Age Groups In China Research Articles

Life-Cycle Spatial Strategy for Multidimensional Health-Oriented Medical Care Community—From the Perspective of Sustainable Marketing

The aging population and the increasing number of sub-healthy people in all age groups in China have brought huge opportunities for related industries. From the perspective of marketing and consumer psychology, there is a great demand for health care properties, especially those that provide long-term medical care. Against this situation, almost all the leading real estate companies have entered this field and tried to occupy more market shares through different products and brand marketing sustainably. In this context, it is urgent to explore a comprehensive community model combining medical and nursing care that covers all stages of life, so as to promote the health of diverse populations. In China, existing research on the growth of medical care communities for sustainable needs started relatively late, and insufficient attention has been paid to the supply–demand linkage among psychological demand, health behavior, spatial bearing, and service supply. Taking Wuzhishan city for example, we deduce the Medical-Care Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs System according to classical theories. Based on motivation theory and marketing strategy, a theoretical model of Health demand-behavior-facilities and Spatial Interaction (HBSI) mediated by healthy behavior is constructed. Then, expert group decision making processes and the Fuzzy Delphi Method (DFM) were used to screen 67 spatial impact factors of 14 categories in five dimensions, including life safety, physical health, mental health, social adaptation and resilience recovery, which fit users’ multi-dimensional health needs. Finally, to provide a spatial strategy reference for the construction of sustainable and adaptive medical caring communities, spatial planning strategies and guidelines are offered based on correlation analysis, so as to fit the changeable market pattern, meet the psychological expectations and life-cycle caring needs of consumers.

An Empirical Analysis of Mental Health and Social Support in the Elderly of Different Age Groups: A Survey and Analysis of Data from China.

To explore the effects of social support on the mental health of older adults in different age groups in China, and to provide reference for the development of social support policies to promote the mental health of older adults in China. This paper uses a random sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey of 3,000 older adults aged 60 years or older in Nanjing and a dichotomous logistic regression model for empirical analysis. The two dimensions of mental health and social adjustment were used to measure the mental health status of the elderly. The results showed that the overall mental health status of the elderly in Nanjing city was more optimistic, and the nonempty nesters with male gender, higher education level, and partners were generally healthier; objective and subjective support had significant positive effects on the mental health of middle and high aged elderly, while the utilization of support had more significant effects on the health of low-aged elderly. This paper proposes that government departments should develop a localized elderly support system and social support policies adapted to the actual situation in Nanjing according to the quantitative distribution and demand characteristics of the mental health of elderly people in different age groups. The study is structured as follows: the second part contains data sources and statistical methods. The third part is the analysis of empirical results. The fourth part is the discussion and conclusion part of the article.

Evaluating Strategies For Tuberculosis to Achieve the Goals of WHO in China: A Seasonal Age-Structured Model Study.

Although great progress has been made in the prevention and mitigation of TB in the past 20 years, China is still the third largest contributor to the global burden of new TB cases, accounting for 833,000 new cases in 2019. Improved mitigation strategies, such as vaccines, diagnostics, and treatment, are needed to meet goals of WHO. Given the huge variability in the prevalence of TB across age-groups in China, the vaccination, diagnostic techniques, and treatment for different age-groups may have different effects. Moreover, the statistics data of TB cases show significant seasonal fluctuations in China. In view of the above facts, we propose a non-autonomous differential equation model with age structure and seasonal transmission rate. We derive the basic reproduction number, [Formula: see text], and prove that the unique disease-free periodic solution, [Formula: see text] is globally asymptotically stable when [Formula: see text], while the disease is uniformly persistent and at least one positive periodic solution exists when [Formula: see text]. We estimate that the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]), which means that TB is uniformly persistent. Our results demonstrate that vaccinating susceptible individuals whose ages are over 65 and between 20 and 24 is much more effective in reducing the prevalence of TB, and each of the improved vaccination strategy, diagnostic strategy, and treatment strategy leads to substantial reductions in the prevalence of TB per 100,000 individuals compared with current approaches, and the combination of the three strategies is more effective. Scenario A (i.e., coverage rate [Formula: see text], diagnosis rate [Formula: see text], relapse rate [Formula: see text]) is the best and can reduce the prevalence of TB per 100,000 individuals by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in 2035 and 2050, respectively. Although the improved strategies will significantly reduce the incidence rate of TB, it is challenging to achieve the goal of WHO in 2050. Our findings can provide guidance for public health authorities in projecting effective mitigation strategies of TB.

Trends in Methamphetamine Use in the Mainland of China, 2006-2015.

BackgroundMethamphetamine is the most prevalent drug in the mainland of China, yet few studies on the non-medical use of methamphetamine nationwide have been conducted. This study aimed to examine the trends in the prevalence of non-medical methamphetamine use and to explore the flow pattern of internal migrant methamphetamine users in the mainland of China.MethodsData were extracted from the National Dynamic Management and Control Database for Drug Users (NDMCD). Joinpoint regressions were used to examine trends in the prevalence and population size of methamphetamine use.ResultsA total of 1,821,468 methamphetamine use cases registered in NDMCD from 2006 to 2015 were identified. The number of methamphetamine use cases presented an increasing trend in all age subgroups, and among them, the elderly increased the fastest [annual percent change (APC2006−2015), 122.9; 95% CI, 113.0–133.3; p < 0.001]. The prevalence of methamphetamine use increased from 4.69 per 100,000 population in 2008 to 45.38 per 100,000 population in 2015 (APC2008−2015, 36.1; 95% CI, 31.9–40.6; p < 0.001). The regions of the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration absorbed over 96% of all internal migrant methamphetamine use cases, and the number of migrant methamphetamine use cases presented increased trends in these three regions.ConclusionsThe increasing trends in methamphetamine use have become a threat to all age groups in China. Substance use prevention programs should focus on internal migrant drug users, especially in economically developed regions.

The relationship between the visceral adiposity index and carotid atherosclerosis in different genders and age groups.

Objectives:To investigate the possible relationship between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and carotid atherosclerosis(CAS) in different genders and age groups in China.Methods:This study was an observational cross-sectional study and included 1996 participants who were health examination . From January 2018 to June 2019, people over 18 years old who had physical examinations were included in the study. Each participant completed a standard questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, ultrasonic examination, and provided blood samples for biochemical measurements. Regression models were utilized to evaluate the relationship between VAI and the CAS risk. An receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was utilized to predict VAI diagnostic efficacy for CAS.Results:Adjusting for potential confounding factors, the risk of CAS increases as the level of VAI increases, and the odds ratio (OR) of the upper tertile is 3.09 (95% confidence interval [CI]:1.64-5.82, p<0.001) in female >44 years of age. In females aged >44 years, the AUC of the VAI (AUC=0.610, 95%CI: 0.57-0.65) was higher than body mass index, WC, and HC (AUC=0.538 [95%CI:0.49–0.58], 0.499 [95%CI:0.45-0.54], and 0.526 [95%CI:0.48-0.57], VAI demonstrated a better ability to predict CAS (in females >44 years of age). However, this correlation was not observed in males.Conclusion:The relationship between VAI and CAS, with gender and age differences. Visceral adiposity index could be selected as new and simple predictors of CAS for females (>44 years of age) in China.

Specific Activities and the Trajectories of Cognitive Decline Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Five-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study

How specific activities influence cognitive decline among different age groups, especially the late middle-aged and the early old, remains inadequately studied. To examine the association between specific activities with trajectories of cognitive functions in different age groups in China. A longitudinal cohort study was conducted based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Mixed effects growth models were applied to analyze the association between specific activities and cognitive functions. Interacting with friends (infrequent: β= 0.13, confidence interval [CI] = 0.03 to 0.22; daily: β= 0.19, CI = 0.09 to 0.28), playing Mah-jong or other games (infrequent: β= 0.12, CI = 0.02 to 0.22; daily:β= 0.26, CI = 0.10 to 0.42), infrequent providing help to others (β= 0.24, CI = 0.11 to 0.37), and going to a sport (infrequent: β= 0.31, CI = 0.08 to 0.54); daily: β= 0.22, CI = 0.05 to 0.38) are significantly associated with participants' memory. Infrequently playing Mah-jong or other games (β= 0.30, CI = 0.17 to 0.43) and daily sports (β= 0.24, CI = 0.03 to 0.45) are significantly associated with better mental status. Effect of each activity varies among population of different age, education level, gender, and residence. This study identifies four social activities that are associated with better cognitive functions, and provides a comprehensive, in-depth understanding on the specific protective effect of each activity among different subgroups.

Residue behavior and dietary risk assessment of six pesticides in pak choi using QuEChERS method coupled with UPLC-MS/MS

A reliable and simple modified QuEChERS method with UPLC-MS/MS was developed for the simultaneous determination of six pesticides (dimethomorph, imidaclothiz, lufenuron, methoxyfenozide, pyridaben, spinetoram) and their metabolites in pak choi. Method validation indicated good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99), accuracy (recoveries of 75%−112%), sensitivity (limits of quantification, 0.002–0.01 mg kg−1), and precision (relative standard deviations ≤ 21%), and matrix effects were −36–28%. The half-lives of the six pesticides in pak choi were 2.2–12 d under open field and greenhouse conditions. Considering the short growth cycle of pak choi, the terminal residue levels (0.046–7.8 mg kg−1) and the relevant maximum residue limits (MRLs) of some countries, 5 d was recommended as the pre-harvest interval for the six pesticides on pak choi. Dietary risk assessment revealed that the risk quotients were 3.1%−58% for different gender and age groups in China, indicating none unacceptable public health risk for general population. The results showed that all the six pesticides degraded faster and the terminal residues were much lower under open field conditions than those under greenhouse conditions, which was mainly due to the influence of rainfall, sunlight and other environmental factors. This work was thus significant in assessing the dissipation fate and food safety risks of the six pesticides on pak choi and facilitated the establishment of maximum residue limits.

Forecasting Model and Related Index of Pig Population in China

The systematic and reasonable prediction of pig population is the basis for balance and symmetry between the supply and demand of hogs, which is of great significance to the pig industry. Based on the population prediction model and according to the principle of pig months transfer, this paper referred to the modeling principle and method of the discrete population quantity prediction model and established a related index model that can reflect the pig population development process. The forecasting model we have established includes the following models: (a) a recursive model of pig population, (b) an estimation model of new kept piglets and breeding sows in each month, (c) an estimation model of the initial state of the quantity of the pig population, and (d) a related index model to calculate pig population. On this basis, an example calculation was made to predict the monthly pig population and the quantitative distribution of pigs with different age groups in China from January 2016 to March 2018 in the future. The results showed that the forecasting model of pork supply based on the prediction of pig population is an effective perspective to study the future quantity of pork supply. In the fitting stage, the relative error of the number of slaughtered fattened hogs was 0.0332 and 0.0368. In the prediction stage, the relative error of the quantity of pork supply was 0.0618 and 0.0578.

Comparison of different obesity indices related with hypertension among different sex and age groups in China

Background and aimsTo compare the relationships of five obesity-related routine anthropometric indicators (body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)) for hypertension in both sexes and among different age groups of the Chinese population. Methods and resultsA total of 12,064 adult participants (5638 males and 6426 females) were included. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were used with binary logistic regression models to estimate the risk of hypertension for each obesity index. For the males, WHtR had the highest OR value in all age groups. The degrees of correlation between hypertension and the obesity indices for different age groups were different among the females. WC, BMI, and WHtR were the highest in the 18–44, 45–59, and ≥60 years age groups, respectively. Furthermore, we compared the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of each obesity index for the criterion of hypertension under the influence of risk factors. For the males, the AUC of WHtR was the largest (0.814, 0.710, and 0.662). WC (AUC = 0.820), BMI (AUC = 0.765), and WHtR (AUC = 0.668) tended to be the best criteria for hypertension among females in the 18–44, 45–59, and ≥60 years age groups respectively. In addition, BAI, as an obesity indicator proposed in recent years, has a positive association with hypertension except in 18–44 years women, which was not stronger than other obesity indicators. ConclusionsFor males, WHtR appears to be the best obesity index related with hypertension. For young, middle-aged, and elderly women, the best obesity indices related with hypertension are WC, BMI, and WHtR, respectively.

Forecasting the Populations of Overweight and Obese Chinese Adults.

PurposeThe objective of this study was to forecast the prevalence rates and the populations of overweight and obese in Chinese adults for 2030.Materials and MethodsNine waves of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data from 1991 to 2015 were used. A polynomial regression model was fitted to obtain the average BMI change trajectory of the population born in different years according to different sexes and residence areas (urban and rural). The model fitted to CHNS 2015 survey data was used to forecast the distribution of BMI and the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in 15 years. The United Nations population forecast was then used to predict the proportions of overweight obese adults in all age groups in China in 2030.ResultsThe prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were projected to increase in both sexes and all geographic areas in future. By 2030, urban males will have the highest prevalence of overweight, 50.7% (95% CI: 47.5%, 53.9%). Except urban males, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in rural areas will exceed that in urban for both sexes. In 2030, the numbers of overweight and obese people in China aged 20–89 years will reach 540 million and 150 million, respectively, which are 2.8 and 7.5 times higher compared to prevalences in 2000. In 2030, the number of overweight and obese people in China aged 60–89 years will reach 200 million and 40 million, respectively, 6.3 and 8.5 times increments from the year 2000.ConclusionThe prevalence rates of overweight and obese in Chinese adults are projected to increase further, by 2030 more than half of adult males living in urban areas will be overweight. Combined with changes in the population age structure, overweight and obesity will have a huge impact on the health of the Chinese population over the next 15 years.

Measuring and decomposing socioeconomic-related inequality in the use of oral health services among Chinese adults.

This study aimed to measure socioeconomic-related inequality and horizontal inequity in the use of oral health services and decompose this inequality among adults of different age groups in China. In total, 10973 adults (3669 aged 35-44years, 3767 aged 55-64years and 3537 aged 65-74years) who participated in the 4th National Oral Health Survey (2015-2016) in China were included. Concentration curves and the Erreygers-corrected concentration index (EI) were employed to measure socioeconomic-related inequality in the use of oral health services. Then, inequity in this utilization was measured by the horizontal inequity index (HI). Furthermore, decomposition analyses were conducted for the three groups to explain the contributions of income level, need factors (ie self-assessed oral health and evaluated oral health status), other factors (ie sex, residential location, educational attainment level and type of basic insurance) and a residual term to overall inequality in oral health service utilization. The significant positive EI and HI values indicated that pro-rich inequality and inequity in oral health service utilization exist among Chinese adults. Income and type of basic medical insurance contributed the most to socioeconomic-related inequality in the use of oral health services among adults aged 55-64 and 65-74years. However, the main driving factors of socioeconomic inequality among adults aged 35-44years in dental care use included income, educational achievement, type of basic medical insurance and residential location. The need variables accounted for a very small proportion of overall socioeconomic-related inequality in oral health service use in all three groups. Oral healthcare service utilization was disproportionately concentrated among better-off Chinese adults. The primary determinants of inequality in dental care use in different age groups provide information for policymakers to create more targeted policies to achieve equity in the oral healthcare system in China.

Measuring character strengths as possible protective factors against suicidal ideation in older Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundSuicide is a global issue among the elderly. The number of older people committing suicide is proliferating, and the elderly suicide rate is the highest among all age groups in China. A better understanding of the possible protective factors against suicidal ideation is necessary to facilitate prevention and intervention efforts. The objectives of the present study are threefold. First, this study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the three-dimensional inventory of character strengths (TICS) with a sample of older adults. Second, this study intends to investigate correlations among suicide ideation, wellbeing, and character strengths. Third, the study seeks to explore the possible protective roles of the three character strengths and wellbeing in explaining suicidal ideation among older adults.MethodsA cross-sectional study comprising 308 older adults aged at least 50 years old from nursing homes was conducted. Four questionnaires, namely, the TICS, the Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale—10 items, the Brief Inventory of Thriving, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale, were used. Exploratory structural equation modeling, intraclass correlation coefficients, partial correlations, and sets of hierarchical regressions were adopted to estimate and report the results.ResultsTICS could be used to assess the character strengths (i.e., caring, inquisitiveness, and self-control) among older adults with an acceptable goodness-of-fit (chi square = 157.30, df = 63, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.07, 90% CI = [0.06, 0.08]). Wellbeing and character strengths exhibited a negative association with suicidal ideation among older adults. Moreover, character strengths showed an independently cross-sectional relationship with suicidal ideation, explaining 65.1% of the variance of suicidal ideation after controlling for the wellbeing and demographics.ConclusionThis study indicated that character strengths were associated with low levels of suicidal ideation. Therefore, the protective factors against suicidal ideation among older adults should be given additional attention.

Catastrophic health expenditure and health-related quality of life among older adults in China

AbstractOlder adults have more health-care needs and higher financial burdens but fewer income resources compared to other age groups in China. Meanwhile, substantial inequalities exist between rural and urban older adults in terms of welfare benefits level, access to health care, quality of care and financial resources to pay for health-care services. Using 2011–2013 panel data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and a difference-in-differences methodology, this study examined the association between the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and health-related quality of life among older adults in China. To distinguish the dynamic of CHE and generate rigorous estimates, we categorised the older adults into four groups: CHE entry group, non-CHE group, CHE exit group and CHE persistent group. Overall, we found that entry into CHE was associated with poorer physical and mental health for both rural and urban older adults, but this association was more consistent and robust for physical than for mental health. Exiting CHE was found to have a weak and sporadic positive association with physical and mental health across rural and urban areas. The results suggest that financial resources and social services are needed in China to support older adults who experience CHE persistently or periodically to help improve their health outcomes.

Serum antibodies against norovirus GI.1 and GII.4 in populations in central and eastern China

Objective To detect norovirus (NoV) GⅠ.1- and GⅡ.4-specific IgG, IgA and histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-blocking antibodies in healthy populations of all age groups in China for better understanding the epidemiological features of norovirus in China from a serological point of view and providing basic data for vaccine development and clinical trial design. Methods Indirect ELISA and HBGA-blocking assay were used to detect NoV-specific IgG, IgA and HBGA-blocking antibodies in serum samples collected from healthy natural populations (n=839, aged from six months to 88 years old) in Guangzhou, Fuyang and Yantai. The results were statistically analyzed. Results The total positive rates of NoV GⅠ.1- and GⅡ.4-specific IgG antibodies were 91.9% and 93.0%. The positive rates of GⅠ.1- and GⅡ.4-specific IgA antibodies were 48.6% and 75.6%, and the titers of HBGA-blocking antibodies to GⅠ.1 and GⅡ.4 norovirus were 5.04 (95%CI: 4.63-5.49) and 18.15 (95%CI: 16.11-20.44). The positive rates of IgG and IgA antibodies generally showed an increasing trend with age. The positive rates of GⅠ.1- and GⅡ.4-specific IgG antibodies ranged from 79.2% to 100.0% and 76.7% to 100.0% in different age groups. They were 81.7% and 85.0% in the age group of 0.5-<1 year, 79.2% and 76.7% in the age group of 1-<2 years, and 98.1% and 96.3% in the age group of 12-<18 years, and maintained at 96% and 98% in the older age groups. The positive rates of GⅠ.1-specific IgA antibody ranged from 11.7% to 93.8% in different age groups and rapidly increased with age. It was 11.7% in the age group of 0.5-<1 year, and reached 93.3% in people aged 45-<60 years and 93.8% in people aged ≥60 years. The positive rates of GⅡ.4-specific IgA antibody ranged from 50.8% to 88.8% in different age groups with 50.8% in people aged 0.5-<1 year, and 86.7%-90.7% in people aged 12-<18 years and older. The titer of GⅠ.1 HBGA-blocking antibody generally increased with age. The antibody titer in populations aged 0.5-<12 years old was lower than that in those aged 18 years and above (GMT: 2.98-4.07 vs 8.21-11.62, P<0.001), and the titer in people of 12-<18 years old was lower than that in those of 45 years old and above (GMT: 5.21 vs 11.03-11.62, P<0.05). No obvious change with age was observed in the titer of GⅡ.4 HBGA-blocking antibody excepting the significant difference between populations of 2-<5 and 22-<45 years old (GMT: 26.73 vs 11.87, P<0.01). Conclusions This study revealed the characteristics of serum NoV GⅠ.1- and GⅡ.4-specific IgG, IgA and HBGA blocking antibodies in populations of different age groups in central and eastern China through analyzing their positive rates and titers and provided preliminary seroepidemiological data for the development of NoV vaccines in China. Key words: Norovirus; Serum antibody; Receptor-blocking assay

Immunogenicity and safety of a meningococcal serogroups A and C tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (MenAC-TT): two immune schedules in toddles aged 12–23 months in China

ABSTRACT Background: This exploratory study aimed to assess the immunogenicity and safety of 1 and 2 doses of meningococcal serogroups A and C tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine (MenAC-TT) in toddles. Methods: Healthy participants aged 12–23 months were randomized into two groups to receive 1 or 2 doses of the tested vaccine. The interval was 28 days between two doses. Blood samples were collected at day 0 before the immunization and day 28 post-each dose. Safety observation was conducted during 28 days after each vaccination. Serious adverse event (SAE) was conducted throughout 6 month observation period. Results: Overall 301 toddles were vaccinated. Twenty-eight days post full-course vaccination, ≥97.20% toddles had titers ≥1:8 and ≥81.48% had titers ≥1:128 for MenA and MenC in the two schedules groups. There were no significant differences between the two schedule groups for each titer thresholds and serogroups. Up to month 12 post the first dose, titers ≥1:8 and 1:128 were declined to 71.32–80.83% and 26.67–57.85% for each meningococcal serogroups. Most adverse reactions (ARs) were mild or moderate, and the incidence of grade 3 ARs was below 3.33%. The incidence of redness was significantly higher in the two doses group than that in the one dose group, in terms of grade 1 and grade 2 were higher. No SAEs were considered causally related to vaccination. Conclusion: The MenAC-TT showed similarly safety and immunogenicity profile in toddles with two schedules. It will be more important to provide the data for formulating appropriate immunization strategies in different age groups in China.

Contradictory and consistent views on designing an inclusive community-based centre for older people: a mixed-methods study of different age groups in China

AbstractThe Chinese government encourages the promotion of community-based older people centres as a way to use space rationally, improve social inclusion and support older residents’ everyday lives. This exploratory study is the first to examine in depth the contradictory and consistent attitudes and suggestions of residents of different age groups for the design of an inclusive community-based centre for older and younger people in China. An integrative mixed-methods approach was used. In the quantitative phase, 270 older adults (⩾60 years) and 250 younger adults (&lt;60 years) from Harbin were asked to complete questionnaires (older adults’ response rate = 87.0%; younger adults’ response rate = 87.2%). In the qualitative phase, seven focus group discussions (four groups of older adults, three groups of younger adults) were conducted. The findings indicate that older adults have a higher acceptance level of inclusive design and prefer to share spaces to improve intergenerational interactions than younger adults. Residents of all ages are more likely to share functional spaces related to health services, living services and physical exercise. Moreover, the study reveals some design suggestions: the location of the centre should be away from the residential area and integrated into a public community building; comprehensive services should be provided to older people and be accessible to the whole family; design should be barrier-free, and the climate and nearby spaces should be considered.

THU-440-Changing incidence of reported hepatitis B and its different trends amongest age groups in china from 2004-2016

THU-440-Changing incidence of reported hepatitis B and its different trends amongest age groups in china from 2004-2016

Factors Affecting ICT Use in Health Communication among the Older Population in Jiangsu, China

AbstractWe examined the status of information communication technology (ICT) use among the older population in China and investigated their use of ICT in health communication and the factors that impacted their ICT adoption. A total of 215 people who were 45 or older participated in the study. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data on the participants’ social demographic characteristics, health condition, ICT use and ICT-based health communication activities. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, univariate logistic regression and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that 38.1 % of the participants reported being in a good health while 14.9 % were living with no chronic disease. The utilization of ICT was low, especially for computer and digital monitor devices. Only 4.7 % of the participants reported seeking health information online via computer and 7.4 % seeking health information using their cellphone, while 32 % and 14.9 % of the participants contacted healthcare providers or other patients via cellphone. Findings suggest a digital divide exists between the older population and other age groups in China. The older population need to increase the use of digital monitor devices and other ICT to facilitate their self-management process for healthcare purposes. eHealth literacy should be promoted among the older population to increase the adoption and use of ICT in health communication. Future intervention program developers and service providers should tailor their products and services to benefit the older population, especially those with low incomes, limited education and little experience of using ICT.

Safety of two doses of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine given 6 months apart in healthy toddlers, children, and adolescents aged 12 months to 15 years in China: a phase IV study

ABSTRACTHepatitis A is a vaccine-preventable infection caused by the HA virus (HAV) with transitional to intermediate endemicity in China. An inactivated vaccine first licensed in China in 2010 (Avaxim® 80U Pediatric) is indicated for primary and booster vaccination in children from 12 months to 15 years of age. This Phase IV, open-label, single-arm trial supported licensure in pediatric age groups in China. A total of 355 healthy infants and toddlers (< 2 years of age), children (2 to 11 years of age), and adolescents (≥ 12 years of age) were enrolled to receive two doses of intramuscular HA vaccine, separated by 6 months. Participants were split into Group 1 (infants and toddlers: N = 270) and Group 2 (children and adolescents: N = 85). Safety was assessed by solicited injection site and systemic adverse events (AEs) for 7 days and unsolicited AEs for 30 days after each vaccination. Serious AEs (SAEs) were collected throughout. Immunogenicity was not assessed. Analyses were descriptive. Both vaccinations were very well tolerated in each group. The incidence of solicited injection site reactions was lower in Group 1 (17.9%) than Group 2 (33.3%) and for solicited systemic reactions was similar for each group. The incidence of unsolicited AEs in Group 1 was 6.3% and none in Group 2. For solicited and unsolicited AEs the incidence was slightly higher after the first vaccination. There were no SAEs. Overall, the good safety profile of this pediatric HA vaccine was confirmed in infants, toddlers, children, and adolescents aged 12 months to 15 years in China.

Different trends in colorectal cancer mortality between age groups in China: an age-period-cohort and joinpoint analysis.

China is undergoing a rapid aging transition. The trends in age-specific mortality rates from colorectal cancer remain unknown, and a number of studies have not distinguished the age, period, and cohort effects simultaneously. A descriptive study was implemented with a joinpoint regression analysis and age-period-cohort (APC) model based on the intrinsic estimator (IE). Age-specific mortality rates of colorectal cancer (1987-2016) were collected by gender (men/women) and region (urban/rural). The average annual percentage change (AAPC) and relative risks in the trend were identified using joinpoint Poisson regression and APC model (IE), respectively. Joinpoint regression analysis revealed that the rates decreased in the younger (men aged <45 years and women aged <75 years) but increased in the older (men aged >75 years and women aged >80 years) age groups. The APC model (IE) showed that the rates increased with age and time period but decreased with birth cohorts. But from 2000 to 2005, the period effects showed a substantial decline among urban residents. From the 1910-1914 to the 1915-1919 birth cohort, mortality increased among men, and from the 1925-1929 to the 1930-1934 birth cohort, mortality increased among rural residents. The trends in colorectal cancer mortality are different between age groups. The younger age groups show a decreasing trend, whereas the older age groups an increasing trend. Cost-effective prevention and control should be implemented more in the elderly and for older cohorts at high risk.