Age In Denmark Research Articles

Decline in cerebral thromboembolism among young women after introduction of low-dose oral contraceptives: An incidence study for the period 1980–1993

The aim of this study was to analyze age-specific incidence rates (IRs) of cerebral thromboembolic attacks (CTA) among women and men 15–44 years of age in Denmark from 1980 through 1993 and to quantify possible influences from oral contraceptives (OC) on the incidence figures. The discharge diagnoses ICD 432–436 from all Danish neurological, neurosurgical and medical departments during the period 1980–1993 were identified in a central diagnosis register. The use of OC was achieved from complete sale statistics during the study period and cross-sectional studies assessing the type-specific use of OC at different ages. During the 14-year study period, 2,100 female and 2,552 male attacks were registered. Men had an exponentially increasing IR with increasing age. Compared with men in the period 1980–1986, women had more attacks in the 20–35-year age group and fewer attacks above the age of 35. After 1987 the sex differences below the age of 35 were not significant. From the first half (1980–1986) to the last half (1987–1993) of the study period, women below 30 years had a significantly falling CTA IR of −20.4%, compared with a non-significant fall of −9.5% among men below 30 years. In the age group above 30 years, women experienced a not significant increase of 4.2%, men a significant increase of 11.4%. Assuming that use of OC implied an average relative risk of CTA of 2.5 and pregnancy a relative risk of 4, a correction was made for the contribution of incident cases among women. The corrected IRs had a close co-variation with the IRs of men up to the age of 35. Thereafter, men had higher IR as is the case for older age groups. It is concluded that women's pregnancies and use of OC may explain the higher IRs of CTA in young fertile age compared to those of men. The more pronounced fall in IRs among young women compared with young men through the last 14 years may be a consequence of the reduced hormonal content of OC.

Hysterectomy Subsequent to Laparoscopic Sterilization

Abstract The incidence of hysterectomy for bleeding disorders among sterilized women was compared with the incidence of hysterectomy for bleeding disorders among the female population of the same age in Denmark. The relative risk of undergoing hysterectomy subsequent to tubal sterilization was increased compared to the control group. However, there are several other plausible explanations for this apparently increased risk.

Hysterectomy subsequent to laparoscopic sterilization

The incidence of hysterectomy for bleeding disorders among sterilized women was compared with the incidence of hysterectomy for bleeding disorders among the female population of the same age in Denmark. The relative risk of undergoing hysterectomy subsequent to tubal sterilization was increased compared to the control group. However, there are several other plausible explanations for this apparently increased risk.

A happier old age in Denmark?

A happier old age in Denmark?

Points: A happier old age in Denmark?

Points: A happier old age in Denmark?

A happier old age in Denmark?

A happier old age in Denmark?

The Viking Age in Denmark: The Formation of a State. Klavs Randsborg

Previous articleNext article No AccessReviewsThe Viking Age in Denmark: The Formation of a State. Klavs Randsborg Howell ChickeringHowell Chickering Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Speculum Volume 57, Number 3Jul., 1982 The journal of the Medieval Academy of America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2848725 Views: 4Total views on this site Copyright 1982 The Medieval Academy of AmericaPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

The Viking Age in Denmark: The Formation of a State

The Viking Age in Denmark: The Formation of a State

Colorectal cancer in patients less than 40 years of age in Denmark, 1943-1967.

A retrospective review of all the 951 patients less than 40 years of age with colorectal cancer in Denmark 1943-67 is described. The annual incidence in Denmark of colorectal cancer in this age group is 1.4/100,000. These patients do not differ from other patients with colorectal cancer with regard to sex ratio, tumor localization, extent of tumor growth, histologic type, frequency of intestinal obstruction and perforation. Of these patients 53 per cent were subjected to radical operation. The five-year crude survival rate was 32 per cent for all patients and 65 per cent in cases of radical operation. The operative mortality was 9 per cent. The extent of tumor growth according to Dukes' classification and the presence of intestinal obstruction and/or perforation were the only factors found to influence the prognosis. The survival rates correspond to rate given in the literature in respect of colorectal cancer, regardless of age. It is concluded that colorectal cancer in young patients differs in no respect from the disease in older patients.

Old age in Denmark—A time to enjoy

Old age in Denmark—A time to enjoy

The Lowering of the Voting Age in Denmark: The Referendum of September 1978

The Lowering of the Voting Age in Denmark: The Referendum of September 1978

Befolkning og social variation i ældre bronzealders Danmark

Befolkning og social variation i ældre bronzealders Danmark

Family Help Patterns and Social Class in Three Countries

The present paper is a report of the help patterns among older people and their adult children in three countries-Denmark, Britain, and the United States. The data come from interviews conducted in mid-1962 with nationwide probability samples of approximately 2,500 persons aged 65 and over in each of the three countries. Family help patterns in old age in Denmark, Britain, and the United States differ by the social class position of the older person. The class position of old people effects primarily the size of their immediate families, their family structure, and their living arrangements. While the social class of the old person effects the magnitude and direction of parent-child help, persons in every social class report that they help their children and that their children help them.

Ulbjerg-graven. Begyndelsen af den ældre jernalder i Jylland

The Beginning of the Early Iron Age in Jutland The date of the beginning of the Early Iron Age in Denmark is one of the most disputed problems in Scandinavian archaeology. The oldest finds from Jutland (1) have been placed by various authors, in the period between 600 and 400 B.C. (2-3) and discrepancies in dating are mainly due to different conceptions of the relationship between the Central European and North European chronology (4). A few finds, however, can reasonably be employed in a more precise dating, for example the Early Iron Age grave from Ulbjerg in Jutland (5). The grave (fig. 1), a earthgrave, contained an urn, a double spiral brooch, a lug wheel and two fibulae. The urn can be placed with certainty in Period I of the Pre­Roman Iron Age, where similar types are found in both graves and settlements (6). The same dating applies to the lug wheel (7) and the double spiral brooch (9), both being local forms in Jutland in the first Pre-Roman period (8 and 10). The two fibulae are, however, unique, having no parallel either in Denmark or the other Scandinavian countries. Both have an imitation spring and are presumably modelled on foreign pieces. As a type, they belong to the North European Certosa fibulae (II), distributed (fig. 2) in two main areas ­around the Oder- Warthe in Poland and along the middle and lower Elbe in Germany. The type originated in Italy (12), spread to Central Europe and thence northwards to Poland and North Germany. There, a number of local variants are recognized (13-16), some of which resemble the Ulbjerg fibulae very closely (15). The type has a wide distribution in Central Europe in the Early Iron Age, which begins at a point corresponding to the Nordic Bronze Age, Periods V and VI (17). In Period VI, the whole of the Polish and North German lowlands exhibit a remarkable uniformity in certain artefacts, for instance needles, toilet equipment and jewellery. This uniformity is based on influence from the Central European Hallstatt Culture. ln Poland, the Late Bronze Age groups from Period VI are followed by the Pommeranian Culture, a group which is primarily characterized by face urns (18). Further west, in Saxony, the Billendorf Culture (19) occurs in Period VI, though its last phase falls outside true Period VI (20) and is probably contemporary with the Pommeranian Culture further east. Further north, along the Elbe, the period VI inventory shows striking similarities to Danish Period VI (21), and via these regions the latest Nordic Bronze Age Culture had had a connection with the Central European Hallstatt Culture. After Period VI, these regions display the Jastorf Culture which maintains contact with Jutland in the first period of the Pre-Roman Iron Age (22).If the dating of the Certosa fibulae is examined, it appears that in the east they belong to the Pommeranian Culture (23), which has metal forms resembling in certain respects those of Period l of the Pre-Roman Iron Age in Jutland. Further west, Certosa fibulae are found in Saxony in the last phase of the Billendorf Culture (26), i. e. that part of it which is later than Period VI. In the north, Certosa fibulae occur in the earliest phase of the Jastorf Culture (27). Sometimes this phase exhibits fibulae with the foot shaped as an animal head (28). Certosa fibulae are thus in Poland, North Germany and Denmark placed in the first Pre-Roman period.How, then, are Certosa fibulae dated in relation to the division which hes been made of Ha D (30)? Certosa fibulae and fibulae with animal-head feet are sometimes found together in integral finds (32) and the latest investigations seem to show that both types begin before true La Tene A (33), i. e. at a point corresponding to the transition between Ha D 2 and D 3. In the absolute chronology (34), Certosa fibulae would then be dated c. 500, and this should largely correspond to the beginning of the Pre-Roman Iron Age in Denmark. This is a confirmation of the date given in the latest survey of the Early Iron Age in Jutland (35).Jørgen Jensen.

Gravfund fra Stubberup, Lolland

Gravfund fra Stubberup, Lolland

Hjulgraven fra Storehøj ved Tobøl i Ribe Amt

Hjulgraven fra Storehøj ved Tobøl i Ribe Amt

Rislev-Fundet. Anthropologisk Redegørelse

The Rislev Find. Anthropological Statement. Skeletal parts belonging to altogether 4 individuals were found, 2 of which being represented by single fragments only, while the skeletons of the 2 others were practically complete.These were the skeletons of 2 women. One (I) quite young, aged 18-19 years, the growing zones on the bones being still present, the other (II) somewhat older, aged about 30 years, as the growing zones in the extremities were closed whereas the sutures of the skull were not fused.These 2 women present features of particular interest as both the shape of their skulls and the build of their bodies differ somewhat from what was common in the Iron Age of this country. The skulls were shorter and lower, the base of the head was flatter and the face broader than in the very uniform long-headed Iron Age folk known hitherto.The body build differed; in that the bones were, on the whole, heavier and more robust, the muscle attachment more marked, than is otherwise seen. This is so much the more remarkable as the skeletons were of women. The height can be calculated with fair certainty to have been 160 cm (5' 3") for both women.The 2 human skeletons from Rislev belong, thus, to a race which has not been observed previously in the extensive skeletal material from the Early Iron Age in Denmark.]. Balslev Jørgensen.

Fra jyllands ældste jernalder

A Pre-Roman Iron Age Cemetery at Nim in East ]utlandIn 1953, in the course of digging gravel in a little hill near the village of Nim, about 12 kms. northwest of Horsens in East Jutland, six graves from the earliest Iron Age were discovered. Five of them were taken up by the workmen, the sixth (Grave IV) being excavated by members of the Jutland Archeological Society. It is, however, certain that the objects discovered, and described below, do in fact belong to the graves with which they are here listed.The graves lay in a group near the summit of the hill, at a spacing of about 7 metres. This suggests that there were originally low barrows or cairns over each grave, but that these have been removed in the course of cultivation.Grave I. The pottery vessel in Fig. 1 contained burnt bones, together with two iron pins and bronze ornaments (Fig. 3). There were in addition the remains of one or more bronze armlets, and a macehead of sandstone, of Stone Age type.Grave II must have been a cremation patch containing sherds of the vessel shown in Fig. 2.Grave III. A pottery vessel with burnt bones.Grave IV. An urn-grave surrounded by blackened earth ("Urnebrandgrube"). In the urn lay a thin bronze ring, two iron pins, a massive belt-ring of bronze and a bronze clasp with double spiral (Fig. 5). The large break in the neck of the vessel must have been in existence at the time of burial, as otherwise the large ring could not have been introduced into the vessel.Grave V. A pottery vessel contained unidentifiable fragments of iron, part of a ring with lug and a spiral clasp, together with fragments of armlet, all of bronze, (Fig. 6), and burnt bones.Grave VI contained sherds of a pottery vessel.All six graves from Nim belong to the first period of the Pre-Roman Iron Age (ca. 500-- 300 BC). The objects found are typical for Central Jutland and, despite their unspectacular character, form the richest cemetery yet found in the area. The discovery gives us certain pointers to the local culture-grouping in the earliest Iron Age in Jutland. The Pre-Roman Iron Age in Denmark is now divided into three periods 5); Period I corresponds to Jastorf a and b in Holstein and Hanover, Period II to Jastorf c and Ripdorf, and Period III to Early and Late Seedorf. In Period I a local group can be distinguished in South Jutland and Schleswig (Fig. 7), characterized by the large urn-fields (Aarre, Uldal, etc.). Here it is possible to recognise an early and a late phase 10), the first being characterized by rolled-headed pins 11) and large belt-rings with lugs (as in Fig. 6 c), the second showing in contrast ring-headed pins 12) and triangular belt-hooks of iron.To the north of the local South Jutland group another group, contemporaneous and equally distinct, is found, the Central Jutland (Fig. 7). It is characterized by: 1. small cemeteries or single cremation graves; 2. cremation patches and "Urnenbrandgruben" are common (whereas almost unknown in the South Jutland group); 3. particular artifacts of metal, including small rings with lugs, like Fig. 3 d, and spiral clasps (Figs. 5 and 8; for distribution cf. Fig. 10); 4. peat-bog deposits, large and small, containing bronze rings 24) (Smederup near Odder con­taining over 350 rings, Falling Bog about 270 lugged rings, etc.); 5. coarser pottery; 6. artifact types which in the South Jutland group are confined to Period I a apparently persist in Central Jutland throughout the whole of Period I. Thus Nim appears to belong, on a basis of the pottery to late Period I, corresponding to I b further south.To the north of the Central Jutland group there appears to be a third local group, but its components are not yet sufficiently characteristic to permit of closer description. One special type may, however, be mentioned, a plate-clasp (Fig. 9; for distribution cf. Fig. 10).The three local groups within Period I of the Pre-Roman Iron Age in Jutland appear to have developed most clearly late in the period. They are therefore parallel to the Jastorf b group in Holstein. They appear to develop in all cases out of the much more homogeneous Period VI of the Bronze Age. Remarkably enough, the Jutland local groups in Period I appear to correspond geographically to important local groups in the Roman Iron Age 41). It should therefore be home in mind that these later local groups may well have traditions running far back into the Pre-Roman Iron Age.C. J. Becker

En gravhøj i Sevel sogn

En gravhøj i Sevel sogn