Many Passages: Forced Migration and Making of Modern World. Edited by Emma Christopher, Cassandra Pybus, and Marcus Rediker. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007. Pp. 263. Cloth, $60.00; Paper, $24.95.)Reviewed by Charles R. FoyAs Atlantic history programs continue to proliferate, arguments continue over how best to approach subject. In a recent forum on Atlantic history, Alison Games stressed accumulated experience of European globetrotters and these individuals' cultural assimilation; Philip Stern urged historians to compare connections between colonial empires in Asia and Atlantic; Paul C. Mapp argued for a consideration of Atlantic history from imperial, continental, and Pacific perspectives; and Peter A. Coclanis advocated that historians engage in what he termed a conjuncto-atlantic history. (Forum: Beyond Atlantic, William and Mary Quarterly 63, no. 4, 2006), 675-742). Many Passages does not settle disputes among these differing approaches. What it does do is provide a persuasive basis for widening our geographic lens when considering coerced voyages across Atlantic.In their Introduction to this collection of twelve essays edited from 2005 Middle Passages: Oceanic Voyages as Social Process conference, Marcus Rediker, whose work has centered on labor and coercion, with his coeditors, Emma Christopher, author oi Slave Trade Sailors and Their Captive Cargoes, 1730-1807 (Cambridge, UK, 2006) and Cassandra Pybus, author most recently of Epic Voyages of Freedom: Runaway Slaves of American Revolution and Their Global Quest for Liberty (Boston, 2006), provide a strongly argued framework to consider book's essays. The editors situate essays within a set of ideas that Rediker and Peter Linebaugh explored in Many-Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, Commoners, and Hidden History of Revolutionary Atlantic (Boston, 2000). These ideas include concepts that capitalism forced migration of millions to Americas and that passages (defined by editors as the structuring link between expropriation in one geographic setting and exploitation in another) are a useful tool for considering social and cultural transformations of a variety of people coercively transported. Additionally, they consider a variety of prisons central to these middle passages, and claim that history of labor transported across oceans is a thesis-antithesis-synthesis of terror, resistance, and cultural creativity (2).Edward Alpers, Iain McCalman, and James Warren use three different perspectives - enslaved, third-party observer, and slave raider - to examine slave trade in Indian Ocean, East Africa, and Southeast Asia. Through judicious use of slave narratives, Alpers demonstrates cultural transformation that young enslaved African boys often underwent even before they left Africa. Iain McCalman uses David Livingstone's writings of his failed Zambesi expedition to illustrate inhumanity of East African slave trade. Piled up on bamboo racks, in a manner not very different than found on Liverpool slavers, slaves lay face down in stifling heat of their own excrement, as they were transported east to Indian Ocean (45). James Warren considers lives of Lanun seafaring warriors who raided widely across Southeast Asia seeking workers for fisheries and rice paddies. Warren demonstrates how both religion and language served as barriers to and openings for captives to work on Lanun ships.Indentured servitude is subject of Nigel Penn's and Lawrence Brown's essays. …