Industrial Age Research Articles

Determinants influencing the effectiveness of internal auditing and the responsibility of auditors in fraud detection in an emerging country

Internal audit has become an essential part of firms in the age of Industry 4.0 due to its ability to identify errors or violations leading to fraud in firms (Alzeban & Gwilliam, 2014; Cohen & Sayag, 2010). This study is conducted to investigate the relationship between variables such as the quality of internal audit, the capability of the internal audit team, the independence of internal audit, and the support of leadership on the effectiveness of internal audit (EIA). Specifically, the study also examines the relationship between the EIA and the responsibility of auditors in detecting fraud. Data were gathered through a survey of 325 questionnaires from joint stock firms in the context of Vietnam, using SPSS 22 software and SmartPLS 3.0 software to analyze the regression of influencing determinants. The results reveal that: 1) the quality of the internal audit, the capability of the internal audit team, the independence of the internal audit, and the support of leadership have an impact on the internal audit effectiveness; 2) the EIA, the responsibility of auditors, and auditor training have a positive and significant impact on fraud detection. Therefore, the importance of internal audit in identifying accounting fraud and the need for firms to design internal audit processes and training to improve the effectiveness of their operations are highlighted.

A Digital Twin for SMEs in the context of Industry 5.0

The deployment of Digital Twins in the age of Industry 5.0 is shifting towards a more flexible, efficient, sustainable and human-centric approach; providing ample opportunities for the manufacturing field. Having said that, Digital Twins may prove time-consuming, infrastructure-demanding, and potentially overwhelming for hefty data acquisition within simultaneous. This is particularly possible if the manufacturing company in context is a Small-Medium Enterprise (SME). SMEs contribute around 85% of new vacancies in the European Union; yet are still siloed from exploiting the full potential of Industry 4.0 technologies, due to financial hurdles and a potential absence of guidance or awareness. This research work therefore contributes an exemplary digital twin targeted towards the needs of manufacturing SMEs in the light of Industry 5.0, allowing for real-time data retrieval from a UR collaborative robot, a 3D printer and a corresponding MQTT broker. Real-time visualization of parameters such as temperatures, voltages, errors and progress will thus assist SMEs towards adopting an optimal sustainable approach. This paper will therefore outline the methodology behind the development of the digital twin, which can then be modified to incorporate human factors and a more human-centered viewpoint.

Machine intelligence security : A methodological blend of fuzzy logic in industry 4.0 algorithms

The way things are made has changed a lot because of Industry 4.0. It has also led to a time with great technology and relationships. The paper discusses way to improve security in Machine Intelligence in the setting of Industry 4.0. The study uses a mix of methods to combine Fuzzy Logic with cutting-edge Industry 4.0 algorithms in order to deal with new hacking problems. Because fuzzy logic can deal with doubt and imprecision, it can be used to make current methods more reliable. This creates a complex and flexible security structure. The merger was carefully planned to make the methods for finding anomalies, reducing threats, and responding to incidents work better. The suggested method aims to make machine intelligence systems more resistant to complex cyber dangers by combining the best parts of Fuzzy Logic with Industry 4.0 algorithms. This study adds to the growing conversation about how to keep smart factory settings safe by focusing on a proactive and dynamic security model. The effects of this mix of methods could be felt in many different industries, making it possible to use advanced technologies in a safer and more reliable way in the age of Industry 4.0.

Имитация османских орнаментов в керамике Италии XIV–XX веков

This article is devoted to the Italian tradition of imitation of Ottoman ceramics from the 14th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The first period covers the pottery industry of the 14th and 15th centuries; the second period lasts from the end of the 15th century to the 18th century, and the last one is the industrial age, the end of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century. The first period represents only regional touches and the use of similar artistic techniques and colors. The second period is illustrated with more specific examples, such as the use of the Turkish ornament «tugrech». And finally, the third period fully reveals the imitation and copying of Ottoman products, which occurs due to industrialization, the emergence of museums of decorative arts and world exhibitions. In search of inspiration, ceramics such as Cantagalli, the artist Pio Fabri and his daughter Emma Fabri are at the forefront of the renaissance of the «Ottoman style» in ceramics.

Analysing Metal Melting Methods for Green Transformation of Scrap Metal: Case Study of Latvia using MCDA and SWOT Analysis

Abstract Metal is one of the most widely used materials in the world. It was a crucial driving force in technological development since the industrial age and continues to push us forward to this day. As metal consumption grows, so does the amount of scrap metal generated. Proper utilization of this waste is crucial in mitigating the negative environmental impacts of the metalworking industry. The processing and use of raw materials is often associated with high resource consumption and high emissions. The utilisation of scrap metal instead of raw metal can lead to up to 10 times less electricity consumption and up to 30 times fewer CO2 emissions. However, selecting the most suitable scrap metal processing technology is crucial, particularly in the case of the metal melting furnace which is the backbone of the industry. The efficiency of this process determines the environmental indicators for the entire scrap metal melting process. This paper conducts an analysis of 8 types of metal melting furnaces based on 11 environmental criteria. Furthermore, a SWOT analysis is conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the metal smelting process in Latvian metalworking enterprises and the potential for future expansion.

Utopian Genderscapes: Rhetorics of Women's Work in the Early Industrial Age by Michelle C. Smith (review)

Utopian Genderscapes: Rhetorics of Women's Work in the Early Industrial Age by Michelle C. Smith (review)

De la consommation à la consomption. Ignis (1883) de Didier de Chousy ou quand la maison Terre brûle

This article deals with an underrated novelby Didier de Chousy, Ignis (1883), published during the craze forscientism and positivism. This anticipation novel, fraught with grating irony, went against the optimism thatdefined the craze, as the author used the boundless technical possibilities flaunted by the industrial age toimagine a robot-assisted “augmented humanity”. Utopia was thus turned into scathing social dystopia and, a few years before Jules Verne’s novel, a “topsy-turvy” world on the brink of self-destruction was depicted.This ground-breaking work, which tackled both social criticism and the need for environmental awareness, heralded many of the themes that inspired H. G. Wellsand the“brave new world” Chousy imagined was just as relevant as the ones of our modern dystopias: the model of development that largely remains ours found itself relentlessly questioned, as a call for immediate change was issued.

Two Watersheds of Major Global Public Health Emergencies: History, Reality and Response

The 1918-1919 pandemic influenza and the COVID-19 are the watershed of major global public health emergencies in the industrial age and the digital age. The latter has generality and particularity. The problems faced in the process of coping with the COVID-19 mainly include: prejudice hinders international cooperation; Extreme egoism of some countries and personnel reduces the effectiveness of responding to incidents; Rigid governance system; The theoretical support is insufficient. The causes of the problems are: many problems are long-term; The modernization speed of some countries and personnel is slower than the speed of environmental change; In the process of modernization, the modernization mode of the industrial age is adopted. The macro way to deal with the COVID-19 is to promote the modernization of the governance system and governance capacity, and give birth to the combination of "new system, new capacity - new environment". The micro approaches are: strengthening international cooperation and optimizing the international governance system; Enhance the modernization of national governance and the modernization of people; Effectively innovate the concept and method of governance.

Smart and Sustainable Human-Centred Workstations for Operators with Disability in the Age of Industry 5.0: A Systematic Review

The World Bank has reported that over one billion individuals have a disability, implying that almost fifteen percent of the global inhabitants are susceptible to undergoing levels of discrimination, especially in employment. This issue may prevail on a manufacturing shop floor, whereby a wave of standardisation dominates such as in the design of shop floor workstations. Despite advances made in the literature, people with disabilities are still siloed from manufacturing. Consequently, the aim of this research work was to analyse literature’s current state of the art on the design of workstations for operators with disabilities within the context of Industry 5.0, where sustainability, human-centricity, and resilience are upheld. The study employed a systematic review of 69 publications from Scopus and Google Scholar published between 2013 and 2023, adhering to the updated PRISMA guidelines to identify the major research gaps. The review contributes an understanding of the current academic and industrial limitations such as the absence of social applicability of Industry 4.0 technology, the rift between academic knowhow and industrial implementation, and the lack of alignment with the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Additionally, the review uncovered an absence in work bridging four disciplines together: workstation design, Industry 5.0, sustainability, and disability. An unprecedented understanding of the interdependency between all four disciplines within the remit of smart, sustainable, and inclusive manufacturing workstations is contributed. This review proposes directions amidst the four most relevant SDGs—SDGs 8, 9, 10, and 12 to the topic.

Environmental deterioration in the age of industrialization and production: do industrial competition and renewable energy reduce the ecological burden?

The modern era of globalization, economic development, and increase in manufacturing activity pose severe risks to the natural environment. In this context, industries must prioritize sustainable economic growth and development. Thus, the purpose of this study is to provide insight into industrial competition, renewable energy, economic freedom, manufacturing value added, economic growth, and carbon dioxide emissions (CO2 emissions) in the top ten high-income countries from 1997 to 2019. The results from panel cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL), augmented mean group (AMG), and common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) techniques revealed that economic growth and industrial production have a harmful influence on CO2 emissions. Meanwhile, industrial competitiveness, renewable energy, and economic freedom are all negatively associated with CO2 emissions. This specifies that industrial competitiveness, renewable energy, and economic freedom are favorably related to environmental sustainability by limiting CO2 emissions in the top ten high-income countries. These findings imply that governments and responsible authorities/policymakers develop strategies to reduce the environmental impact of manufacturing value addition and economic growth in the top ten high-income countries and allocate more financial resources to renewable energy and promote industrial competition.

Digital and Social Transformation- Technology, Innovation and Framework in Education

Technology has already transformed higher education worldwide, content in media from radio and TV and audiovisual content in streaming digital platforms on the internet. If we talk about the Age of industrialisation in past centuries now we live in fast developing Age of Information where computers are talking to one another, humans are talking to computers and humans are talking to humans through computers. The important point in the Information Age is access to information and access to content. In the time being we might be able to say that we live in the Age of Google and the upcoming Age of AI. In education technology can help students and teachers to enlarge their potential to access educational processes, personalized forms of learning, online teaching, and learning opportunities which we could see during the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital platforms widen the possibilities for the internationalization of higher education through access to open science and open data in digital platforms, new opportunities for international research, and collaboration of sciences.

Accelerating environmental ageing effects of adhesively bonded aluminium joints by using smaller bonding areas

ABSTRACT In all areas of application, adhesive joints are exposed to environmental conditions, which can weaken the joint. To verify the functionality of the joints for a certain service life, accelerated ageing tests are used. To assess the mechanical performance of aged joints, single lap joints (SLJ) are often used. The influence of various geometries of SLJ on the strength and stress behaviour is known. The various ageing processes in bonded joints are not yet sufficiently known. Thus, the influence of the specimen geometry on the ageing behaviour cannot be reliably estimated and is therefore investigated in this work. SLJ with different geometries made of an AlMgSi alloy and a one-component epoxy-hybrid adhesive were artificially aged. T dimensions of the SLJ were varied in width, overlap length, adhesive thickness or joint design. Similar ageing results were seen in a significant shorter time with narrower samples or shorter overlap length. A SLJ with a bonding area of 6.3 mm x 6.3 mm was derived from these results. After 4–5 weeks of ageing, this shows comparable results to the standard test SLJ after 8 weeks. This allows to speed up industrial ageing tests nearly by factor two without changing ageing mechanisms.

Artificial Intelligence's Impact on the Automotive Industry

The aim of this study is to determine artificial intelligence's impact and benefits for the automobile sector. This study employs the descriptive research methodology, which gathers data from already-existing facts. The study's findings clarify the significance of autonomous car technology for the automotive industry's use of artificial intelligence as well as the benefits and drawbacks of this technology in current usage. The research's findings were attained as a result of the rise in human requirements in the age of industry 4.0 technology, which led some businesses to create driverless car technology. Using autonomous car technology, this study was carried out to examine artificial intelligence's impact on the automotive sector.

Observability Practice with OODA Principles and Processes

Observability is essential in numerous areas, including software engineering, business operations, and Information Technology (IT). Created by Colonel John Boyd in a military setting, the OODA (Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act) loop has expanded into a flexible framework for enhancing observability in various areas. This study improves observability and decision-making by applying OODA concepts and procedures in software engineering and business. These domains work together to guarantee smooth workflows in the age of Industry 4.0 and disruptive technology breakthroughs when observability is essential to success. The OODA cycle in software engineering allows engineers to gather information, comprehend context, make logical decisions, and take appropriate action to maximize system security and performance. The “Observe” phase focuses on metrics, logs, events, including data collection, monitoring, and real-time analysis. The “Orient” phase emphasises how crucial anomaly detection and data visualization are to comprehending context. While the “Act” phase handles automation and the implementation of enhancements, the “Decide” phase directs engineers to optimize systems and increase security. From operational indicators to market trends and consumer feedback, the OODA loop helps businesses make data-driven decisions by collecting information during the “Observe” phase. The “Orient” phase helps organizations comprehend customer preferences and market dynamics by analysing data and spotting trends. The “Act” phase makes it easier to implement selected plans, while the “Decide” phase aids in strategic decision-making and resource allocation.

Mistaking the Terrestrial slum for the Celestial City: A Reading of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “The Celestial Railroad”

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s allegory “The Celestial Railroad” depicts an American society in which morality and spirituality have been relegated to the background. We set out in this study to critically analyse how Hawthorne in this short story depicts the alarming extent to which terrestrial distractions especially in this modern age of industry, innovation and capitalism have instead derailed many Christians from the celestial city to the terrestrial slums of perdition, misery and destruction. The qualitative approach was used to analyse the data collected for this study. This paper is based on the hypothesis that the quest for pleasure and the advent of industrial and technological development have drifted the Christian further away from the path of salvation as depicted in Hawthorne’s “The Celestial Railroad.” New Historicism was the theoretical lens employed for this research endeavour. This study revealed that, Hawthorne’s “The Celestial Railroad” is even more relevant in the 21st century due to the alarming extent to which Christian ideals have been violated, much more than what obtained when the story was published.

Post-stroke brain can be protected by modulating the lncRNA FosDT

We previously showed that knockdown or deletion of Fos downstream transcript (FosDT; a stroke-induced brain-specific long noncoding RNA) is neuroprotective. We presently tested the therapeutic potential of FosDT siRNA in rodents subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using the Stroke Treatment Academic Industry Roundtable criteria, including sex, age, species, and comorbidity. FosDT siRNA (IV) given at 30 min of reperfusion significantly improved motor function recovery (rotarod test, beam walk test, and adhesive removal test) and reduced infarct size in adult and aged spontaneously hypertensive rats of both sexes. FosDT siRNA administered in a delayed fashion (3.5 h of reperfusion following 1 h transient MCAO) also significantly improved motor function recovery and decreased infarct volume. Furthermore, FosDT siRNA enhanced post-stroke functional recovery in normal and diabetic mice. Mechanistically, FosDT triggered post-ischemic neuronal damage via the transcription factor REST as REST siRNA mitigated the enhanced functional outcome in FosDT−/− rats. Additionally, NF-κB regulated FosDT expression as NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 significantly decreased post-ischemic FosDT induction. Thus, FosDT is a promising target with a favorable therapeutic window to mitigate secondary brain damage and facilitate recovery after stroke regardless of sex, age, species, and comorbidity.

The Comprehensive Features, Current Aspects, Synthesis, Characterization and Role of Nanomaterials in Modern Industries through Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology has attained the valuable significant attention throughout time because to its compelling and pioneering uses in the forthcoming industrial age, particularly in relation to nanomaterials. Nanomaterials find applications in several areas, including agriculture, biomedicine, electronics, energy, transportation, communications, cosmetics, coatings, materials, and mechanical engineering. Numerous techniques have been used to fabricate nanoparticles (NPs) with precise control over their form, size, dimensions, and structure. There may be exist two primary methodologies for the synthesis of nanoparticles, namely the top-down and bottom-up techniques. These nanoparticles include core/shell (CS) nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs), nickel nanoparticles (Ni-NPs), platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs), copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs), and silicon nanoparticles (Si). The physicochemical qualities may vary depending on the size and form of the object. There are many categories of nanocomposites, including ceramic matrix nanocomposites, metal matrix nanocomposites, and polymer matrix nanocomposites. Semiconductor materials have characteristics that lie between those of metals and nonmetals, making them very versatile and widely used in numerous applications, as documented in the literature. Semiconductor nanoparticles have broad bandgaps, resulting in notable modifications to their characteristics via bandgap tuning. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene are widely recognized as prominent constituents within the carbon-based nanomaterials category. There are many aspects of the functional nanomaterial needed to explore their chemical and physical potentials for the use in the sub valuable industries areas.

Higher Education's Position in Shaping the Workforce of the Future and the Importance of Adapting to the Digital Age

Changes in teaching and administration at universities are dramatic. These dramatic shifts are being prompted by a number of factors. Micro and Nano degrees, as well as digital transformation, online education, tech-savvy students, operating expenses, and other factors, are all instances of such influences. Students in higher education make use of a variety of digital technology to supplement traditional lecture-based classroom instruction. Technology from the Fourth Industrial Revolution has made its way into HEIs, requiring them to adapt to the digital revolution (DT) in all its forms. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in applying digital transformation methodologies to the education sector, as these methods allow us to characterise the numerous interrelationships among stakeholder in a digitally enabled environment of teaching and learning. The purpose of this research is to highlight the unique aspects of the digital shift implementation process in academic settings. In addition, we will discuss how digital learning fits within the larger context of contemporary universities. More research is needed to understand how universities can adapt to the fourth industrial age and digital transformation.

Revolution in Engineering Education through Android-Based Learning Media for Mobile Learning: Practicality of Mobile Learning Media to Improve Electrical Measuring Skills in the Industrial Age 4.0

This study examines the practicality of Android-based learning media in improving students’ ability to use electrical measuring instruments in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. This study adopted a research and development (R&D) approach using the 4D model. The research process involved practical use tests conducted by lecturers and students using a questionnaire that evaluated convenience, time, and usability. The study’s results revealed that learning Android-based media for mobile learning showed a level of practicality that deserved a thumbs up. Aspects of convenience, time, and use all reach a good level of practicality, so they fall into the ‘practical’ category. Based on research findings, using Android-based learning media for mobile learning provides significant benefits to learning through easy access to learning materials, better interactive and practical visualization, efficiency of learning time, and self-evaluation. The benefits received can be added to understanding the use of electrical measuring instruments. However, the Android-based learning media currently being developed has not been integrated with artificial intelligence (AI), so there are still great opportunities for further research into its integration with education.

Mark Twain’s Connecticut Yankee, William Morris, and the Problem of Late-Victorian Medievalism

Abstract Far from being a mere rebuttal against romanticized views of the Middle Ages, Mark Twain’s A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court engages constructively with the medievalist milieu of the late-Victorian fin-de-siècle. Twain depicts sixth-century England as a time of squalor, but he extends a level of appreciation to the selflessness of King Arthur. Framing time-traveling rabble-rouser Hank Morgan as a symbol of both Enlightenment reformism and self-aggrandizing authoritarianism that justifies wanton violence through abstract claims of societal progress, Twain is as critical of industrial commercialism as of medieval feudalism. This article argues Twain engages with the same questions as the more overtly medievalist writers of the fin-de-siècle, specifically William Morris. While Morris was more laudatory toward the medieval period, this article asserts they both staunchly criticized the solipsism and obsession with technology they believed defined the industrial age without desiring merely to re-create the hierarchies of the past.