Age Distribution Of Population Research Articles

Aging and real estate prices in Germany

AbstractExploiting regional heterogeneity in population dynamics across more than 10,000 municipalities in Germany, we provide robust empirical evidence that population aging depresses real estate prices and rents. Using millions of individual real estate listings and detailed demographic data at the municipality level, we estimate that average sales prices in 2020 would have been up to 12% higher if the population age distribution had been the same as in 2008. We show that population aging not only reduces prices but also increases the availability of real estate. In addition, we document substantial heterogeneity in price responses across dwelling type, property characteristics, and urban-rural status, suggesting that lower housing demand and life-cycle dissaving are driving our results. We predict that population aging will continue to exert downward pressure on house prices and exacerbate regional disparities in Germany.

A study about the prediction of population growth and demographic transition in Bangladesh

AbstractBangladesh is the smallest nation in South Asia, with the eighth-largest and tenth-largest population density globally. The main goal of this article is to find the population growth and demographic transition (DT) in Bangladesh. The time series data used in this paper were gathered from population surveys, national censuses, and UN Population division, population projections and estimates. There are numerous variations in the population's size and age distribution due to Bangladesh's continuing demographic transition, which creates possibilities for the economy and society and difficulties for policy. It must be successfully controlled to develop this population into stronger and more stable economic and social development. Bangladesh's population and policymakers observe increasing population growth concerns, as the country's economy and policies heavily depend on both the population's size and growth rate. Bangladesh's changing demographics are creating new economic opportunities, and the findings presented in this paper could be useful to planners and policymakers to enhance Bangladesh's population policy. At the end of the pioneering study, we presented graphically what the population of Bangladesh could be in 2000- 2100 and the impact it would have on Bangladesh.

Comparison of Chinese and international research on physical literacy in education – a visual analysis based on CiteSpaceV

In order to explore the comparison of Chinese and international frontier hots pots and development trend on physical literacy in education (PLIE) research, 118 research articles included in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and 1439 research articles included in Web of Science (WOS) core collection related to “physical literacy in education” were used as the research objects. CiteSpace V (version 5.8.R3 - 64 bit) is used to create a visual knowledge map of this research field and analyzed the time distribution, authors, institutions and keywords. The results show that the time distribution of research stages in China is generally consistent with that of international research. Although Chinese research in this field is also among the top in the world, the distribution of authors and institutions is more homogeneous than international ones, and the cooperation between authors and institutions is very weak. In terms of the age distribution of the study population, international studies cover almost all age groups and are more diverse in research content. In contrast, Chinese research is limited to focus on adolescents and college students, and the research content is mostly on physical education and school physical education. There is still a gap between China and the international advanced level in the field of PLIE research, and it is necessary to strengthen the longitudinal and interdisciplinary exploration in the future. The concept of physical literacy needs to be further researched and defined and more research results need to be published in influential journals to expand the influence of the field of PLIE research both in China and internationally.

Balancing the benefits of vaccination: An envy-free strategy.

The Covid-19 pandemic revealed the difficulties of vaccinating a population under the circumstances marked by urgency and limited availability of doses while balancing benefits associated with distinct guidelines satisfying specific ethical criteria. We offer a vaccination strategy that may be useful in this regard. It relies on the mathematical concept of envy-freeness. We consider finding balance by allocating the resource among individuals that seem heterogeneous concerning the direct and indirect benefits of vaccination, depending on age. The proposed strategy adapts a constructive approach in the literature based on Sperner's Lemma to point out an approximate division of doses guaranteeing that both benefits are optimized each time a batch becomes available. Applications using data about population age distributions from diverse countries suggest that, among other features, this strategy maintains the desired balance, throughout the entire vaccination period. We discuss complementary aspects of the method in the context of epidemiological models of age-stratified Susceptible - Infected - Recovered (SIR) type.

Replacement of Total Abdominal Hysterectomy by TLH in a Patient with Previous Pelvic Surgery

Background: In a patient who had previous pelvic surgery, total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) has well-established advantages over total abdominal hysterectomy. The hysterectomy is a common gynaecological operation. Although the vaginal route is preferred for hysterectomy, the best route for women who are not candidates for the vaginal approach is unknown. Hysterectomies are increasingly being performed laparoscopically as technology advances and experience grows. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the replacement of total abdominal hysterectomy by TLH in a patient with previous pelvic surgery. Method: This observational study was carried out on 60 women admitted in the Department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Labaid specialized Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the study period. The duration of the period was from July 2021 to June 2022. The data for this study about had been accumulated from patients sociodemographic & obstetrics information, physical examination and per-operative findings. Statistical evaluation of the results used to be got via the use of a window-based computer software program devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-24). Results: A total of 60 patients were included in final analysis. According to the study population's age distribution of the study population, it was observed that 15(25.0%) were in group 35-38, 23(38.33%) were in group 39-42, 16(26.66%) were in group 43-46 and 6(10.0%) were in group 47-50. according to patient demographics, it was observed that 44(73.33%) were Leiomyoma, 29(48.33%) were Bleeding, 3(5.0%) were Pelvic pressure, 19(31.66) were Pelvic pain and 15(0%) were size growth. Conclusion: TLH for endometrial pathology has few problems and is well tolerated by a restricted group of patients. For suitable patients, the benefits include decreased blood loss and a shorter hospital stay. TLH can be performed effectively despite previous abdominal surgery. Patients who had previous .......

(364) Development of a Men’s Health Report Card for the State of Florida

Abstract Introduction Collecting regional health data that identifies causes of morbidity and mortality is imperative in order to guide the planning and implementation of programs and policies that will ultimately improve men’s health. Unintentional impact accidents are a major source of morbidity and mortality for young males across the United States. Other potentially reversible behaviors that have adverse behaviors that n’s health include smoking, vaping, and failing to undergo recommended cancer screenings. Corroborating this data on a regional level within our state of Florida, as well as understanding the prevalence of activities and behaviors that may adversely impact men’s health is important to build a strategy that reverses these trends. Objective The overarching goal was to develop a Men’s Health Report Card for the State of Florida which elucidated important health data that could be used to drive an evidence-based men’s health initiative for our state. In this study, we sought to evaluate the impact of accidental injuries on mortality and define specifics associated with those accidental injuries that may be used to mitigate the incidence of accidental deaths, Methods Data was obtained from various sources to develop a Men's Health Report Card for the State of Florida. The sources include the United States Census Bureau (USCB), the State Department of Health, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Florida Department of Health (FDH). The demographic data obtained from the USCB includes information on the population size, age distribution, race, and ethnicity breakdown within Florida. FDH contributed health indicator data from multiple sources. This data includes information from death certificates, providing insight into the leading causes of death for men in Florida, including COVID-19 death reports specific to gender and age. USCB American Community Survey provides data on social determinants of health, such as high school graduation rates and income levels falling below the federal poverty guidelines. CDC National Center for Health Statistics Mortality in the United States Report provides data on life expectancy in Florida and the United States organized by race and sex. The data spanned from the years 2015 and 2018. Results Figure 1 highlights some of the important information that was gleaned with regard to the state of Men’s Health in Florida. On average, Floridian men had a 5- year shorter life expectancy at birth than their female counterparts. Leading causes of male deaths in our state include heart disease, cancer, unintentional injuries, chronic lung disease, and cerebrovascular disease. The relative incidence of these sources of mortality is age dependent. It is notable that among young males, ages 18-54 years old, unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide accounted for approximately 75% of male deaths. With respect to health behaviors: smoking and vaping, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, alcohol abuse, and not wearing a seat belt remain highly prevalent among Floridian males. Notable among the cancer screenings, 30% of Floridian men over 50 years have never had a colonoscopy and 40% of men 50 years and older have never had a serum PSA test. Finally, it is notable that 15% of Floridian males could not see a physician due to cost, and close to 20% had no healthcare insurance coverage. Conclusions The State of Florida Men’s Health Report card defines significant causes of morbidity and mortality for Floridian males. As can be seen in this report, many of the sources of morbidity and mortality arise from unhealthy lifestyle choices, which if addressed could potentially reverse some of these trends. Racial, ethnic, and geographic health disparities among Floridian males exist and will require further work in the future to remedy this situation. Disclosure No.

Estimating the effect of population age distribution on CO2 emissions in developing countries

ABSTRACT This study evaluates the effect of the population’s age structure on CO2 emissions based on the panel data of 82 developing nations between 1990 and 2019. We use 20–34, 35–49, 50–64, and 65 and above as four population age groups. The findings from the dynamic common correlated effect (DCCE) estimator show a positive association between the ratios of the population aged 20–34, 35–49, and 50–64 years with CO2 emissions. The results also exhibit the heterogeneous impacts of the population’s age structure on the CO2 emissions for lower-income and higher-income countries. For instance, people aged 20–34 and 35–49 years in lower-income countries are responsible for an increase in CO2 emissions, and the population over age 65 and age 50–64 years are associated with an increase in the CO2 emissions in higher-income countries. The additional findings indicate that urbanisation, energy consumption, and economic growth are other factors that adversely affect the environment. Based on this evidence, to mitigate the aggregate CO2 emissions, the governments of these nations must pay close attention to the population’s age distribution.

MODELING THE TRANSITION TO THE FOURTH EPIDEMIOLOGIC STAGE OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: PREVALENCE EQUILIBRIUM

Abstract BACKGROUND A theoretical framework for population-level transition across four epidemiologic stages has been proposed for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): 1. Emergence (low incidence/prevalence); 2. Acceleration in Incidence (rapid rising incidence); 3. Compounding Prevalence (stabilizing incidence, rapid rising prevalence); and 4. Prevalence Equilibrium (decelerated prevalence), which no region has entered yet. Many regions of the early-industrialized world (North America, Europe, Oceania) are currently in stage 3. AIM To model the transition to the 4th epidemiologic stage of IBD based on real-world data. METHODS Transition to stage 4 involves deceleration of prevalence after a period of rapid increase. Age-specific, population-based incidence and prevalence data from Canada (2007–2014, >97% of population) were used to model changing prevalence using a partial differential equation (PDE) derived from a compartment model (Figure 1). The PDE is built on an average historical incidence value (2007–2014) and accounts for changing population age distributions over time. The PDE prevalence output was internally validated by comparing observed historical prevalence values with model outputs. After validation, the model was used to forecast future age-stratified prevalence and provide an estimate for when the transition to stage 4 is expected. Although incidence is predicted to stabilize in stage 3, the PDE was run on five scenarios to account for variability in future incidence values; therefore, we modeled annual incidence increases of 2% and 1%, stable incidence, and annual incidence decreases of 1% and 2%. RESULTS Internal validation of the model compared observed to predicted prevalence values in 2014: The observed prevalence was 0.677%; the model output was 0.678%. The model predicts gradual prevalence deceleration across 2020–2043 (Figure 2). In 2043, prevalence is modeled to range between 1.101% and 1.293% across incidence scenarios (−2% to 2%). Assuming a stable incidence, as predicted by stage 3, the increase in prevalence slows from a difference in annual percent change of 0.021% in 2020 to 0.011% in 2043, signalling transition towards stage 4 (Figure 2). DISCUSSION Stage 3 (Compounding Prevalence) is characterized by a stabilizing incidence trend, and rapid growth in prevalence. Without a growing incidence rate, the IBD population continues to age until mortality approximates incidence, thereby allowing prevalence to stabilize (Stage 4). Understanding the markers of epidemiologic transition and predicting the future population distribution (age, prevalence) of IBD allows healthcare administrators to anticipate the future needs of gastroenterology clinics to continue offering timely, high-quality care and prepare for an aging IBD population with complications from long-standing disease, age-related comorbidities, and polypharmacy. Figure 1 Compartment model that feeds the partial differential equation. The compartment model has three states: healthy (H), diseased (S), and dead (D); the i = incidence; r = remission, and m0 = mortality rates are dependent on age (a) and time (i), where as m1 = mortality rate is dependent on age, time, and possibly duration of disease (d). Figure 2 Modeled time-dependent prevalence of IBD in Canada for 2%, 1%, 0%, −1%, and −2% change in annual incidence (2015–2043).

Examining the Spread of Charcoal-Burning Suicide in Taiwan.

Background: Charcoal-burning has become a predominant method of suicide in many East-Asian countries since the 1990s. Aims: To explore charcoal-burning suicide trends from 1996 to 2020 in Taiwan. Methods: Joinpoint regression models were applied to identify suicide trends over the study period. Decompositional analyses quantified the contributions of age, sex, suicide method, and area of residence to suicide rate trends, accounting for age and geographical distribution of the general population, with a focus on charcoal-burning suicide. Results: There were three stages of suicide rate trends: increasing (1996-2006), descending (2006-2011), and levelling-off (2011-2020). Suicide by charcoal-burning accounted for 70% of the increasing suicide rates between 1996 and 2006 and 50% of the decreasing rates in the descending stage (2011-2020). During the levelling-off stage, suicide by charcoal-burning continued to decrease, albeit slowly. During the descending stage, there was a partial "substitution" of jumping for charcoal-burning. During the levelling-off stage, suicide by hanging partially "substituted" for suicide by charcoal-burning. Limitations: The variables included were limited by data availability. Conclusions: Charcoal-burning remains the second most common method of suicide in Taiwan today. Charcoal-burning has been partially replaced in the last 10 years by jumping and hanging. Monitoring suicide methods and trends is essential for suicide prevention interventions.

Cardiac T1ρ Mapping Values Affected by Age and Sex in a Healthy Chinese Cohort.

To facilitate the clinical use of cardiac T1ρ, it is important to understand the impact of age and sex on T1ρ values of the myocardium. To investigate the impact of age and gender on myocardial T1ρ values. Cross-sectional. Two hundred ten healthy Han Chinese volunteers without cardiovascular risk factors (85 males, mean age 34.4 ± 12.5 years; 125 females, mean age 37.9 ± 14.8 years). 1.5 T; T1ρ-prepared steady-state free precession (T1ρ mapping) sequence. Basal, mid, and apical short-axis left ventricular T1ρ maps were acquired. T1ρ maps acquired with spin-lock frequencies of 5 and 400 Hz were subtracted to create a myocardial fibrosis index (mFI) map. T1ρ and mFI values across different age decades, sex, and slice locations were compared. Shapiro-Wilk test, Student's t test, Mann-Whitney U test, linear regression analysis, one-way analysis of variance and intraclass correlation coefficient. P value <0.05. Women had significantly higher T1ρ and mFI values than men (50.3 ± 2.0 msec vs. 47.7 ± 2.4 msec and 4.7 ± 1.0 msec vs. 4.3 ± 1.1 msec, respectively). Additionally, in males and females combined, there was a significant positive but weak correlation between T1ρ values and age (r = 0.27), while no correlation was observed between the mFI values and age (P = 0.969). We report potential reference values for cardiac T1ρ by sex, age distribution, and slice location in a Chinese population. T1ρ was significantly correlated with age and sex, while mFI was only associated with sex. 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.

Capitalizing the Demographic dividend of Pakistan-future prospects

Demographic dividend refers to the economic growth and development resulting from a change in the age structure of a country’s population.1 Rapid growth in a country occurs as a consequence of declining fertility, facilitated by low child and infant mortality. A country with younger people and lessoning fertility reaps a ‘demographic dividend’ by increasing productivity and decreasing dependency. With low dependency ratio, governments and people can redirect resources for investments in education, healthcare, and infrastructure, creating a virtuous cycle of development, as better education and healthcare can now lead to greater productivity gains.2 The demographic dividend is specifically beneficial for those countries which accelerate their economic development through strategic investments and policies.3 The relationship of economic development and population changes has evolved into an important subject recently. Historically since the Second World War, a demographic shift has been undergoing in developing countries, from high to low rates of mortality and fertility. This transition produced a "boom" generation, that is, a generation larger than those immediately before and after it.4 The East Asian nations were at the forefront of this transition while Latin America, began their transitions afterwards, in the 1960s and 70s. Countries in the Middle East and Africa, have not yet fully begun, or are in the initial stages of this transition.5 Pakistan, like many other countries, stands at a critical juncture where the demographic dividend can either be a transformative force for economic growth or a missed opportunity. Currently, 64 percent of the nation is younger than 30 years of age. Pakistan now has more young people than it has ever had in the past, and predicted to continue to increase till 2050 with many needing jobs. The age distribution of Pakistan's population is heavily skewed towards youth. This presents both opportunities and challenges for the country's future development.6 A favorable age structure alone does not yield the dividend. It does not produce benefit automatically. Just like any opportunity, one must exert effort to realize its advantage. To materialize the dividend, the sizeable young and working-age population must be gainfully employed7. For economic growth, quality education, adequate nutrition and health, and access to sexual and reproductive health must be ensured to younger population. The country faces multifaceted challenges that intersect with the broader themes of the demographic dividend. One of the biggest challenges that Pakistan faces in realizing its demographic dividend is the lack of education.8 According to a recent report, only 58% of Pakistani children go to primary school, and just 28% complete secondary education. This lack of education limits the potential of the workforce and hinders economic growth.

Tectonic significance of the late-Ediacaran syn-orogenic basin in the easternmost portion of the Paraguay Belt, Tocantins Province, central Brazil

Sedimentary provenance studies using detrital zircon U–Pb ages represent an important tool to investigate the evolution of orogenic basins and to suggest tectonic settings and paleogeography reconstructions when it comes to supercontinent modeling. Syn-orogenic basins worldwide are characterized by a large proportion of zircons with ages close to the maximum depositional period, reflecting the proximity of recently formed magmatic rocks. In this work, we combine field observations, detrital zircon U–Pb ages, whole-rock Sm–Nd and mica Ar–Ar isotopic analyses to constrain the final tectonic evolution of a restricted basin located in a poorly studied region at the easternmost limit of the Paraguay Belt in the Tocantins Province, central Brazil. The investigated area corresponds to the boundary sector of the Paraguay Belt and the Brasília Belt and is also transected by the strike-slip fault system associated with the Transbrasiliano Lineament. This sector was previously mapped as part of the Cuiaba Group, internal zone of the Paraguay Belt. We provide 465 new detrital zircon U–Pb data with ages distributed from the early Cambrian to the Archean, with approximately 60% of the analyzed grains derived from Ediacaran-Cryogenian sources. The maximum depositional age of the basin is defined at ca. 590 Ma, constrained by the youngest age peak and an evident provenance shift in detrital input in the Paraguay Belt was demonstrated. The syn-orogenic character of the basin is inferred based on the main peak of the detrital zircon population age distribution around 600 Ma, which is very close to the maximum depositional period and points to a short time between erosion, deposition, and burial processes. The muscovite 40Ar/39Ar age of ca. 536–546 Ma obtained for muscovite schist metamorphosed under greenschist facies conditions indicates that the regional thermal regime was maintained up to the early-Cambrian in the area. The minimum fast cooling rate of 25 °C/Myr defined in the investigated area is constrained by the 40Ar/39Ar analysis of biotite (549.16 ± 1.30 Ma) from a syn-to late-kinematic granodiorite intrusion. The very rapid magma emplacement occurred into relatively shallow crustal levels through the associated strike-slip faults. The Transbrasiliano Lineament would have facilitated the rapid unroofing of the study area and therefore the syn-orogenic deposition in a foreland domain at the final phase of West Gondwana amalgamation. The studied metasedimentary rocks represent a transition phase from the passive margin sedimentation (Cuiabá Group) to an orogenic phase, constraining an inversion event in the West Gondwana around ca. 590 Ma. The data provide evidence of a late orogenic basin that was formed contemporaneously with the evolution of an active margin between the Amazonian Craton and the eastern blocks/cratons (São Francisco-Congo and Rio de la Plata cratons and Paranapanema Block) close to Cambrian times. Our results support the existence of the younger Clymene Ocean and the subsequent final assembly of West Gondwana in the Cambrian.

Associations of eHealth literacy and knowledge with preventive behaviours and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based online survey

ObjectivesTo compare the associations of COVID-19 preventive behaviours and depressive and anxiety symptoms with eHealth literacy and COVID-19 knowledge among Korean adults.DesignA cross-sectional online survey was conducted in April 2020.SettingSeoul...

Real-World User Demographics of Three Web-Based Digital Mental Health Interventions Provided by the US Department of Veterans Affairs: Observational Study Using Web Analytics Data.

Unguided digital mental health interventions (UDMHIs) have the potential to provide low-cost and effective mental health care at scale. Controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of UDMHIs to address mental health symptoms and conditions. However, few previous publications have described the demographics of real-world users of UDMHIs that are freely available to the public. The US Department of Veterans Affairs has created and hosts several UDMHIs on its Veteran Training Portal website. These web-based, free-to-use, and publicly available UDMHIs include Path to Better Sleep, Anger and Irritability Management Skills, and Moving Forward, which focus on insomnia, problematic anger, and depression symptoms, respectively. This study aimed to examine the user demographics of these 3 UDMHIs in the year 2021. In addition, it aimed to compare the age and gender distribution of the users of those 3 UDMHIs with one another and with the age and gender distribution of the total US veteran population. Google Analytics was used to collect user data for each of the 3 UDMHIs. The age and gender distribution of the users of each UDMHI was compared with that of the other UDMHIs as well as with that of the overall US veteran population using chi-square tests. Information on the total number of users, the country they were in, and the devices they used to access the UDMHIs was also collected and reported. In 2021, the 3 UDMHIs together recorded 29,306 unique users. The estimated age range and gender were available for 24.12% (7068/29,306) of those users. Each UDMHI's age and gender distribution significantly differed from that of the other UDMHIs and from that of the overall US veteran population (P<.001 on all chi-square tests). Women and younger age groups were overrepresented among UDMHI users compared with the overall US veteran population. The majority of devices used to access the UDMHIs were desktop or laptop devices, although a substantial proportion of devices used were mobile devices (10,199/29,752, 34.28%). Most users (27,789/29,748, 93.41%) were located in the United States, with users from Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia accounting for another 2.61% (775/29,748) of total users. Our use of Google Analytics data provided useful information about the users of 3 free and publicly available UDMHIs provided by the US Department of Veterans Affairs. Although our findings should be considered in light of the limitations of autonomously collected web analytics data, they still offer useful information for health care policy makers, administrators, and UDMHI developers.

DEMOGRAPHIC MODEL "DONOR-RECIPIENT" ON THE EXAMPLE OF COUNTRIES: UKRAINE AND BANGLADESH

The demographic imbalance is a serious problem in Ukraine due to overall demographic stagnation since 1992, economic labor migration, and war [1]. A proposed solution is targeted demographic migration. For example, migrants can contribute by transferring knowledge and skills to develop various sectors, including healthcare, education, and others. Ukraine is facing out-migration and depopulation, especially in the industrial and agricultural sectors. Migrants can help fill these vacancies, contributing to economic development and providing the necessary labor force. Ukraine also faces demographic security challenges, including an aging population [6] and low fertility rates. To address these issues, it is necessary to develop effective government programs and policies aimed at supporting families and fertility. On the other hand Bangladesh is considered as one of the over populated countries on the planet. About 1,168.79 people are living per square kilometer area. It increases 1.03% from the previous year i.e. 2022 in 2023. Bangladesh is enjoying a youth population mean since long. According to an UNFPA study about 20% of their populations are 15-24 years of age. Moreover 48% of their populations are in working age from 25-60 years. Every year millions of Bangladeshi expatriate workers fly to Middle East, East Asian, European and North American countries to get job and they are contributing about USD 25 billion per year as remittance to Bangladesh economy. Objective. Is to solve the problem of the demographic crisis in Ukraine and to develop migration relationship. Methods. In this article we did literature review: we conducted a thorough review of existing literature on demographic models, migration, and population trends in Ukraine and Bangladesh. This would have involved searching for and analyzing relevant academic articles, reports, and statistical data. Also we use method called data analysis: we analyzed demographic data from Ukraine and Bangladesh, including population size, growth rate, age distribution, and migration patterns. We did case study: we used Ukraine and Bangladesh as case studies to illustrate the application of the «donor-recipient» demographic model. We did proposal development and peer review. Are many scholars who study demography and explore different strategies in this area. Results. The demographic imbalance is a serious problem in Ukraine due to overall demographic stagnation since 1992, economic labor migration, and war. The proposed solution is targeted demographic migration, where migrants can contribute by transferring knowledge and skills to develop various sectors, including healthcare, education, and others. We propose a comprehensive migration policy that defines the goals of migration, the desired types of migrants, and the steps that will be taken to support migrants. The article provides a detailed analysis of the demographic trends and challenges in these countries and proposes a solution that is based on the «donor-recipient» model, which has been successfully implemented in other countries. The proposed migration policy can contribute to economic development, reduction of discrimination and xenophobia, and the development of tourism infrastructure in Ukraine. Scientific novelty. It lies in the proposal of a targeted demographic migration program that is tailored to the specific needs and characteristics of Ukraine and Bangladesh. The article provides a detailed analysis of the demographic trends and challenges in these countries and proposes a solution that is based on the «donor-recipient» model, which has been successfully implemented in other countries. Practical significance. Economic development: the migration of skilled workers from Bangladesh to Ukraine can help fill labor shortages in key sectors such as healthcare and education, which can contribute to economic development in Ukraine. Reduction of discrimination and xenophobia: the coexistence of different nationalities can help reduce stereotypes and assumptions about other cultures, which can contribute to a more tolerant and inclusive society. Development of tourism infrastructure: migrants from Bangladesh can draw attention to Ukrainian tourist destinations among their compatriots and other tourists from South Asia, which can contribute to the development of tourism infrastructure in Ukraine. Transfer of knowledge and skills: migrants can contribute by transferring knowledge and skills to develop various sectors, including healthcare, education, and others. Strengthening of cultural ties: the exchange of cultural values between Ukraine and Bangladesh can enrich both societies and strengthen cultural ties between the two countries.

Impact of subgroup-specific heterogeneities and dynamic changes in mortality rates on forecasted population size, deaths, and age distribution of persons receiving antiretroviral treatment in the United States: a computer simulation study

PurposeModel-based forecasts of population size, deaths, and age distribution of people with HIV (PWH) are helpful for public health and clinical services planning but are influenced by subgroup-specific heterogeneities and changes in mortality rates. MethodsUsing an agent-based simulation of PWH in the United States, we examined the impact of distinct approaches to parametrizing mortality rates on forecasted epidemiology of PWH on antiretroviral treatment (ART). We first estimated mortality rates among (1) all PWH, (2) sex-specific, (3) sex-and-race/ethnicity-specific, and (4) sex-race/ethnicity-and-HIV-acquisition-risk-specific subgroups. We then assessed each scenario by (1) allowing unrestricted reductions in age-specific mortality rates over time and (2) restricting the mortality rates among PWH to subgroup-specific mortality thresholds from the general population. ResultsAmong the eight scenarios examined, those lacking subgroup-specific heterogeneities and those allowing unrestricted reductions in future mortality rates forecasted the lowest number of deaths among all PWH and 9 of the 15 subgroups through 2030. The forecasted overall number and age distribution of people with a history of injection drug use were sensitive to inclusion of subgroup-specific mortality rates. ConclusionsOur results underscore the potential risk of underestimating future deaths by models lacking subgroup-specific heterogeneities in mortality rates, and those allowing unrestricted reductions in future mortality rates.

Histopathological changes in gall bladder mucosa in relation to the number, and size of gallstones, and analysis of the findings in the context of age distribution of the patients: A perspective.

To study histopathological changes in gall bladder mucosa in cholelithiasis patients, and analyse their relation to the number and size of gallstones. These findings were evaluated in the context of age distribution of the study population. One hundred cases of cholecystectomy were part of the study, which was conducted in collaboration with the pathology department. The time period of the study was January 2020 to June 2021. Maximum cases had multiple stones (69.0%), while one third cases (31.0%) had solitary stones. While initial univariate analysis showed age (odds ratio [OR], 6.882; p = 0.043), gallstone number (OR, 9.1; p = 0.050), gallstone size (OR, 17.111; p = 0.013), and duration of symptom (OR, 34.125; p = 0.001) to be significant risk factors associated with gallbladder carcinoma, multivariate analysis found none of these variables to be significant. However, conditional multivariate analysis for the duration of symptom (p = 0.008; OR, 21.118) yielded significant p- value. With histopathological diagnoses, 5% of cases had gallbladder cancer. This study shed light on the rising incidence of cholelithiasis in the young population and the high rate of gallbladder carcinoma in Punjab, India. Although gall stone characteristics (size, number) and patient age appeared to be significant risk factors when their individual relation with gallbladder carcinoma was studied, multivariate analysis, could not prove that. Conditional multivariate analysis showed the duration of symptom to be the only significant risk factor associated with gallbladder carcinoma. Further research with larger sample size is needed to study the rising incidence of gallbladder carcinoma, and the risk factors associated with it.

Prediction of COVID-19 based on machine learning using cartographic variables

The Coronavirus has rapidly spread to all parts of the world. Research is continuing to find a cure for this disease while there is no exact reason for this outbreak. As the number of cases to test for Coronavirus is increasing rapidly day by day, it is impossible to test due to the time and cost factors. Over recent years, machine learning has turned very reliable in the medical field. Using machine learning to predict COVID-19 in patients will reduce the time delay for the results of the medical tests and modulate health workers to give proper medical treatment to them. A Systematic Literature Review is performed to identify the most suitable algorithms for the prediction model. Then through the findings of the literature study, an experimental model is developed for prediction of COVID-19 and to identify the features that impact the model. Based on cartographic variables, it is possible to make predictions about the spread and impact of COVID-19 in different regions. These variables can include population density, age distribution, healthcare infrastructure, and mobility patterns. Overall, a combination of cartographic variables can be used to develop predictive models that can help public health officials and policymakers better understand the trajectory of the pandemic and make informed decisions about resource allocation and mitigation strategies.

Comparing performance between clinics of an embryo evaluation algorithm based on time-lapse images and machine learning.

This article aims to assess how differences in maternal age distributions between IVF clinics affect the performance of an artificial intelligence model for embryo viability prediction and proposes a method to account for such differences. Using retrospectively collected data from 4805 fresh and frozen single blastocyst transfers of embryos incubated for 5 to 6days, the discriminative performance was assessed based on fetal heartbeat outcomes. The data was collected from 4 clinics, and the discrimination was measured in terms of the area under ROC curves (AUC) for each clinic. To account for the different age distributions between clinics, a method for age-standardizing the AUCs was developed in which the clinic-specific AUCs were standardized using weights for each embryo according to the relative frequency of the maternal age in the relevant clinic compared to the age distribution in a common reference population. There was substantial variation in the clinic-specific AUCs with estimates ranging from 0.58 to 0.69 before standardization. The age-standardization of the AUCs reduced the between-clinic variance by 16%. Most notably, three of the clinics had quite similar AUCs after standardization, while the last clinic had a markedly lower AUC both with and without standardization. The method of using age-standardization of the AUCs that is proposed in this article mitigates some of the variability between clinics. This enables a comparison of clinic-specific AUCs where the difference in age distributions is accounted for.

Comparison of programmatic data from antenatal clinics with population-based HIV prevalence estimates in the era of universal test and treat in western Kenya.

To compare HIV prevalence estimates from routine programme data in antenatal care (ANC) clinics in western Kenya with HIV prevalence estimates in a general population sample in the era of universal test and treat (UTT). The study was conducted in the area covered by the Siaya Health Demographic Surveillance System (Siaya HDSS) in western Kenya and used data from ANC clinics and the general population. ANC data (n = 1,724) were collected in 2018 from 13 clinics located within the HDSS. The general population was a random sample of women of reproductive age (15-49) who reside in the Siaya HDSS and participated in an HIV sero-prevalence survey in 2018 (n = 2,019). Total and age-specific HIV prevalence estimates were produced from both datasets and demographic decomposition methods were used to quantify the contribution of the differences in age distributions and age-specific HIV prevalence to the total HIV prevalence estimates. Total HIV prevalence was 18.0% (95% CI 16.3-19.9%) in the ANC population compared with 18.4% (95% CI 16.8-20.2%) in the general population sample. At most ages, HIV prevalence was higher in the ANC population than in the general population. The age distribution of the ANC population was younger than that of the general population, and because HIV prevalence increases with age, this reduced the total HIV prevalence among ANC attendees relative to prevalence standardised to the general population age distribution. In the era of UTT, total HIV prevalence among ANC attendees and the general population were comparable, but age-specific HIV prevalence was higher in the ANC population in most age groups. The expansion of treatment may have led to changes in both the fertility of women living with HIV and their use of ANC services, and our results lend support to the assertion that the relationship between ANC and general population HIV prevalence estimates are highly dynamic.