American literature’s 400-year history has been shaped by the rise of black writers who have often written rich and vibrant literary forms to complement American literature and culture. The goal of this paper is to present how African American literature attempted to rebuild their identities, during the Harlem Renaissance, primarily to end the negative stereotypes of black people. This was an era of unparalleled artistic achievement focused on the Harlem section of New York City by black American writers, musicians, and artists. Poets such as Langston Hughes, Claude Mc Kay, and Countee Cullen have been the most influential poets of the Harlem Renaissance period and their poetry has tried to articulate authentically the African American experience. The key purpose is to discuss how these new groups of black writers have taken a step forward to shift the deeply prejudicial image of blacks that has touched every heart.