African American Literature Research Articles

Criminal Genius in African American and US Literature, 1793-1845. Erin Forbes

Criminal Genius in African American and US Literature, 1793-1845. Erin Forbes

“Cut on the Bias”: Toni Cade Bambara as a Touchstone of Black Feminist Humor Studies

ABSTRACT As a writer, editor, scholar, and activist, Toni Cade Bambara left an indelible imprint on African American literature and Black feminist thought. This article elucidates Bambara’s significance to Black women’s humorous practice and articulates the mutuality between Black feminism’s ongoing project to render Black women visible and to recover and engage in the bounty of Black women’s humorous expression. Through her “cut on the bias” approach to using humor in the short story “Medley,” Bambara offers an “alternate design sensibility” of racial and gender difference that illuminates the perspective of being Black and female.

Linguopoetic Analysis of the Perception of Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe Novel in Kyrgyz and Russian Cultures

This article analyzes the linguopoetic perception of Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe novel in Kyrgyz and Russian cultures. The goal of the study is not only to analyze the linguistic and poetic means used in the translation and adaptation of the novel into Kyrgyz and Russian languages but also to identify the differences and similarities in the interpretation of the text by representatives of both cultures. The paper examines the cultural contexts that influence the perception of the novel and analyzes how these contexts are reflected in the lexical and stylistic features of the translation. Special attention is given to how Kyrgyz and Russian ethnocultural values manifest in the interpretation of the plot and imagery of the work. The study reveals the features of the linguocultural adaptation of the novel and allows conclusions to be drawn about the significance of the linguopoetic approach in comparative literary studies. In the concluding part of this work, we will review the interpretation of Harriet Beecher Stowe's work in contemporary African American studies, focusing primarily on the interpretation of the novel proposed by Henry Louis Gates Jr., a leading historian, and theorist of African American literature, which reflects the radical Afrocentrism of the 1960s and 1990s.

IDENTITY CONFUSION IN DOROTHY WEST’S THE LIVING IS EASY

Literature is a media for conveying the authors’ ideas and feelings to the payers, or it is a mean of relief for them to bare their souls. In this context, literature involves an enormous place in human life. In this regard, African American literature has an important place in American literature and culture. It is also one of the strongest pillars of the literature produced by black writers in the United States of America. African American literature goes and continues in the course of history as oral literature from generation to generation. Since African Americans’ place changes gradually in the USA- due to racism in particular- their viewpoint of literature changes, too. African American history predates the foundation of the United States of America as an independent country, so their literature has deep roots, consisting of rich oral culture in poetry, including gospel music, blues, rap, and spirituals along with written poetry, and slave narrations. Although African Americans come from slave ancestors, they have been able to leave a deep effect on the literature of the United States when they are brought to the continent of America. African American literature is mainly based on autobiographical spiritual narratives, and before the American Civil War African Americans’ literature consists of memoirs of people who escape from slavery. So, African American literature has witnessed the problem of racial discrimination in its existential aspect. But in the progress of time, black writers go deep into verbal literature and perform their own experiences. Dorothy West, in her novel Living is Easy criticizes the blacks who mimes the whites. When we scrutinize, it is possible to penetrate that the writer wants to reflect her own experiences via narration and criticizes her own past. Writing is a kind of purgation for West since she writes about herself. In this study, we aim to point out the impulses that foster Dorothy West’s narration from a Freudian point of view.

"The Role Of Magical Realism In Shaping African American Identity In Toni Morrison's Novel"

This research paper embarks on a captivating exploration of the profound and intricate narrative technique of magical realism within the literary world of renowned American author Toni Morrison. We delve into the mystical realms created by Morrison in her novels, transcending the boundaries between the ordinary and the extraordinary. Through a comprehensive analysis of select novels, such as "Beloved," "Song of Solomon," and "Jazz," this paper uncovers the deep-rooted themes, motifs, and symbolism that enhance the reader's understanding of the African-American experience.Morrison's exceptional ability to seamlessly blend the real with the mystical invites readers into a world where the boundaries between the natural and the supernatural are blurred, offering unique insights into the complexities of human existence. In this journey, readers encounter characters grappling with supernatural occurrences, symbolic animals, and ghostly entities, all of which unveil profound insights into the intricacies of life. The six keywords that guide this exploration are Toni Morrison, magical realism, African-American literature, cultural symbolism, supernatural elements, and narrative technique.

Preaching Without a Pulpit: Toward a Womanist Hermeneutic of Regeneration in Just Above My Head

In The Souls of Black Folk, W. E. B. Du Bois discusses the historical and cultural importance of the Black preacher as “a leader, a politician, an orator, a ‘boss,’… the centre of a group of men.” I propose we reimagine Du Bois’s Black preacher figure—in his words, “the most unique personality developed on American soil”—as a Black woman. Additionally, we should examine the sermon in African American literature as we focus on womanist preachers and spiritual figures such as Margaret Alexander in The Amen Corner, the sisters in Go Tell It on the Mountain, and most significantly, Julia in Just Above My Head. Coining the term, “womanist hermeneutic of regeneration,” this article demonstrates the affective power of examining blue note womanist preachers and spiritual figures in James Baldwin’s work.

Introduction: Christianity and African American Literature

Introduction: Christianity and African American Literature

Telling the Past, Naming the Present: Recent Work in Christianity and African American Literature

Telling the Past, Naming the Present: Recent Work in Christianity and African American Literature

“We Fervently Pray”: Reading Afro-Protestant Prayer as Genre Intervention in “The Petition of Absalom Jones and Others—People of Colour and Freemen of Philadelphia”

Abstract: While scholars have long documented Christianity’s influence on African American literature and print, few have investigated how specific Afro-Protestant practices inform alternative modes of collective action and writing in the early American republic. This essay follows scholarship’s recent turn by reading Afro-Protestant prayer within discourses of civic and religious petition at the turn of the nineteenth century. Sanders contends that early African American advocates mobilized prayer’s genre flexibility in their public addresses to challenge America’s growing antagonism toward antislavery petitions. These early theorizations of Afro-Protestant prayer as petitionary activism reframe how we understand a tradition of circulated prayers from nineteenth-century print to the present.

The Influence of African Heritage on Afro-American Literary Expression

This research paper explores the profound influence of African heritage on Afro-American literary expression. It begins by examining the historical context, emphasizing the impact of the transatlantic slave trade and early Afro-American literature's retention of African cultural elements. The Harlem Renaissance is highlighted as a pivotal moment that celebrated African roots and set the stage for future literary developments. Central themes derived from African heritage, such as resistance, resilience, and connection to ancestry, are analyzed, illustrating their prominence in both historical and contemporary works. The paper deal with storytelling techniques and narrative structures influenced by African oral traditions, folktales, and myths, highlighting how these elements enrich Afro-American literature. The use of rhythmic language, communal narration, and the call- and-response pattern are discussed as significant aspects that enhance narrative depth and cultural authenticity. The integration of African symbols, music, and communal values as cultural motifs is explored, showcasing how these elements infuse literary works with layers of meaning and cultural resonance. The reclamation of African identity is a key focus, with discussions on Afrocentric perspectives in modern literature, the impact of the Black Arts Movement, and contemporary literary movements. The challenges and opportunities of navigating dual heritage and cultural hybridity are addressed, emphasizing the complexities of identity formation and cultural expression.

Reclaiming History: The Role of Memory in Afro-American Literature

This research explores the pivotal role of memory in Afro-American literature, focusing on its multifaceted functions as a tool of resistance, cultural preservation, and historical reinterpretation. Memory in Afro-American literature emerges as a dynamic force that not only documents personal and collective experiences but also challenges dominant narratives of oppression and erasure. Through a nuanced examination of literary works spanning from slave narratives such as Frederick Douglass' "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave" (1845) to contemporary novels like Toni Morrison's "Beloved" (1987), this study illuminates how memory serves as a means of reclaiming agency and identity amidst historical trauma.The research discusses critiques of relying on memory in literature, acknowledging concerns about subjectivity and historical accuracy. It argues that memory in Afro-American literature transcends mere recollection, offering profound insights into the complexities of African American experiences and histories. By exploring examples such as Zora Neale Hurston's "Their Eyes Were Watching God" (1937) and James Baldwin's "The Fire Next Time" (1963), the study demonstrates how Afro-American authors use memory to confront systemic injustices, preserve cultural heritage, and inspire social activism.Ultimately, Afro-American literature's enduring legacy lies in its ability to reshape historical narratives through the transformative power of memory. By interrogating memory's intersections with literature and activism, this research invites readers to engage critically with the past and envision a future grounded in truth, empathy, and reconciliation. Through its exploration of memory's role in shaping identity, justice, and cultural resilience, Afro-American literature continues to provoke thought and inspire meaningful dialogue on the enduring legacies of slavery, segregation, and the ongoing quest for equality.

THE INFLUENCE OF JAZZ AND BLUES ON AFRICAN AMERICAN LITERATURE

This research paper explores the profound influence of jazz and blues on African American literature, highlighting their role in shaping themes, narrative techniques, and cultural expressions. Jazz and blues, with origins rooted in African traditions and their evolution in the United States, serve as cultural symbols representing the resilience, creativity, and spirit of the African American community. The Harlem Renaissance marked a significant intersection of music and literature, with key figures such as Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, and Ralph Ellison incorporating musical elements into their works to explore themes of identity, struggle, resilience, and community.Langston Hughes' poetry, notably "The Weary Blues," captures the rhythmic and emotional depth of blues, while Zora Neale Hurston’s novels, including "Their Eyes Were Watching God," integrate musical elements and African American folklore. Ralph Ellison’s "Invisible Man" employs jazz influences to explore themes of identity and cultural expression. These works demonstrate how jazz and blues have shaped the narrative structures and thematic depth of African American literature.Contemporary African American writers continue this tradition, drawing on jazz and blues to enhance their storytelling. Toni Morrison’s "Jazz" and Jesmyn Ward’s "Sing, Unburied, Sing" exemplify the ongoing influence of these musical genres, using them to deals complex themes and preserve cultural narratives.The paper concludes that the interconnectedness of music and literature in African American culture is a testament to the community's rich artistic heritage. Jazz and blues are integral to the African American narrative, providing a soundtrack to the community’s experiences and enhancing the emotional and cultural depth of their literature. This relationship celebrates the past and inspires future generations, ensuring the enduring legacy of jazz and blues in African American literary tradition.

Maya Angelou's Multifaceted Themes: Exploring Identity, Resistance, and Beauty in African-American Literature

Maya Angelou's Multifaceted Themes: Exploring Identity, Resistance, and Beauty in African-American Literature

Africa's Portrayal in African-American Writing

The depiction of Africa in African-American literature constitutes a nuanced and dynamic exploration, unveiling the intricate rapport between African-American writers and the African continent. Over centuries, Africa's portrayal has assumed myriad forms, serving as a symbolic homeland, a locus of struggle, and a wellspring of cultural inspiration. Imbued within these representations is a profound quest for identity and a yearning for belonging. Prestigious African-American authors, including Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, and Maya Angelou, adeptly interlace African culture, folklore, and history into the tapestry of their works. In so doing, they delve into themes of heritage, resilience, and cultural pride, presenting Africa not merely as a nostalgic ideal but as a vibrant tapestry of traditions intricately shaping the African-American experience. This representation transcends sentimentality, offering a palpable connection to ancestral roots and cultural heritage. Yet, the portrayal of Africa in African-American literature transcends idyllic visions of a distant homeland. Renowned authors such as Toni Morrison, Chinua Achebe, and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie confront the harsh realities of colonization, slavery, and oppression in their narratives. In their hands, Africa becomes a complex terrain of struggle and resistance, where characters grapple with the enduring legacies of colonialism and the intricate dynamics of post-colonial identity. The representation of Africa in African-American literature reflects broader historical and political dynamics. During the Harlem Renaissance, there was a surge of interest in Pan-Africanism, as African-American writers actively sought connections with counterparts on the continent in the fight against racism and imperialism. This period witnessed an embrace of African art, literature, and culture, as writers sought to reclaim and celebrate their African heritage.

Research: English Teachers’ Experience of Critical Language Teaching in an Anti-CRT Context

This study examines how English teachers in a politically conservative state integrate principles of Critical Language Awareness into their existing curricula despite a political climate hostile to teaching about social inequity. This project stemmed from concerns expressed by preservice teachers in an English methods class about their ability to enact the critical language teaching methods they were learning because of the political context in the state. Interviews with practicing teachers reveal how teachers incorporate critical language teaching across English courses as disparate as AVID, English 9, Journalism, and African American Literature. The study provides examples of external pushback against race-related curriculum and the resulting fear teachers carried in their professional and personal lives. It also documents teachers’ persistence in the face of fear. Finally, the study raises challenges of teaching about race and language with white students in politically conservative contexts, highlighting a need to support teachers doing critical language teaching in these spaces. The findings demonstrate that even under the scrutiny of anti-CRT sentiments, teachers can successfully engage critical language awareness.

The Sociolinguistic Dynamics of Grotesque and Satire

Abstract The grotesque and satire are common methods of expressing the comic in European and African American literature. This study identifies the distinctive features of the grotesque and satire in European and African American literature. Günter Grass in The Tin Drum, The Wide Field, The Rat, The Dog Years and Under Local Narcosis uses the grotesque as a primary means of representing the political and historical state of Germany. In Sula, Toni Morrison takes the reader into the opposite space. She blatantly exposes racism and the problems of African Americans, denouncing inequality and lack of freedom. These results allow us to comprehend and critically engage with the ways that these kinds of communication confront social reality and challenge societal norms by looking at the sociolinguistic dynamics of the grotesque and satire in German and African American literature.

A Feminist Critique of Women Portrayal in NGUGI WA THIONGO’S Devil on the Cross

African American Literature demonstrates that the Black Women's Feminism Caucus acknowledged that black women faced a dual patriarchal oppression from within their own community and from white society. This paper examines how Devil on the Cross portrays a Kikuyu woman striving for liberation and transformative change in Kenyan society. Employing a feminist perspective, the researcher contends that Ngugi Wa Thiong'o illustrates the plight of women in Kenyan society, interpreting feminism within its cultural framework. Building on this foundation, the study advocates for the designation of essential services such as police protection, justice, shelters, helplines, and community support services, ensuring they receive adequate support and resources to operate during pandemics and other public emergencies affecting women and girls. It emphasizes the necessity of involving women and women's civil society organizations in policy formulation, development, and implementation to integrate their knowledge, experiences, and needs into response strategies. Furthermore, it stresses the importance of prioritizing prevention and protection against gender-based and domestic violence in national responses by collecting detailed data on the prevalence of such violence and identifying which demographics of women and girls are most vulnerable. Keywords: Domestic violence, Feminist critique, Fiction, Women emancipation, Women portrayal

Harlem, USSR: Black Modernism in the Soviet Union, 1923–1937

Abstract The following essay tracks the translation of African-American poetry in the first two decades of the Soviet Union. Because the concept of race had no direct correlate in the Soviet Union, this essay argues that the translation of African-American poetry allowed Russian translators to publish modernist poetry that challenged the aesthetic imperatives of the Bolshevik party. To that end, the translation of Black modernist poetry—work by Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, and others—maps on to a canon of “socialist modernism,” an assembly of work that was both aesthetically and politically radical and one that pushed back against the Soviet conceptualizations of “socialist realism” and “bourgeois modernism.”

African American Literature and the Critical Medical Humanities: Literary Precedence and Theoretical Lag as Exemplified in Toni Morrison’s Home

This article aims to contribute to opening up a dialogue between African American literature and the field of the critical medical humanities. By so doing, the article highlights the value of African American literature as a contributor to the emergence of the critical medical humanities and an indispensable partner in the theorization about the racialization of medicine. We contend that African American literature’s interest in the intersection between medicine and race anticipates one of the most important tenets of the critical medical humanities. That anticipation is evident in such novels as Toni Morrison’s Home, in which Cee is exposed to the brutality of eugenic sterilization. We thus explore the way the novel—among other African American literary works—paves the way for engaging racialized medicine and unwittingly contributes to the rise of the critical medical humanities.

W.E.B. Du Bois' Autobiographical Legacy: Impact on African American Literature and Civil Rights

This research paper explores the autobiographical legacy of William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, commonly known as W.E.B. Du Bois, and its profound influence on African American literature and the Civil Rights Movement. Du Bois, a prominent African American scholar, writer, and civil rights activist, penned a series of autobiographical works that not only documented his own life experiences but also played a pivotal role in shaping the narrative of the African American struggle for civil rights and equality. This paper examines Du Bois' autobiographical writings, including "The Souls of Black Folk," "Dusk of Dawn," and "The Autobiography of W.E.B. Du Bois," and their impact on the broader African American literary tradition and the Civil Rights Movement of the 20th century. By analyzing Du Bois' life and his written accounts, this paper illustrates how his autobiographical legacy contributed to the intellectual and social fabric of African American history.