Persons In Age Group Research Articles

Quantitative indicators of TREC and KREC excision circles in malignancies: a prospective cohort study

Background. In oncology, of particular interest is the study of the T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC) and the κ-deletion B-cell receptor excision circles (KREC), which are extrachromosomal DNA structures. In many malignancies, the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors depends on the mutational load of the tumor, which correlates with the formation of specific antitumor immunity. Quantitative indicators of recombination excision circles reflect the occurrence of a different repertoire of T-cell receptors, an integral component in the formation of specific immunity. Understanding the change in quantitative values of TREC and KREC in cancer patients can improve the selection of patients for immunotherapy. Aim. To determine quantitative indicators of TREC and KREC for immunological evaluation of patients with malignancies. Materials and methods. The study included 55 healthy individuals and 180 patients with malignancies. Among healthy individuals, 49.1% (27/55) were males and 50.9% (28/55) females. Among patients with malignancies, 20.5% (37/180) were males and 79.5% (143/180) females. The median age in healthy individuals was 36 years [Q1–Q3: 26–58]. The median age in the group of patients with malignancies was 57 years [Q1–Q3: 47.5–67]. Results. In the general population of healthy individuals, the median TREC level was 60.1 [Q1-Q3: 31.3-188.9] and the median KREC level was 256 [Q1-Q3: 149.8-353]. In the general population of patients with malignancies, the median TREC rate was 4.6 [Q1-Q3: 0.9-17.3] and the median KREC was 111.9 [Q1-Q3: 29.3-339.28]. According to the results of the study, we noted statistically significant differences in TREC and KREC indices between all patients with malignancies and healthy individuals (p0.001, p=0.001). Analysis of TREC and KREC indices in patients with malignancies of various localizations (breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, skin melanoma, lymphomas) in comparison with healthy individuals statistically significant differences in TREC level were noted (p=0.001, p0.001). When analyzing the KREC level in the studied groups, statistically significant differences in patients with ovarian malignancies (p0.001), lymphoma (p0.001), colorectal cancer (p=0.001) and melanoma (p=0.039) in comparison with healthy individuals were obtained. When comparing groups pairwise, it was found that TREC level in patients with malignancies in the age group of 25–44 years was significantly higher than in the age group of 45–60 years (p=0.03); TREC level in the age group of 25–44 years was significantly higher than in the age group of persons over 60 years (p0.001); TREC level in the age group of 45–60 years was significantly higher than in the age group over 60 years (p0.001). Statistically significant differences of KREC level in the studied patients with malignancies depending on the age group were not established (p=0.16), there were no age differences of groups by KREC level. Conclusion. The results demonstrate a significant decrease in TREC and KREC levels in patients with malignancies compared to healthy individuals. The study of TREC and KREC excision circles in peripheral blood is one of the promising approaches for the immunological evaluation of cancer patients.

High opioid doses, naloxone, and central nervous system active medications received by Medicare-enrolled adults.

A limited number of studies have analyzed prescribing among Medicare-enrolled adults at risk for opioid overdoses. The objectives of this study were to evaluate prescribing for naloxone and central nervous system (CNS) active medications and to determine the relationships of patient characteristics with exposure to these medications. This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of a Medicare-enrolled medication therapy management eligible cohort. Patients were stratified into two cohorts, individuals with a mean daily morphine milligram equivalent (MME) dose <50 and individuals with MME ≥50. Medications assessed included benzodiazepines, skeletal muscle relaxants (SMR), hypnotics, gabapentanoids, selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), antipsychotics, barbiturates, other antiepileptics, hydroxyzine, and naloxone. Chi-square with odds ratios and logistic regressions determined the relationships of medications and patient characteristics with mean daily MME ≥50. Relationship between medications and opioid dose was adjusted for age and sex. There were 3452 patients with a daily MME <50 and 1116 with a daily MME ≥50. After adjusting for age and sex, patients with a daily MME ≥50 were more likely to be prescribed hypnotics (OR: 1.41, 95% CI 1.17-1.70), SNRIs (OR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.17-1.64), and naloxone (OR: 3.21, 95% CI 2.49-4.12) (p < 0.001). Nine percent of eligible patients received naloxone. Age groups of persons <85 years of age had 1.58-4.04 (p ≤ 0.004) times the odds of being prescribed a mean daily MME ≥50. Nearly one-fourth of patients were prescribed a mean daily opioid therapy of MME ≥50. These patients were more likely to be prescribed hypnotics, SNRIs, and naloxone. Patients receiving chronic high-dose opioid therapy were more likely to be in age groups of persons <85 years. Naloxone may be underprescribed among eligible adults. Targeted medication services may ensure optimal prescribing among Medicare patients with chronic opioid therapies.

2017-2019 Sudden cardiac death registry of the Zabaykalsky Krai population (ZODIAC)

Aim. Based on the autopsy data, to analyze mortality patterns of the Zabaykalsky Krai population over a three-year period in the group of out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death (SCD).Material and methods. The protocols of deceased persons without evidence for violent death were analyzed with distribution into groups depending on age, sex and cause of death. Descriptive statistics were used for statistical processing.Results. The leading positions (58% of cases) in mortality patterns are occupied by various types of coronary artery disease (CAD). Chronic coronary syndromes were detected in 21%, cardiomyopathy — in 11%, decompensated heart failure — in 7%, myocarditis — in 1% of cases. Acute types of CAD were found in 68,4% in men and 31,6% in women. Among men, the number of such cases increases from 31 to 70 years of age and decreases over 70 years old. Among women, there is an increase in the SCD prevalence in the group over 70 years old.Chronic coronary syndromes were found in 46,4% in men and 53,6% in women. In both groups the number of cases increases with age. The maximum sex differences are observed in the group over 70 years old. The mean age for men is 72,2±8,8 years, for women — 77,2±10,4 years. Blood alcohol was detected in 10,2% of cases. The mean age of the deceased in all age groups of persons with identified blood alcohol was 66,2±12 years.In 1,89% of cases, I46 code (ICD-10) was established. The largest number of deaths among persons of both sexes was registered in the group of 31-40 years old, accounting for 36,8% among men and 13,2% among women. The mean age of the deceased was 35,8±8,4 years. In 28,6% of cases, ethyl alcohol was found in the biological media of the deceased in this group.Conclusion. Acute and chronic types of CAD make a significant contribution to out-of-hospital mortality. The number of SCD in men is higher than in women and is directly proportional to the age increase, reaching a maximum in the group over 70 years old. Ethyl alcohol, an important trigger of SCD, was detected in 10,8% of SCD cases in 2017, and in 15% in 2018 and 2019.

СПЕЦИФІКА СОЦІАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЛЮДЕЙ ПОХИЛОГО ВІКУ В СУЧАСНОМУ СУСПІЛЬСТВІ

At each age stage of personality development, the process of socialization is due to the influence of socio-cultural factors and has its own specificity. The elderly people preparing to retire and complete their professional activities are experiencing a peculiar crisis that directly affects the adaptation to new living conditions. The reduced adaptive capacity makes it difficult to respond to new challenges associated with living conditions in the information society. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to identify the key features of the third age people socialization in the modern society to determine the content of their socio-pedagogical support. The main methods used in the given study are analysis, synthesis, systematization, and generalization. The determined characteristic features of the elderly people socialization are the following: the success of this process, depending on the way of life in youth; the attitude of large and small social groups and institutions to this age group of persons; the attitude towards oneself, to others, to aging; the availability of an adaptation resource and opportunities for self-realization of the elderly in conditions of the fluidity of society. The analyzed «Strategy of the state policy on the issues of healthy and active longevity of the population for the period up to 2022» as well as its Action plan confirmed the interest of the state, the urgency and necessity of introducing the social and pedagogical support of the elderly in the present day information society. The definition of the peculiarities of this age group socialization provides grounds for the development of the content of social and pedagogical support, which involves creating conditions for improving this process, using art as a means that provides opportunities for implementing unmet needs, achieving emotional stability, getting rid of negative psychic states, activating artistic endeavor, extension of the range of social ties under current circumstances, etc. The prospect of further research lies in substantiating the peculiarities of social and pedagogical support of the elderly people in the information society and to prove the necessity of using art to improve their socialization process.

THE MEDICAL SOCIAL ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALCOHOL DEVIATION OF WOMEN AND PSYCHIC BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS IN CHILDREN

The social crisis of the end of XX century in Russia negatively impacted psycho-emotional condition of society and provoked increasing of drug addiction and alcoholism among population. The article applies inter-disciplinary position analyzing relationship between severe social psychological atmosphere of those years and mental, behavioral disorders in generation of children caused by alcohol abuse in generation of parents, especially mothers. The dynamics is presented concerning social mood of society, level of female alcoholism, nervous diseases morbidity of children. The mental and neurological disorders are discussed in the aspect of patterns of brain development during prenatal period. The biological sociological evaluation is given concerning impact of crisis of 1990s as a macro-social factor of mental and behavioral health of age group of persons born in 1990-2000s. The burden of crisis and negative emotional atmosphere in society, especially in the middle of 1990s, increasing of alcohol consumption and also dynamics of alcoholism and alcoholic psychosis morbidity of women during the same years, dynamics of nervous diseases morbidity of children aged 0-1 year in the Russian Federation with its surges, especially in 1994-1995, 1998 and 2009, permit to consider focused effect of social crisis on physical and mental health of newborns. During relative stabilization of 2010s, there is no such a concentration of negative factors. Also, certain positive circumstances are manifesting: learning of legal standards according which person is primarily responsible for one's own health, measures of struggle with alcoholism, development of perinatal medicine, etc.

Comparative Analysis of Gender and Age Differences in the Visions of Solitude

Background/Objectives: Consideration of certain aspects of solitude, external and internal causes of its origin, the role of situational factor in the individual context of experience, etc. represents a necessary and methodologically justified stage of research. Methods: We used the methods of theoretical analysis of the psychological phenomenon of solitude study trends thereby building a unique prospect of its integral perception. Theoretical provisions were confirmed by the experimental results obtained during the analysis of the problems of solitude in the general humanitarian aspect in certain groups of population with account of gender, age and social differences. Findings: In total, among all studied age groups of persons with high degree of social isolation, a considerable prevalence of family problems was distinguished in the structure of the leading reasons of solitude for women, whereas job and personal are typical of men, which completely corresponds to the theoretic provisions of the research and results of other works. The main difference in the vision of the solitude causes in the population under study and results obtained in the group of socially isolated persons was the excessive frequency of diseases and personal problems, and relative decrease of job and family problems. The provided data indicate, first and foremost, the existence of a considerable dynamics in a subjective feeling of solitude in the process of human life. Applications: Distinguishing the causes of solitude and their comparative analysis taking into consideration gender, age and social differences are aimed at improving lifestyle attitudes at the individual level and in society as a whole.

Sociological portrait of infanticide in the United states, end XX - beginning of XXI century: victims and perpetrators

This article focuses on mortality in children under 5 years in the United States of homicides. Infanticide has become one of the most common crimes against the person in the United States during the second half of XX - beginning of XXI centuries. This fact contributed to the problem of violent crime against children has been actively developed in American criminology. The following article is devoted to mortality from homicides among children under the age of 5 years old in the United States of America. Statistical reports of the Federal Bureau of Investigation during the period of 1980-2013 have been used as an empirical base for research. Carried out a critical analysis of a wide range of research of American specialists in various branches of science (criminologists, sociologists, psychiatrists, physicians), devoted to the problems of infanticide in the United States. The basic parameters of infanticide, the dynamics and characteristics of this type of crime. Revealed a rather complicated dynamics of infanticide in the United States for a designated length of chronological period’s ups and downs in the development of this type of crime. Victimization characteristics of children died of homicides as per sex, age and race have been presented. It is found that among American children under the age of 5 years, the greatest risk of becoming a victim of premeditated murder was in children under the age of 1 year. Generalized characteristics of criminals having committed infanticide during this period of time as per sex, kinship of the victim, means used to murder have been revealed. This study found that during the period under review the chronological development of the United States of persons detained by the police for the murder of a child under the age of 5 years, which is numerically dominated by men. These statistics can be traced in all age groups of persons who have committed infanticide in the United States in the 1980-2013 periods. Analysis of statistical sources provided the following social characteristics of mothers who killed their own children: the vast majority come from poor families, are relatively young, lonely, or experienced acute tensions with parents in the period before the birth of the child. The authors have analyzed foreign scientific literature, dealing with motivation and socio-psychological characteristics of mothers who killed their babies and presented some separate guidelines on the prevention of this type of crime. They also analyzed the features of infanticide prevention in the United States, aimed at authorities’ activity in crime reducing throughout the country, and identified positive aspects of criminological experience of American experts and the possibility to use it to study the problems and improve the system of infanticide prevention in Russia.

PRELIMINARY ANTHELMINTIC STUDIES ON THE TWO VARIETIES OF PUNICA GRANATUM FRUIT EXTRACTS

Resistance to anthelmintic drugs has become a big challenge in developing nations as well as developed countries. According to WHO only few drugs are available till yet for the treatment of helminth infection. Helminths can affects an y age group of person whether it may be a child or adult. Punica granatum is a fruit bearing plant of family Punicaceae which aims for the treatment of Helminthesiasis, Its English name is Pomegranate. In ancient time its various parts were used to treat m any kind s of ailments. In the present study the Punica granatum fruit extracts of two varieties were taken to explore comparative anthelmintic potential. The two were Punica granatum Nashik (India) and Punica granatum Kandhari (Afgan) . Isolation and extrac tion of peel, seed and juice of both varieties were done in laboratory. O nly ethanolic extract of Epicarp and seed were taken. It was found that the Epicarp of Nasik variety has great pote ntial for anthelmintic activity and juice possesses no anthelmintic activity. Albendazole, Piperazine citrate and Pyrantel pamoate were taken as standard drugs. Dose of all extract s and standard drugs were taken as 20 mg/ml for in vitro study.

Risk analysis tools for toxicological profile of cosmetics

Cosmetic products made up of mixtures of ingredients used by all age group of person to keep their skin healthier and fresh. Occasionally, undesirable sides effect both local and systemic may occur with the use of cosmetics. Claimed effects and safety of cosmetic products depends upon the ingredients incorporated. Study of risk assessment associated with ingredients is the best way to avoid future problems. By adopting proper methodologies and techniques risk factors of ingredients incorporated in cosmetics can be determined and managed at safety level. This paper enlightened the toxic effects associated with some of the cosmetic ingredients, with the tool used for risk analysis and management procedure. This review encourage the industrialist, cosmeticians, pharmacist and researchers to carry and publish more cosmetic toxicity studies, which would help to explore the myth of cosmetics in front of consumers that will beneficial in terms of human health.

An estimate of diabetes prevalence from a national population sample: a male excess.

We report the prevalence of diabetes in a population sample of 10,083 persons who were aged 25 to 64 years in eight city centres. One hundred and sixty-nine persons were known to have diabetes and 48 persons were newly-discovered to have diabetes on the basis of fasting hyperglycaemia (plasma glucose level, equal to or greater than 7.8 mmol/L). Type-1 diabetes was identified by clinical criteria and accounted for 19% of cases of known diabetes, but this proportion ranged from 67% of persons with known diabetes in the age-group of 25-29 years, to between 9% and 15% in the age-groups of persons who were 50 years of age and over. For both known and newly-discovered cases, persons with type-2 diabetes showed a significant male preponderance, which suggests that an environmental factor is operating preferentially on male subjects to cause this form of diabetes. The results of the present study, when taken with those of other recent prevalence studies, enable an approximate estimate of numbers of persons with diabetes in Australia. Approximately 250,000 persons have diagnosed diabetes, of whom 40,000 persons have type-1 diabetes, including 7000 persons who are less than 25 years of age. The number of persons with undiagnosed diabetes who could be identified on the basis of fasting hyperglycaemia is estimated to be 75,000; an additional 150,000 persons would be diagnosed to have diabetes if they were to undergo glucose tolerance tests. This study gave prevalence rates for known diabetes in Australia in 1984 of 1.6% at all ages and 2.4% for adults who were 21 years of age and older; additionally, the estimated prevalence rates for undiagnosed diabetes were 1.4% for all ages and 2.2% for adults.