of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. ResultsA total of 18 pregnancies affected by Hb Bart's disease and 12 non-anemic fetuses were enrolled. Placental thickness was significantly greater (p-value <0.001) in the affected pregnancies, whereas all Doppler indices of uteroplacental blood flow were comparable. Mitochondrial dysfunction was significantly increased (p-value <0.001) in the placenta of the affected fetuses. In the mothers of affected fetuses, there was an increase in mitochondrial oxidative stress levels with a significant increase in mitochondrial dysfunction in isolated PBMCs (p-value <0.001). DiscussionIn the presence of normal uteroplacental Doppler studies, fetal anemia can induce a significant increase in oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the placentas and mothers. The findings support that the placenta can be a source of oxidative stress agents which are released into systemic circulation prior to development of maternal adverse outcomes, and may explain pathophysiology of subsequent preeclampsia in late gestation, as commonly seen in pregnancies affected by fetal Hb Bart's disease, if pregnancy is not terminated.

Bioactive Lignan Honokiol Alleviates Ovarian Oxidative Stress in Aging Laying Chickens by Regulating SIRT3/AMPK Pathway.

Aging is not only a key internal cause of age-related diseases in humans but also poses a threat to the productivity of farm animals with longer breeding cycles, such as laying chickens. Various measures were taken to prolong the laying period by reducing oxidative stress to improve poultry ovarian functions. Within the mitochondria, SIRT3, a member of the Sirtuin family, plays an important role in post-translational modifications and the regulation of protein activities involved in energy metabolism and oxidative response. This study aimed to investigate the alleviating effect of a bioactive lignan Honokiol (HKL) on oxidative stress in aging chicken ovaries in order to retard decline in egg production. The results showed that HKL treatment restored the abnormal balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, and it enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the H2O2-induced small white follicles (SWFs) by activating the SIRT3/AMPK pathway. Moreover, HKL significantly increased total egg production, the number of yellow follicles, and the mRNA expression of yolk synthesis and deposition-related genes, serum estrogen, and antioxidant levels. These findings suggest that HKL holds promise in enhancing the egg productivity of aging laying chickens by promoting yolk deposition and reducing ovarian oxidative stress.

Life as Aftermath: Social Theory for an Age of Anthropogenic Biology

Anthropogenic pressures now shape the development, interrelations, and evolution of microbes, plants, animals, and humans. In an age of oxidative stress and failures of DNA repair, cytokine storms and microbial dysbiosis, social scientific theory stutters in the face of biological consequences of forces it masterfully detailed, from biopower to looping kinds. Concepts of the fallibility of knowledge from the unanticipated consequence to the wicked problem are too generic to fathom the nature of the living within reconfigured biotic-abiotic relations in the aftermath of industrialization. Working through examples—genetic modification in weed control, and solvents in cryobiology—this paper offers a novel analytic for anthropogenic biology specific to the relations between knowledge and life in the wake of the industrial twentieth century: a novel patterning of living matter and process from the molecular to the ecological arising with forms of biological control. Changes in pathogens and hosts, targets and bystanders are specific to the form of control but not anticipated by it, illegible within its originating logics. Hubris gone moldy, anthropogenic biology grows from forms of power that overestimate the comprehensiveness of their own efficacy, mistaking the ability to temporarily control living things for full knowledge of them.

Perineuronal nets as regulators of parvalbumin interneuron function: Factors implicated in their formation and degradation.

The brain extracellular matrix (ECM) has garnered increasing attention as a fundamental component of brain function in a predominantly "neuron-centric" paradigm. Particularly, the perineuronal nets (PNNs), a specialized net-like structure formed by ECM aggregates, play significant roles in brain development and physiology. PNNs enwrap synaptic junctions in various brain regions, precisely balancing new synaptic formation and long-term stabilization, and are highly dynamic entities that change in response to environmental stimuli, especially during the neurodevelopmental period. They are found mainly surrounding parvalbumin (PV)-expressing GABAergic interneurons, being proposed to promote PV interneuron maturation and protect them against oxidative stress and neurotoxic agents. This structural and functional proximity underscores the crucial role of PNNs in modulating PV interneuron function, which is critical for the excitatory/inhibitory balance and, consequently, higher-level behaviours. This review delves into the molecular underpinnings governing PNNs formation and degradation, elucidating their functional interactions with PV interneurons. In the broader physiological context and brain-related disorders, we also explore their intricate relationship with other molecules, such as reactive oxygen species and metalloproteinases, as well as glial cells. Additionally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for modulating PNNs in brain disorders.

The New Nano-Resuscitation Solution (TPP-MR) Attenuated Myocardial Injury in Hemorrhagic Shock Rats by Inhibiting Ferroptosis.

Hemorrhagic shock was a leading cause of death worldwide, with myocardial injury being a primary affected organ. As commonly used solutions in fluid resuscitation, acetated Ringer's (AR) and Lactate Ringer's solution (LR) were far from perfect for their adverse reactions such as lactic acidosis and electrolyte imbalances. In previous studies, TPP@PAMAM-MR (TPP-MR), a novel nanocrystal resuscitation fluid has been found to protect against myocardial injury in septic rats. However, its role in myocardial injury in rats with hemorrhagic shock and underlying mechanism is unclear. The hemorrhagic shock rats and hypoxia-treated cardiomyocytes (H9C2) were utilized to investigate the impact of TPP-MR on cardiac function, mitochondrial function, and lipid peroxidation. The expressions of ferritin-related proteins glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), Acyl CoA Synthase Long Chain Family Member 4 (ACSL4), and Cyclooxygenase-2(COX2) were analyzed through Western blotting to explore the mechanism of TPP-MR on hemorrhagic myocardial injury. TPP-MR, a novel nanocrystalline resuscitation fluid, was synthesized using TPP@PAMAM@MA as a substitute for L-malic acid. We found that TPP-MR resuscitation significantly reduced myocardial injury reflected by enhancing cardiac output, elevating mean arterial pressure (MAP), and improving perfusion. Moreover, TPP-MR substantially prolonged hemorrhagic shock rats' survival time and survival rate. Further investigations indicated that TPP-MR improved the mitochondrial function of myocardial cells, mitigated the production of oxidative stress agents (ROS) and increased the glutathione (GSH) content. Additionally, TPP-MR inhibited the expression of the ferroptosis-associated GPX4 protein, ACSL4 and COX2, thereby enhancing the antioxidant capacity. The results showed that TPP-MR had a protective effect on myocardial injury in rats with hemorrhagic shock, and its mechanism might be related to improving the mitochondrial function of myocardial cells and inhibiting the process of ferroptosis.

Response of the antioxidant system of wheat seedlings with different genotypes to exogenous prooxidants: the relationship with resistance to abiotic stressors

Oxidative stress is an important component of heat- and drought-induced damage in plants. However­, information on the relationship between the resistance of cultivated plants with different genotypes to environmental factors and their ability to maintain a pro-/antioxidant balance remains contradictory. This study aimed to compare the growth responses and adaptation ability of the antioxidant system in different wheat cultivars to oxidative stress agents hydrogen peroxide and iron(II) sulfate. Etiolated seedlings of common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Antonivka and Tobak (heat- and drought-tolerant), and Avgustina and Doskonala (not resistant to heat and drought) were used for the study. Three-day-old etiolated seedlings were exposed to 50 mM H2O2 or 5 mM FeSO4 for one day. It was found that seedlings of Antonivka and Tobak cultivars treated with H2O2 or FeSO4 were able to maintain relatively intensive growth, accumulated significantly lower amounts of endogenous hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation products, significantly increased anthocyanin content and had a higher activity of SOD and catalase as compared with non-resistant cultivars. The non-tolerant cultivars’ response to stress agents was only to increase proline content with a simultaneous decrease in SOD activity and anthocyanins content. The identified varietal markers of the antioxidant system adaptive strategy can be used to develop new approaches for screening wheat cultivars with cross-resistance to major abiotic stressors. Keywords: antioxidant system, drought resistan­ce, ferrous sulphate, H2O2, heat tolerance, oxidative stress, Triticum aestivum seedlings

CGAs-Rich Conilon Coffee Consumption Improves Cognition and Reduces Oxidative Stress in Elderly with Alzheimer's Disease: A Pilot Study.

The consumption of coffee has been associated with beneficial effects when it comes to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies on Conilon coffee consumption in elderly people with AD. Evaluate the effects of Conilon coffee consumption in elderly with AD. The study was carried out with 9 participants who consumed a minimum of 2 cups (200 mL cup) of Conilon coffee per day for 90 days. Cognitive assessment was done before (T0) and after 90 days (T90). Blood analysis was conducted at T0 and T90, as well as the assessment of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS). The levels of chlorogenic acids and caffeine in the coffee beverage were quantified by liquid chromatography. During the treatment, the participants consumed at least 550 mg and 540 mg of CGAs and caffeine, respectively. A significant improvement in cognition between T0 and T90 was observed as per MMSE, CTP, and clock drawing tests. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in AOPP (37%) and TBARS (60%), indicating a reduction in oxidative stress. The consumption of the coffee did not significantly alter any blood parameter, which confirms the safety of the coffee treatment during the 90 days. Our study demonstrated for the first time that regular consumption of coffee with high amounts of CGAs and caffeine improves cognitive functions and reduces oxidative stress, without altering blood parameters that indicate possible signs of toxicity in classical target organs.