After Death Research Articles

Molecular characterization of gut microbial shift in SD rats after death for 30days.

To observe the temporal shifts of the intestinal microbial community structure and diversity in rats for 30days after death. Rectal swabs were collected from rats before death (BD) and on day 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 after death (AD). Bacteria genomic DNA was extracted and V3 + V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene were amplified by PCR. The amplicons were sequenced at Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. The bacterial diversity and richness showed similar results from day 1 to 5 and day 10 to 25 all presenting downtrend, while from day 5 to 10 showed slightly increased. The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria displayed inverse variation in day 1, 5, 10 and that was the former decreased, the latter increased. Bacteroidetes, Spirochaete and TM7 in day 15, 20, 25, 30 was significantly decline comparing with BD. Enterococcus and Proteus displayed reduced trend over day 1, 5, 10 and day 10, 15, 20, 25, respectively, while Sporosarcina showed obvious elevation during day 15, 20, 25. Accordingly, there was a certain correlation between intestinal flora succession and the time of death. The results suggested that intestinal flora may be potential indicator to aid estimation of post-mortem interval (PMI).

Life after death.

Life after death.

Maintenance to Muslim Divorced Women: An Overview

In common parlance the term Maintenance implies basic necessities of life which a person requires for the survival. Under the Muslim Law, the term ‘maintenance’ is called as ‘Nafaqa’ in Arabic terminology the term maintenance stand for the very word nafaqa which includes food, clothing, dwelling and other necessary articles, necessary for the livelihood and comfort of a woman. Under other personal laws a divorced wife is entitled to maintenance until her remarriage or indulgence in post-divorce adultery. But the Muslim law does not provide for any maintenance to a divorced wife after the period of Iddat. In case of Shah Bano when the controversy regarding the maintenance of divorced wife after iddat period is arose and Protection of Muslim Women Rights Act ,1986 was enacted in which there was a provision to pay a handsome and reasonable amount to a divorced wife by a hasband till the compilation of iddat period. The said provision backed by the holy Quranic provision in which the term “MATA” is used which implies handsome and reasonable amount for a divorced wife so that she can live her life after divorce in a dignity full manner. With respect to maintenance of divorce wife under the Muslim Law, the right of maintenance commences on divorce or when she comes to know of the divorce and ceases on the death of her husband, as her right of inheritance supervenes. In other cases where husband is alive and has divorced the wife, she can claim maintenance only during the Iddat period and not beyond that. The widow is therefore, not entitled to maintenance during the Iddat period commencing after death of the Husband. This rule has been a bone of contention and on this count there has been a debate in a society as to uniformity of the personal laws. Before the enactment of Protection of Muslim Women Rights Act ,1986 in Muslim law it was very easy for the husband to get or to give divorce to the Muslim wife, he can very easily escape the liability of providing maintenance to the wife. As mentioned above it is no longer obligatory for the erstwhile husband to provide maintenance beyond Iddat period. In this paper explain and clarify Muslim women maintenance under Muslim Personal law.

Review of the books Science and the near-death experience: How consciousness survives death, by C. C. Carter; The fun of dying: Find out what really happens next! by R. Grimes; The science of life after death: New research shows human consciousness lives on, by S. H. Martin; and There is life after death: Compelling reports from those who have glimpsed

Review outlining the various range of scholarly and non-scholarly characterizations regarding the survival of human consciousness after death by analyzing four books on the topic: "Science and the Near-Death Experience: How Consciousness Survives Death" (Chris Carter); "The Fun of Dying: Find Out What Really Happens Next!" (Roberta Grimes); "The Science of Life after Death: New Research Shows Human Consciousness Lives On" (Stephen Hawley Martin); and "There is Life after Death: Compelling Reports from Those Who Have Glimpsed the Afterlife" (Roy Abraham Varghese).

Book Review: A Call From Heaven: Personal Accounts of Deathbed Visits, Angelic Visions, and Crossings to the Other Side

Review of a book titled "A Call From Heaven: Personal Accounts of Deathbed Visits, Angelic Visions, and Crossings to the Other Side" written by Josie Varga, which describes the author's experiences with survival of consciousness after death.

The Day after Death by Lynn C. Miller

The Day after Death by Lynn C. Miller

Diana, una tragedia “shakespeariana”. Amore e morte alla Corte d’Inghilterra

Abstract – Diana, Princess of Wales, made history mostly thanks to her status as a global celebrity and as a main character in the gossip papers. This kind of world fame robbed her in life and even after death of the tragic dimension which her short existence fully belongs within. She is a tragic character not just because of the way she died. Like one of Aeschylus’ or Sophocles’ heroines, Diana claims her own right to happiness regardless of the conventional rules and the reason of State. And even more so because in her case the State is the very family she married into, therefore the tearing between public duty and private expectations cuts across what usually is the most protective environment for any individual, i.e. the family. Therein lies the paradox of royalty, and there also the roots of tragedies, in life and on stage, so strikingly similar at the Court of the first Elizabeth as of the second’s. In the works of Shakespeare, the women nearly always pay with their lives the price of their own emancipation. Somehow, this is the same fate that awaited Diana. Even though women’s lib swept England already many decades ago, still the “womanly mistakes” turn out to be as intolerable at the Windsor’s Court in the Twentieth Century as at the Tudor’s in the Sixteenth. After the great moral breaking in the Eighteenth Century of the Georgian rakes and the Blue Stockings, the Victorian age succeeded in the restoration of the old patriarchal power with its family structure. And even a century after, no challenge to the ideology of the Royal Family as a “normal family” could be tolerated. Any lady or princess ready to defy such a stricture had to pay a price. In the end, Diana has got her way but, as in every tragedy, only after her death.

Bereaved Parents and Their Continuing Bonds: Love after Death, Catherine Seigal

Bereaved Parents and Their Continuing Bonds: Love after Death, Catherine Seigal

Comparison of Fundations of Bioethics from the Perspective of Monotheistic and Non-Monotheistic Religions

Background and Aim: The scope of bioethics in addition to plants and animals includes human topics such as abortion, organ transplantation, palliative care, euthanasia, human simulation and biomedical researchs. The aim of this study was to investigate the foundations of bioethics in monotheistic and non-monotheistic religions as well as the differentiations and commonalities in this field. Materials and Methods: This comparative study was carried out in a library style. After purposeful searching of resources in both manual and electronic methods, the differentiations and commonalities of monotheistic and non-monotheistic religions in the field of ethical issues were compared and adapted. Findings: Both monotheistic and non-monotheistic religions have accepted wisdom as a valid source of inferation, with the difference that monotheistic religions have accepted the criterion of revelation-based reasoning, but non-monotheistic religions have accepted wisdom as an independent source of discernment. Both of them adhere to the values of truthfulness and loyalty and disrespects abortion and euthanasia, which are rooted in human nature. Attention to the human dignity and rights also close these two, although there are some fundamental differences in some principles, such as attitudes to the creation philosophy of man, his dimensions of existence and life after death. Conclusion: Ethical decision-making on issues such as abortion, euthanasia and surrogacy have been linked to the religious beliefs of patients and community culture. Given the fundamental differences in the underlying foundations, it is recommended that ethical decision-making criteria be established in religious communities. Please cite this article as: Bagheri H. Comparison of Fundations of Bioethics from the Perspective of Monotheistic and Non-Monotheistic Religions. Bioethics Journal 2018; 8(28): 79-92.

Postmortem Scavenging of Human Remains by Domestic Cats

Objective: Crime scene investigators, forensic medicine doctors and pathologists, and forensic anthropologists frequently encounter postmortem scavenging of human remains by household pets. Case presentation: The authors present a case report of a partially skeletonized adult male found dead after more than three months in his apartment in Thailand. The body was in an advanced stage of decomposition with nearly complete skeletonization of the head, neck, hands, and feet. The presence of maggots and necrophagous (“flesh eating”) beetles on the body confirmed that insects had consumed much of the soft tissues. Examination of the hand and foot bones revealed canine tooth puncture marks. Evidence of chewing indicated that one or more of the decedent’s three house cats had fed on the body after death. Recognizing and identifying carnivore and rodent activity on the soft flesh and bones of human remains is important in interpreting and reconstructing postmortem damage. Thorough analysis may help explain why skeletal elements are missing, damaged, or out of anatomical position. Conclusion: This report presents a multi-disciplinary approach combining forensic anthropology and forensic medicine in examining and interpreting human remains.

Musings : Reflections on after Death and after Life

Musings : Reflections on after Death and after Life

An Evaluation of Tissue Destruction Time in Phrenic Nerve after Death and Counting the Number of Nerve Fibers in C3, C4 and C5 Branches

An Evaluation of Tissue Destruction Time in Phrenic Nerve after Death and Counting the Number of Nerve Fibers in C3, C4 and C5 Branches

Morphological and immunoistochemical evaluation of cadaveric gingival specimens to estimate the post-mortem Interval

The estimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI) is a critical step in forensic medicine and remains one of the most challenging variables to determine. In general, the numerous methods currently used in estimating post-mortem interval yield to large post-mortem windows, are influenced by several factors and sometime contradict each other. With the aim to obtain a much more accurate determination of the post-mortem interval we combined morphological ultrastructural and immunoistochemical analyses to reach a more detailed knowledge on tissue organization and degradation after death. Samples of gingival tissues obtained from 20 cadavers at different post-mortem intervals were processed for transmission electron microscopy to evaluate ultrastructural modifications in the epithelium and connective tissue. Gingival cells and the extracellular matrix of gingival tissues have been observed by a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in combination with the evaluation of potential post-mortem biochemical markers, with the final goal to find a tight correlation between the ultrastructural modifications, the biomarker expression and the time of death. All the samples were also immunostained with anti-hypoxia-induced factor 1-α (HIF1-α) antibody, a transcription factor expressed in response to hypoxia, in order to evaluate the expression of HIF1-α, and to establish a correlation between the protein presence and the time of death. Results showed nuclear chromatin changes and cytoplasmic vacuolization in both epithelial and connective tissues and a different pattern of expression of HIF1alpha protein that correlate to the time of death. In conclusion, our preliminary findings suggest that ultrastructural investigations in combination with immunohistochemistry techniques in gingival specimens may represent a new tool to accurately and systematically estimate post-mortem interval.

Forensic Investigation of Diatoms in Southern Region of Himachal Pradesh(India)

Diatoms are one of the most common organisms that exist on this earth. Diatoms are a group of unicellular algae that have been recorded and classified for over 200 years and have been used in a range of applications in forensic science. A body recovered from the water does not necessarily imply that death was due to drowning. If the person is still alive when entering the water, diatoms will enter the lungs if the person inhales water and drowns. The diatoms are then carried to distant parts of the body such as the brain, kidneys, lungs and bone marrow by circulation. If the person is dead when entering the water, then there is no circulation and the transport of diatom cells to various organs is prevented because of a lack of circulation and diatoms cannot enter the body. Their presence, matching and evaluation helps in distinguishing between an ante-mortem drowning (live person submerged in the water) and post-mortem drowning (a dead body was submerged in water) i.e. whether the body entered the water source before death or was it put in a water source after death. This article deals with the study of diatoms which are collected from the fresh water sources of southern regions of Himachal Pradesh of India. The control samples of diatoms were collected from fresh water of different water sources. The diatoms extracted from the body of the deceased were compared with the diatoms that were extracted from the control samples to determine the cause of death.

Effect of electroacupuncture preconditioning on bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity in rats

Objective To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture(EA)preconditioning on bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Methods Sixteen SPF adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 180-240 g, aged 2 months, were randomly assigned into either bupivacaine group(group B, n=8)or EA preconditioning group(group EP, n=8). Bilateral Neiguan(PC6), Zusanli(ST36)and Fenglong(ST40)acupoints were stimulated with an electric stimulator(dense-sparse waves, frequency 2 Hz, voltage 1 mA, wave length 0.2-0.6 ms)for 30 min, followed by another 30 min stimulation after a 1 h interval.At 3 h after the end of electric stimulation, 0.5% bupivacaine 10 mg/kg was injected intravenously, and the rats suffering heart arrest received cardiopulmonary resuscitation.The duration of QRS and QT interval increased by 20% of baseline value, the time for apnea and cardiac arrest and resuscitation time were recorded.The left ventricular myocardial tissues were harvested at 25 min after bupivacaine administration in successfully resuscitated rats and immediately after death in unsuccessfully resuscitated rats for measurement of carnitine content in the myocardial cytoplasm and mitochondria by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results In B and EP groups, the incidence of cardiac arrest was 8/8 and 4/8, respectively, and the rate of successful resuscitation was 3/8 and 4/4, respectively.Compared with group B, the incidence of cardiac arrest was significantly decreased, the rate of successful resuscitation was increased, the duration of QRS and QT interval increased by 20% of baseline value and time for apnea were prolonged, the resuscitation time was shortened, carnitine content in the myocardial cytoplasm was decreased, and carnitine content in the myocardial mitochondria was increased in group EP(P<0.05). Conclusion EA preconditioning can increase the tolerance to bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity, and the mechanism is related to elevated level of mitochondrial carnitine in rats. Key words: Electric stimulation therapy; Ischemic preconditioning; Bupivacaine; Drug toxicity; Myocardium

El cuidado del alma y otros cuidados en las cartas de aniversario del cabildo de los clérigos de Cuéllar en el siglo XIV

El trabajo que presentamos tiene como objeto fundamental el estudio de las cartas de aniversario. Aplicando el método de la ciencia diplomática, nos proponemos mostrar cómo las cartas de aniversario del cabildo de los clérigos de Cuéllar muestran lo concerniente a la preocupación por el alma después de la muerte, al valor de la oración y lo que fue donado para pagarlas, con cuyas donaciones el capítulo incremento su patrimonio, sobre todo en el siglo XIV.The present paper aims to offer an study of anniversary documents. Using the method of the diplomatic science, we propose showing how the anniversary documents of the chapter of clerics of Cuéllar teach us to concern about the soul after death, the value of prayer, and what was donated to pay them, with whose donations the chapter increased its heritage specially in the XIV century.

Tsvetaeva versus Plato (poetry as an exercise in death)

Th e article is devoted to the interpreting of essence of poetic art. In response to the interpretation of philosophy as an exercise in death, proposed by Plato, the author, referring to Tsvetaeva’s works, proves a similar version in relation to poetry. Poetry is the ultimate abstraction from the empirical reality, internal concentration and at the same time the openness and willingness to hear things in the neverending stream of diversity of meanings with their involvement in the noumenal sphere. A poet forces his way through common language and traditional forms of thinking, resisting and obeying, he retrieves the deep layers of utterances and recognizes language in its nature. Philosophical thought in its dismissal from the world which has been thought over before uses the language nevertheless, doesn’t peer into and listen attentively to every element of the language; it is not an indissoluble unity with the language. Poetical thought rejects completely the world which has been thought over before; it is always born for the fi rst time from the darkness of language chaos. Th e poetic world outlook is formed in the sphere where verse-word-life-death is mysteriously intertwined. Versifi cation is an exercise in death and at the same time an exercise in life, an experience of existence aft er death and the only possibilityof surviving. Death-life-verse interpenetrate each other, they are as unthinkable without eachother as well as death-life-philosophy. Refs 12.

After-death care and the hidden role of palliative care nurses

Background In most hospital environments emphasis is placed on time management and efficiency in all aspects of patient care. This emphasis also exists in palliative care units (PCUs), where there may be a lack of recognition of the complexity of care required. Aim The aim of this quality improvement study was to examine the work and time associated with after-death care in a PCU in Australia. This included determining the length of time required to carry out after-death care, which factors lengthen an after-death episode and which health professionals provide after-death support for the bereaved family/friends and the amount and nature of that support. These findings were then compared with similar research carried out in 2005. Methods Nurses completed a questionnaire following the death of a patient during two designated data-collection periods in the PCU. Each data-collection period lasted 1 month. Findings from both data-collection periods were examined separately and collectively. Results Caring for the deceased patient is time consuming. Many processes and factors were identified that contribute to the ‘hidden’ nature of this work, e.g. care/counselling of family, religious/cultural requirements, staff availability, funeral directors and pastoral carers. Conclusion The study provides a valuable insight into the work involved with after-death care, factors which surround after-death care and the unacknowledged role of the nurse in after-death care. Conflicts of interest None

Initiated Penalties for Corrupt Behavior in a Sociological Persfektif

Sociological persfektif in many social sanctions bid can be applied in corrupt behavior pananggulangan. The idea of social sanctions were proposed as a reaction against the growing number of corrupt behavior difficult resolved only through national and international legal instruments. It is time the exact type of sanctions were found to tackle corrupt behaviour that are already classified as extraordinary crimes. Some ideas proposed as social sanctions to eradicate corrupt behavior i.e. criminal sanctions established on the basis of social stratification, pencemohan self and family corruptor, no corpse mensholatkan corruptor before is no guarantee of the financial returns of the State by the family of the perpetrator, serving in the corruptor's face telivisi and penalties for disseminating the corruptor after death and as sanctions ultimium remidium every corruptor will be charged all his deeds before God after death.

Intensive care unit survey of cognition status of donation after brain death

To explore the development approach of donation after brain death through analyzing the cognition status of donation after brain death among medical staff and potential donor (PD) family members of intensive care unit (ICU). Analysis was conducted for the cognition of donation after brain death among 149 ICU professionals and 879 PD family members at 89 hospitals from July 2011 to April 2013. Medical staff: 100% (149/149) recognized the significance of donation after brain death, 96.6% (144/149) approved of donation after brain death, 85.9% (128/149) knew about brain death criteria, 94.0% (140/149) accepted the equivalence of brain death as death. Awareness of standard of potential donor: 13.4% (20/149) were aware of donation age, 40.9% (61/149) familiar with the donation criteria of liver and kidney function and 44.3% (66/149) knew the hepatitis B donation criteria. Necessity of brain death legislation: 79.2% (118/149) considered it necessary, 14.8% (22/149) unimportant and 6.0% (9/149) not necessary. How to manage donation after brain death: 43.6% (65/149) did not know how, 79.2% (118/149) were afraid and 30.9% (46/149) never considered. Family members: 0/879 knew about brain death, 98.6% (867/879) accepted the equivalence of brain death as death, 99.5% (875/879) approved the significance of donation after brain death and 47.0% (413/879) agreed with donation after brain death. The reasons for approving the significance of donation after brain death but not agreeing with donation: 80.5% (372/462) required a full corpse after death and 19.5% (90/462) for other reasons. Reasons for agreeing with donation but refuse: 50.1% (207/413) were opposed by other family members, 11.4% (47/413) beware of neighbors' chat about their organ trading, 9.2% (38/413) hoped to be paid and 8.0% (33/413) for the others. The cognitive deficits of donation after brain death for medical staff and family members, medical staff's worries about brain death legislation and traditional thoughts of family members are the main reasons for a low conversion rate of PD. A professional transplant coordinating team should be built for national organ donation knowledge education.