African Expedition Research Articles

Air–sea exchange of halocarbons: the influence of diurnal and regional variations and distribution of pigments

Diurnal cycles of halocarbons, except methyl bromide and methyl chloride, were observed at six 24-h stations occupied in three different regions, the Summer Ice Edge, the Winter Ice Edge, and the Antarctic Polar Front, in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during a Swedish–South African expedition in 1997/1998. The diurnal cycles contained three phases; a productive phase, a phase of losses and a phase with steady state. The duration of the different phases varied for the different stations as well as for individual compounds. The measured production and losses of organo-halogens in the Antarctic Ocean based on values from each station, were in the order of a few to hundreds of Tg yr−1. Bromochloromethane, tribromomethane, trichloroethene and diiodomethane were the four compounds found in highest concentrations throughout the investigation, and they were found to be the major contributors of organo-halogens. Only the presence of the photosynthetic pigment 19′-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, biomarker pigment of haptophytes, could explain some of the variations in the distribution and production of halocarbons, and then only for iodinated compounds. The flux of organo-halogens from the oceans to the atmosphere was estimated in two ways, either based on calculations according to models or based on the measured concentrations. Large discrepancies were found, which could not be explained by chemical or biological degradation or adsorption to particles. This investigation, therefore, shows the need for assessing the rates of degradation and the air–sea exchange more accurately.

Picturing Bushmen: The Denver African Expedition of 1925

Picturing Bushmen: The Denver African Expedition of 1925. Robert J. Gordon. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1997. xiii. 208 pp., figures, maps, notes, bibliography, index.

Picturing Bushmen: The Denver African Expedition of 1925

The Denver African Expedition went to Africa in 1925 to seek the cradle of Humanity. The explorers claimed to have found the Missing Link in the Heikum bushmen of the Kalahari - and they proceeded to market this image. As Robert J. Gordon shows in Picturing Bushmen, the impact of the expedition lay not simply in its slick merchandising of bushmen images but also in the fact that the pictures were exotic and aesthetically pleasing. The Denver Expedition played a key role in romanticizing bushmen. Indeed, its image of bushmen has permeated Western mass culture. Before the expedition, bushmen commonly had been presented on postcards as impoverished savages. In its wake, the bushmen of South Africa have inspired not only commercial advertisements, but art exhibitions and novels. Although Rob Gordon is an anthropologist, this study ranges into questions of film theory, history, and popular culture. It offers a new perspective on coffee-table books, ethnology, and the nature of research on those labeled others. While suggesting how ethnographic photographs might be appreciated, Picturing Bushmen is also a subtle analysis of the perennial issues that haunt field workers - especially what and how they see and how their perception is influenced by the mundane in their own societies.

Picturing Bushmen: The Denver African Expedition of 1925. Robert J. Gordon

<i>Picturing Bushmen: The Denver African Expedition of 1925</i>. Robert J. Gordon

Picturing Empire: Photography and the Visualization of the British Empire; Picturing Bushmen: The Denver African Expedition of 1925

Picturing Empire: Photography and the Visualization of the British Empire. James R. Ryan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,1997Picturing Bushmen: The Denver African Expedition of 1925. Robert J. Gordon. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1997. 208 pp. xiii. 61 illustrations.

Picturing Bushmen: the Denver African Expedition of 1925

Picturing Bushmen: the Denver African Expedition of 1925

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CANCER REGISTRIES (IACR) Newsletter

Contents: A Highland Fling, An African Expedition, Awards, Elections, Affiliations with Cancer Causes and Control, News from the Regions, Calum Muir Memorial Fellowship, Obituary, Collaborative Projects and Publications, Finance.

Die Marienkäfer der entomologischen Namibia‐Expedition des Museums für Naturkunde Berlin 1992 mit Bemerkungen zu anderen afrikanischen Arten. (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae)

The Ladybird Beetles found by the Entomological Namibia Expedition of the Museum of Natural History Berlin in 1992 with Remarks on other African Species. (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae)In comparison with the results of the German‐Southwest African expedition in 1911 (11 species: Weise, 1914) this expedition yielded 42 species including the following new species: Rodolia nigra, Hyperaspis capriviensis, H. discomaculata, H. humerosignata, H. namibiensis, and Lotis goellnerae. The following taxon is a younger synonym: Scymnus wittei Mader syn. nov. of Scymnus pruinosus Weise. Hyperaspis discors Mader is a proper species. Synonymies of Rodolia obscura with R. iceriae and of Semichnoodes with Serangium (which have already been published) could be verified by type‐studies.

Industry Programs of the Geochemical and Environmental Research Group (GERG) of Texas A&amp;amp;M University: ABSTRACT

The Geochemical and Environmental Research Group (GERG) formally established by the Texas AM oil/source rock regional and well-specific studies; site surveys, environmental assessment; oil spill fate and effects; and physical oceanography studies. An example of a large industry program that GERG is currently conducting is a west African expedition using its research vessel the R/V POWELL. Programs being undertaken for industry include a number of consortium surface geochemical exploration coring programs. These SGE programs are designed to correlate geochemical anomalies with subsurface features identified by geophysical surveys in the survey areas. GERG is a world-leader in offshore SGE programs having conducted many programs for most majormore » oil companies. In addition to the SGE programs, sedimentology/geotechnical, paleontological, physical oceanographic and engineering site surveys will also be conducted in west Africa.« less

Writing and Power in the Conquest of America

The Andean and Mesoamerican communication systems, predominantly oral, did not lend themselves to supraregional intellectual exchange. Whereas Europeans had by 1500 accumulated and manipulated considerable experience of the diversity of the then known world's cultures, largely as a result of the spatial and temporal mobility of written documents, the pre-Hispanic societies had to be content with experiences that were relatively regional and, except in Mesoamerica, restricted in time. Exaggerating somewhat, one might say that whereas Europeans could to some extent imagine the functioning of non-Western societies, partly because of their reading of Herodotus, Marco Polo, and the chroniclers of the 15th-century African expeditions, the indigenous inhabitants of the continent discovered by Columbus had to depend at first on classifying the intruders in terms of the mythic idea of the return of some divinity. From this it should be evident that the introduction of writing transformed the American system of communication. With the alphabet came not only experience of a boundless world previously unknown but, above all, an exercise of power that was not only administrative and conservative but also prospective, exploratory, and expansionist. Imbued with the universality of Christianity and its scriptures, Europeans had prepared themselves for the conquest of new worlds before actually being sure they existed. The scripture and its corollaries (theological-philosophical-grammatical systems) granted them the right to pursue an expansionist practice. In societies with an official notational system, written documents represent power: local or regional power in Hispanic America, universalizing power for the Christian empire. Undoubtedly the technical characteristics of the alphabet favored these ambitions. European writing, through its capacity

Historic Logan African Expedition Commemorated

Anthropology NewsVolume 27, Issue 2 p. 4-4 Free Access Historic Logan African Expedition Commemorated First published: February 1986 https://doi.org/10.1111/an.1986.27.2.4.2AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume27, Issue2February 1986Pages 4-4 RelatedInformation

White Rhino Extinct in Uganda

The northern race of the square-lipped rhinocerosCeratotherium simumcottoni is disappearing in Africa and is now believed extinct in Uganda. Commonly called the white rhinoceros because of its wide (weit) square mouth, it differs from the black rhino in size, habits and disposition. The white rhino occurred naturally in three countries: the West Nile Province of Uganda, north-east Zaire, and the Bahr el Ghazal and Equatorian provinces of Sudan. The Nile limited its eastern spread, although fossils show that it existed in Tanzania some 400,000 years ago. Its extreme southern limit was the river Ora which enters the Nile opposite Wadelai, from where it extended northwards along the western bank of the Nile through to Shambe, and then north-west through the Bahr el Ghazal drainage to the borders of Chad, where in the 1890s it was abundant. Harper reported the collection of many rhino horns yearly in Abecher. At the beginning of this century Sidney described the species as numerous in the upper waters of the Bahr Azoum and the Bahr Aoule, plentiful in the Birao area, fairly numerous north of the Uele river in what is today in Zaire's Garamba National Park, and abundant in Okolo, Aringa and West Madi in Uganda.18Rhinos were so common in all these areas that in 1919 Theodore Roosevelt's headquarters for the Smithsonian African Expedition collecting rhino products was named Rhino Camp. Here in 1932 Captain Pitman encountered 30–40 groups of at least seven individuals each within a day's walk, and he could approach to within 7–8ft because they were unharried by hunters and poachers.

Results of the Lathrop Central African Republic expedition 1976, ornithology

Results of the Lathrop Central African Republic expedition 1976, ornithology

A qualitative description of energy flow and nutrient cycling in the Marion Island terrestrial ecosystem

Since 1965 South Africa- has conducted a biological research programme on its two sub-Antarctic islands, Marion and Prince Edward. This programme is organized under the auspices of the South African Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research (SASCAR) and is sponsored by the South African Department of Transport. The first South African scientific expedition to the islands in 1965–66 yielded much information on the geology, zoology and botany of the two islands (van Zinderen Bakker Sr and others, 1971). The programme has since developed into a sophisticated ecological/physiological study, having as its major objective an understanding of the food cycles operative within the islands' ecosystems. The realization of this objective involves detailed investigations into the primary and secondary production of the various components of the islands' biota as well as a quantitative inquiry into the biogeochemical cycles of nutrients operative within the terrestrial, fresh and salt-water environs of the islands.

Results of the Taylor South West African Expedition 1972 ornithology

Results of the Taylor South West African Expedition 1972 ornithology

REVIEW — MARION AND PRINCE EDWARD ISLANDS

Report on the South African Biological and Geological Expedition 1965-1966. Edited by E. M. van Zinderen Bakker, J. M. Winterbottom and R. A. Dyer. A. A. Balkema. Cape Town. $25.33. Reviewed by G. W. Ramsay

Latham Island: An Ecological Note

approach to the Zanzibar Channel, about twenty-three and a half miles eastward of Ras Kimbiji which is the nearest point on the African mainland, and thirty-five miles south-east of Zanzibar Island. The authors landed on Latham on 12 October 1967 during the course of the East African Common Services Organization Indian Ocean Islands Expedition in which they were taking part as terrestrial biologists (Research Cruise No. 270 of the East African Marine Fisheries Research Organization Fisheries Research Vessel Manihine). In view of the outstanding importance of this little-known island as a sea-bird breeding site, the authors here include a brief summary of what is known of Latham and its natural history in addition to their own findings. HISTORY

Resistance toSclerotinia trifoliorumin red clover collected from North Africa

Introductions of red clover indigenous to the Atlas mountains of North Africa were shown to have a high degree of resistance toSclerotinia trifoliorumwhen a natural attack occurred in field trials at Cambridge. Differences between the two classes of clover varieties: (1) North African populations, and (2) the British varieties Essex broad red and S. 123, were highly significant for the proportion of row affected, the number of affected areas and the average length of affected area. The North African material is expected to be a useful source of resistance toSclerotinia trifoliorum, in breeding programmes.We are indebted to Mr H. H. Rogers for his guidance and for collecting the red clover plants during the 1962 North African expedition which was supported by the Agricultural Research Council. We also acknowledge valuable criticism of the manuscript and provision of a computer programme by Mr J. L. Fyfe and help with field records by Mr M. Pope and Mrs H. E. Pape.

PHYSIOLOGICAL REACTIONS TO COLD OF MEN IN THE ANTARCTIC.

The physiological reactions to cold of five members of the 1961–1962 South African expedition to the Antarctic were studied in a climatic chamber in Johannesburg, and again after 6 months and after 12 months in the Antarctic. Their results were compared with the results of a control group in Johannesburg. The predeparture results were within the 95% significance intervals of the control group. After 12 months in the Antarctic their results fell outside the 95% significance intervals of the control group when at 5 C air temperature, metabolism, average skin temperatures, rectal temperatures, and finger temperatures were all significantly lower. Toe temperatures, however, were higher. There appeared to be a gradual “adaptation” and general “toughening” to the cold, because the subjects shed their clothing progressively until they could run about naked in the snow. The values at the thermoneutral zone of 27 C did not change over the 12 months, however. It is therefore concluded that it is unlikely that the changes in physiological responses were of endocrine origin. cold adaptation in Antarctic; metabolic and body temperature reactions to cold Submitted on August 16, 1963

Plants of the 1957-58 West African Expedition: III

Frutex volubilis, validus ad I o m. (vel altior?) scandens; rami crassi, ad 4 cm. diametro, cortex levis, lactescens. Folia opposita, ovata, basi rotundata, apice breviter et abrupte acuminata, 10o-17 cm. longa, 5'5-8-5 cm. lata, glabra, costa et nervi secundarii in vivo albo-tincti, nervi laterali 8-Io; petiolus 1-2-1-8 cm. longus, glaber; stipulae minutae, I mm. longae, caducae. Inflorescentia terminalis, partibus vetustioribus lenticellatis, rhachis interdum volubilis, pedunculi ordinis I nonnumquam cirrhiformes, paniculi magni, laxi, pedunculis in statu novelli ordinis II usque ad 6 cm. longi. Calyx 4 mm. longus, 5-lobatus, lobis oblongis, 3 mm. longis, tomentosis. Corolla alba, tubo 2-6-2-8 cm. longo, intus piloso, extra dense minute tomentoso, basin versus glabro, lobi oblongis apice obtusis 3-4.1 cm. longis, extra ? tomentosis, intus glabris sed basi + pilosis. Antherae 5, 3 mm. longae, tubo affixae. Ovarium pilosum; stylus 6-2 mm. longus, clavuncula I mm. longa, apice bilobatus. Fructus ignotus.