African American Groups Research Articles

Association of polymorphisms in genes of factors involved in regulation of splicing of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mRNA with acute respiratory distress syndrome in children with pneumonia.

BackgroundPrevious work has demonstrated a strong association between lung injury in African American children with pneumonia and a polymorphic (TG)mTn region in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance (CFTR) involved in the generation of a nonfunctional CFTR protein lacking exon 9. A number of splicing factors that regulate the inclusion/exclusion of exon 9 have been identified. The objective of this study was to determine whether genetic variants in these splicing factors were associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children with pneumonia.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort genetic association study of lung injury in African American and non-Hispanic Caucasian children with community-acquired pneumonia evaluated in the emergency department or admitted to the hospital. Linkage-disequilibrium-tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (LD-tag SNPs) in genes of the following splicing factors (followed by gene name) involved in exon 9 skipping PTB1 (PTBP1), SRp40 (SFRS1), SR2/ASF (SFRS5), TDP-43 (TARDBP), TIA-1 (TIA1), and U2AF65 (U2AF2) were genotyped. SNPs in the gene of the splicing factor CELF2 (CELF2) were selected by conservation score. Multivariable analysis was used to examine association between genotypes and ARDS.ResultsThe African American cohort (n = 474) had 29 children with ARDS and the non-Hispanic Caucasian cohort (n = 304) had 32 children with ARDS. In the African American group multivariable analysis indicated that three variants in CELF2, rs7068124 (p = 0.004), rs3814634 (p = 0.032) and rs10905928 (p = 0.044), and two in TIA1, rs2592178 (p = 0.005) and rs13402990 (p = 0.018) were independently associated with ARDS. In the non-Hispanic Caucasian group, a single variant in CELF2, rs2277212 (p = 0.014), was associated with increased risk of developing ARDS.ConclusionsThe data indicate that SNPs in CELF2 may be associated with the risk of developing ARDS in both African American and non-Hispanic Caucasian children with pneumonia and suggest that the potential role of the splicing factor CELF2 in ARDS should be explored further.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-016-1454-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Organ Donation in the United States: The Tale of the African-American Journey of Moving From the Bottom to the Top.

The purpose was to review the increase of minority organ donation. The methodology was based on the efforts of the DC Organ Donor Program and the Dow Take Initiative Program that focused on increasing donors among African Americans (AAs). From 1982 to 1988, AA donor card signings increased from 20/month to 750/month, and Black donations doubled. A review of the data, including face-to-face grassroots presentations combined with national media, was conducted. Gallup polls in 1985 and 1990 indicated a tripling of black awareness of transplantation and the number of blacks signing donor cards. Based on the applied successful methodologies, in 1991, the National Minority Organ Tissues Transplant Education Program was established targeting AA, Hispanic, Asian, and other ethnic groups. A review of the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database from 1990 to 2010 was accomplished. Nationally, ethnic minority organ donors per million (ODM) increased from 8-10 ODM (1982) to 35 ODM (AA and Latino/Hispanics) in 2002. In 1995, ODMs were white 34.2, black 33.1, Hispanic 31.5, and Asian 17.9. In 2010, Black organ donors per million totaled 35.36 versus white 27.07, Hispanic 25.59, and Asian 14.70. Based on the data retrieved from UNOS in 2010, blacks were ranked above whites and other ethnic minority populations as the number one ethnic group of organ donors per million in the US.

P041 Next generation sequencing reveals HLA genomic and haplotype diversity in U.S. populations of European and African ancestry

Aim Next generation sequencing of extended long-range HLA gene products provides better molecular characterization of HLA genes and improves the assessment of HLA population diversity than traditional HLA genotyping methods. In addition, accurate comprehensive analyses of HLA diversity would be expected to increase the efficiency of unrelated donor selection. In this study we assessed the genomic and haplotype diversity in European Americans (EA) and African Americans (AFA). Methods We used a high-throughput NGS HLA typing method developed by Sirona Genomics to genotype class I (HLA-A, -B, -C) and class II (-DPA1, -DPB1, -DQA, -DQB, -DRB1, -DRB3, -DRB4, -DRB5) loci in >2400 EAs and >840 AFAs unrelated healthy individuals. Sample libraries were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq and NextSeq instruments. Sequence data was analyzed and genotypes were assigned using the MIA FORA NGS HLA software. Statistical analyses was performed using the GENE[RATE] computer pipeline (hla-net.eu). Results The distribution of allele frequencies in both EA and AFA populations is similar across all loci with an extreme right skew in each case. Rare alleles and novel DPA and DQB alleles were detected in both populations. The AFA population contained higher levels of mean heterozygosity at class I loci and most class II loci compared to the EA population. Tests of selective neutrality revealed a significant excess of homozygosity in B, C, and DPB1 in EAs and significant excess of heterozygosity in A and DQB1 in the AFA group. Haplotype analyses of neighbouring loci pairs in positive LD, such as B ∼ C and B ∼ DRB1, revealed novel associations at the 4th field level of resolution. Conclusions Our findings show unique 4-field associations that were not apparent in results obtained using testing methodologies with limited sequence coverage and phasing. In addition, our results provide new 4-field allele and haplotype frequencies. Our data provides a useful reference source for future population studies that in turn may allow for precise fine mapping of coding and non-coding sequences determining disease susceptibility and allo-immunogenicity. S. Krishnakumar: Employee; Company/Organization; Immucor. C. Wang: Employee; Company/Organization; Immucor. M. Li: Employee; Company/Organization; Immucor. M.N. Mindrinos: Employee; Company/Organization; Immucor.

Children rectify inequalities for disadvantaged groups.

Children's decisions regarding the allocation of societal resources in the context of preexisting inequalities were investigated. African American and European American children ages 5 to 6 years (n = 91) and 10 to 11 years (n = 94) judged the acceptability of a medical resource inequality on the basis of race, allocated medical supplies, evaluated different resource allocation strategies, and completed a measure of status awareness based on race. With age, children were increasingly aware of wealth status disparities between African Americans and European Americans, and judged a medical resource inequality between groups more negatively. Further, with age, children rectified the resource inequality over perpetuating it, but only when African American children were disadvantaged. With age, children also referenced rights when reasoning about their judgments concerning the disadvantaged African American group. When European American children were disadvantaged, children did not systematically allocate more resources to one group over another. The results are discussed in terms of social inequalities, disadvantaged status, moral judgments, and intergroup attitudes. (PsycINFO Database Record

The Farmers’ Improvement Society and the Women’s Barnyard Auxiliary of Texas

Historians have brought attention to African-American women’s contributions to planning including housing and social service program delivery. This article builds upon that scholarship by adding the work of the Farmers’ Improvement Society and its Women’s Barnyard Auxiliary, both of which were Progressive-era African American mutual aid groups. This article explores the potential importance of these organizations to planning practice and scholarship; sheds light on the unique approach to planning employed by poor and rural people in mutual aid groups; and challenges popular assumptions about similar Progressive Era, “Uplift Movement” groups.

Genetics of the great migration

Human Genetics![Figure][1] Slavery shaped the genetic diversity of African Americans. CREDIT: “THE GOOBER-GATHERERS,” 1890 (ENGRAVING), BRADLEY, HORACE (FL. 1890)/PRIVATE COLLECTION/PETER NEWARK AMERICAN PICTURES/BRIDGEMAN IMAGES The African American population is underrepresented in genetic studies, and their history of slavery, systemic discrimination, and migration probably shaped their genetic diversity. To better understand this, Baharian et al. analyzed the genetic variation in 3736 individuals from three cohorts representing the diversity of African Americans across the United States. These data identified historical events in the movement and admixture (interbreeding of isolated groups) of African Americans, including the fact that about 1.2% of their ancestry is Native American, which probably traces back to the early period of slavery. Overall, the data illustrate how differences in social opportunity over centuries can shape the genetic diversity of a population. PLOS Genet. 12 , e1006059 (2016). [1]: pending:yes

A Cross-sectional Study of Depressive Symptoms and Diabetes Self-care in African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos With Diabetes

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and diabetes self-care in African American and Hispanic/Latino patients with type 2 diabetes and whether the association, if any, is mediated by diabetes-related self-efficacy. The sample included self-report baseline data of African American and Hispanic/Latino patients with type 2 diabetes who were aged ≥18 years and enrolled in a diabetes self-management intervention study. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. The Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities measured engagement in healthy eating, physical activity, blood glucose checking, foot care, and smoking. The Diabetes Empowerment Scale-Short Form assessed diabetes-related psychosocial self-efficacy. Indirect effects were examined with the Baron and Kenny regression technique and Sobel testing. Sample characteristics (n = 250) were as follows: mean age of 53 years, 68% women, 54% African American, and 74% with income <$20 000. Depressive symptoms showed a significant inverse association with the self-care domains of general diet, specific diet, physical activity, and glucose monitoring in the African American group. In Hispanics/Latinos, depression was inversely associated with specific diet. Self-efficacy served a significant mediational role in the relation between depression and foot care among African Americans. Self-efficacy mediated the relationship between depression and foot care in the African American group but was not found to be a mediator of any self-care areas within the Hispanic/Latino group. In clinical practice, alleviation of depressive symptoms may improve self-care behavior adherence. Diabetes education may consider inclusion of components to build self-efficacy related to diabetes self-care, especially among African American patients.

Recurrent cis-SAGe chimeric RNA, D2HGDH-GAL3ST2, in prostate cancer

Neighboring genes transcribing in the same direction can form chimeric RNAs via cis-splicing (cis-SAGe). Previously, we reported 16 novel cis-SAGe chimeras in prostate cancer cell lines, and performed in silico validation on 14 pairs of normal and tumor samples from Chinese patients. However, whether these fusions exist in different populations, as well as their clinical implications, remains unclear. To investigate, we developed a bioinformatics pipeline using modified Spliced Transcripts Alignment to a Reference (STAR) to quantify these fusion RNAs simultaneously in silico. From RNA-Seq data of 100 paired normal and prostate cancer samples from TCGA, we find that most fusions are not specific to cancer. However, D2HGDH-GAL3ST2 is more frequently seen in cancer samples, and seems to be enriched in the African American group. Further validation with our own collection as well as from commercial sources did not detect this fusion RNA in 29 normal prostate samples, but in 19 of 93 prostate cancer samples. It is more frequently detected in late stage cancer, suggesting a role in cancer progression. Consistently, silencing this fusion resulted in dramatic reduction of cell proliferation rate and cell motility.

Leveraging Social Media to Promote Public Health Knowledge: Example of Cancer Awareness via Twitter

BackgroundAs social media becomes increasingly popular online venues for engaging in communication about public health issues, it is important to understand how users promote knowledge and awareness about specific topics.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine the frequency of discussion and differences by race and ethnicity of cancer-related topics among unique users via Twitter.MethodsTweets were collected from April 1, 2014 through January 21, 2015 using the Twitter public streaming Application Programming Interface (API) to collect 1% of public tweets. Twitter users were classified into racial and ethnic groups using a new text mining approach applied to English-only tweets. Each ethnic group was then analyzed for frequency in cancer-related terms within user timelines, investigated for changes over time and across groups, and measured for statistical significance.ResultsObservable usage patterns of the terms "cancer", "breast cancer", "prostate cancer", and "lung cancer" between Caucasian and African American groups were evident across the study period. We observed some variation in the frequency of term usage during months known to be labeled as cancer awareness months, particularly September, October, and November. Interestingly, we found that of the terms studied, "colorectal cancer" received the least Twitter attention.ConclusionsThe findings of the study provide evidence that social media can serve as a very powerful and important tool in implementing and disseminating critical prevention, screening, and treatment messages to the community in real-time. The study also introduced and tested a new methodology of identifying race and ethnicity among users of the social media. Study findings highlight the potential benefits of social media as a tool in reducing racial and ethnic disparities.

Fine Mapping of the Body Fat QTL on Human Chromosome 1q43.

IntroductionEvidence for linkage and association of obesity-related quantitative traits to chromosome 1q43 has been reported in the Quebec Family Study (QFS) and in populations of Caribbean Hispanic ancestries yet no specific candidate locus has been replicated to date.MethodsUsing a set of 1,902 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in 525 African American (AA) and 391 European American (EA) women enrolled in the NIEHS uterine fibroid study (NIEHS-UFS), we generated a fine association map for the body mass index (BMI) across a 2.3 megabase-long interval delimited by RGS7 (regulator of G-protein signaling 7) and PLD5 (Phospholipase D, member 5). Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were fitted to the data to evaluate the association in race-stratified analyses and meta-analysis.ResultsThe strongest associations were observed in a recessive genetic model and peaked in the 3’ end of RGS7 at intronic rs261802 variant in the AA group (p = 1.0 x 10−4) and in meta-analysis of AA and EA samples (p = 9.0 x 10−5). In the EA group, moderate associations peaked at rs6429264 (p = 2.0 x 10−3) in the 2 Kb upstream sequence of RGS7. In the reference populations for the European ancestry in the 1,000 genomes project, rs6429264 occurs in strong linkage disequilibrium (D’ = 0.94) with rs1341467, the strongest candidate SNP for total body fat in QFS that failed genotyping in the present study. Additionally we report moderate associations at the 3’ end of PLD5 in meta-analysis (3.2 x 10−4 ≤ p ≤ 5.8 x 10−4).ConclusionWe report replication data suggesting that RGS7, a gene abundantly expressed in the brain, might be a putative body fat QTL on human chromosome 1q43. Future genetic and functional studies are required to substantiate our observations and to potentially link them to the neurobehavioral phenotypes associated with the RGS7 region.

(316) - Characteristics and Outcomes of African American LVAD Recipients: A Single Center Experience

African Americans (AA) have a higher prevalence of heart failure than other racial/ethnic groups. Furthermore, AA with heart failure have a higher mortality and those who undergo heart transplantation have a lower survival. The outcomes and survival of AA patients who undergo LVAD implantation is not well defined. We performed a single center retrospective review of patients implanted with a LVAD between January, 2010 and September, 2015. We compared clinical characteristics and survival of AA vs. all other patients. A total of 278 patients underwent LVAD implantation, of whom 170 (61%) were AA. Compared to non-AA patients, the AA group had a longer mean time on LVAD support (560±473 vs. 445±465 days, p=0.05). AA were younger (54±12.5 vs. 59±13.6 years, p<0.001), included more women (35% vs. 19%, p=0.003), had a higher BMI (29.4±6.5 vs. 27.0±5.5, p=0.001), had more non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (76% vs 41%, p<0.001), and had less previous sternotomies (13% vs. 29%, p=0.001). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the pre-operative INTERMACS profiles, kidney/liver function, implant strategy (BTT or DT), or the type of LVAD (axial vs. centrifugal pump). During the index hospitalization for LVAD implantation, there were no significant differences between the AA and non-AA groups in terms of days on vasopressor or inotropic therapy and length of stay (30.4±20.6 vs. 26.1 ±21.1, p=0.09),. After discharge, the rate of 30-day re-hospitalization was similar between the 2 groups (27% vs 24%, p=0.58). AA had a lower unadjusted mortality at 90 days (12.4% vs. 23.8%) and at 1 year (Figure). This is the largest reported cohort of AA with LVADs from a single institution. AA race did not adversely affect length of stay, early re-hospitalization or survival after LVAD implantation. Whether race impacts thrombotic, bleeding, or infectious complications deserves further study.

MP41-20 RACE EFFECTS ON PATHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES AFTER ROBOTIC PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY

You have accessJournal of UrologyKidney Cancer: Localized: Surgical Therapy I1 Apr 2016MP41-20 RACE EFFECTS ON PATHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES AFTER ROBOTIC PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY Onder Kara, Hiury Andrade, Homayoun Zargar, Oktay Akca, Matthew Maurice, Peter Caputo, Daniel Ramirez, Ercan Malkoc, Charles Modlin, and Jihad Kaouk Onder KaraOnder Kara More articles by this author , Hiury AndradeHiury Andrade More articles by this author , Homayoun ZargarHomayoun Zargar More articles by this author , Oktay AkcaOktay Akca More articles by this author , Matthew MauriceMatthew Maurice More articles by this author , Peter CaputoPeter Caputo More articles by this author , Daniel RamirezDaniel Ramirez More articles by this author , Ercan MalkocErcan Malkoc More articles by this author , Charles ModlinCharles Modlin More articles by this author , and Jihad KaoukJihad Kaouk More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.02.187AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The incidence of RCC has risen more rapidly in the African-American (AA) population compared to non-AA patients in the United States. Our aim was to explore the potential effects of race on pathological outcomes of renal tumor and on kidney function preservation in the patients undergoing robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) at our center. METHODS Retrospective review of our institutional review board approved database for patients undergoing RPN from 2006-2014 was performed. AA and non-AA groups were compared with regards to demographics, tumor characteristics, functional data and, oncological outcomes. For functional outcomes, groups were matched (1:1) in terms of age, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and R.E.N.A.L score. RESULTS From the total of 1005 patients, 84 were AA. Age and the tumor size were comparable between the two groups (2.7 vs. 3 cm; p=0.29). Proportion of patients with papillary RCC was higher among AAs compared to non-AAs (43.3% vs. 19.4%; p<0.001) (Table 1). After matching AA patients with non-AA counterparts (1:1 matching), eGFR preservation at latest follow up after surgery was comparable between groups (84.3% vs. 85%; p=0.25) (Table 2). AA race (OR 3.62, p<0.001), male gender (OR 2.05, p<0.001) and low preoperative eGFR (OR 0.97, p<0.001) were predictors of papillary RCC on multivariate analyses (Table 3). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of papillary RCC is higher in AA patients undergoing RPN. There was no difference in kidney function recovery after RPN in both AA and non-AA groups. AA race itself is not a significant factor in determining renal malignancy. Further studies are needed to clarify the impact of higher prevalence of papillary tumors in AA group in terms of long-term oncological and functional outcomes. © 2016FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 195Issue 4SApril 2016Page: e568 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016MetricsAuthor Information Onder Kara More articles by this author Hiury Andrade More articles by this author Homayoun Zargar More articles by this author Oktay Akca More articles by this author Matthew Maurice More articles by this author Peter Caputo More articles by this author Daniel Ramirez More articles by this author Ercan Malkoc More articles by this author Charles Modlin More articles by this author Jihad Kaouk More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Abstract B08: Highlighting the maturation of the MSI/NCI P20 South Carolina Cancer Disparities Research Center Partnership

Abstract The South Carolina Cancer Disparities Research Center (SC CaDRe), funded by the NIH/NCI Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities (CRCHD) in 2011, is a formal collaboration between the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and South Carolina State University (SCSU, an historically black university). The SC CaDRe focuses on biological mechanisms of disparity in hormone-related cancers (breast and prostate cancer). The Sea Island population plays a prominent role in the three SC CaDRe research projects. The Sea Islanders are an African American ethnic group indigenous to the coastal southeast, with low rates of European American genetic admixture; as such they are ideal for inclusion in biomedical research. Each SC CaDRe research project includes Multiple PIs from MUSC and SCSU. The first research project is titled Biological Implications of DNA Glycation in Prostate Cancer Disparities; the second is titled MicroRNA Mediated Negative Regulation of Caveolin 1 as a Biological Mechanism Driving Breast Cancer Disparities; and the third is titled Feasibility Study of Breast Cancer Candidate Genes in Three Population Groups in South Carolina. The design and results of each project will be presented. The P20 SC CaDRe has led to two funded NIH R21 grants, an R01 grant, an R25E grant, and a DOD research training grant. Three undergraduate students from SCSU and four graduate students from MUSC have participated in SC CaDRe cancer research training, resulting in peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national scientific meetings. As a next step, the SC CaDRe investigators plan to submit an NIH/NCI CRCHD U54 grant application in 2016. Citation Format: Marvella E. Ford, Dennis K. Watson, James Stukes, Mahtabuddin Ahmed, David P. Turner, Ashley Evans Knowell, Victoria J. Findlay, Anita L. Harrison, Kendrea D. Knight, Heidi Varner, Kimberly Cannady, Judith D. Salley. Highlighting the maturation of the MSI/NCI P20 South Carolina Cancer Disparities Research Center Partnership. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B08.

Abstract P180: A Racial Comparison of Vascular Hemodynamics in Middle-aged Americans: The Jackson Heart Study

Background: Despite the higher rates of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) sequela due to hypertension in African Americans (AA), literature on the hemodynamic factors contributing to vascular stiffness is sparse in this high risk population. Objective: We investigated the hemodynamics of vascular stiffness and its components in a middle-aged cohort of AA using arterial tonometry and compared findings to what has been seen in a healthy cohort of non-Hispanic whites from Framingham. Methods: Noninvasive hemodynamic factors were measured in 1,750 Jackson Heart Study participants (68±11 years, 65% female). A healthy reference group from published work in Framingham was used to determine the prevalence of abnormals in the Jackson Heart Study sample. Reference group was defined in Framingham as those with: age (&lt;50 years), blood pressure (BP, 140/90 mmHg), total cholesterol (&lt;200 mg/dL), body mass index (&lt;30 kg/m2), no diabetes, not currently smoking, and no history of CVD. Abnormal hemodynamic factors were defined as measurements outside the 95th or 5th percentile of the reference group. Using comparison of proportions, we determined the difference in abnormal prevalence rates between middle-aged AA in the Jackson Heart Study and non-Hispanic whites in Framingham. Results: The prevalence rates of abnormal hemodynamic variables in a middle-aged group of AA was compared to that seen in middle-aged non-Hispanic whites in Framingham using a published reference sample of normals in Framingham. Compared to non-Hispanic whites in Framingham, the prevalence of abnormals found in Jackson Heart Study AA was higher for diastolic BP (p=0.009), peripheral resistance (p&lt;0.001), characteristic impedance (p=0.006), carotid-brachial pulse wave velocity (p=0.038) and cardiac output (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Abnormalities in pulsatile hemodynamic variables are much more common (and severe) in AA than European Americans, which may contribute to higher CVD risk in AA.

Racial and Ethnic Group Knowledge, Perceptions and Behaviors about Human Papillomavirus, Human Papillomavirus Vaccination, and Cervical Cancer among Adolescent Females

Study ObjectiveHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines provide an opportunity to greatly reduce the burden of cervical cancer. Although there has been improvement in uptake, there are notable ethnic/racial disparities. This qualitative study was conducted to better understand factors related to vaccine uptake among female adolescents from 3 racial/ethnic groups: African American (AA), Hispanic, and Caucasian. Findings can inform the development of optimal messages and strategies for clinical and population-based interventions. Design and SettingThis mixed-methods descriptive study included completion of a brief structured survey and focus group discussion. Six focus groups were conducted with female adolescents, 2 each in the AA, Hispanic, and Caucasian groups. Brief structured survey questions and the focus group protocol addressed knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors related to HPV, HPV vaccination, and cervical cancer. Participants, Interventions, and Main Outcome MeasuresParticipants were 60 female adolescents (ages 13-19, mean age = 16.6 years) recruited from high schools, public health clinics, and churches. ResultsThemes across questions were remarkably similar among AA, Hispanic, and Caucasian participants. Each group had high awareness of the terms HPV, HPV vaccination, and cervical cancer, but with little in-depth knowledge about these topics. There was a high acceptance of HPV vaccination. Misperceptions about optimal cervical cancer prevention strategies such as simply knowing one's partner and good hygiene were most common among Hispanic adolescents. Awareness about Pap testing was most common among Caucasian adolescents. ConclusionPredominantly uniform perceptions of HPV vaccines across racial/ethnic groups suggest a “one size fits all” approach will likely have greater reach with cervical cancer prevention messaging than culturally tailored interventions.

Factors Associated with HIV Testing among African American Female Adolescents in Juvenile Detention Centers.

Little is known about sexual and psychosocial factors associated with HIV testing among detained African American female adolescents-an understudied group at risk for HIV. 188 detained African American female adolescents completed assessments on HIV testing, sexual risk behaviors, and psychosocial factors. Unprotected vaginal sex, history of STI-positivity or pregnancy, higher STI knowledge, and lower partner availability were associated with a higher likelihood of ever being tested for HIV. HIV testing is the gateway to important services for high-risk HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents. More research is needed to address barriers and to inform programmatic changes to increase testing among youth.

Race effects on pathological and functional outcomes after robotic partial nephrectomy in a single academic tertiary care center.

To explore the potential effects of race on pathological outcomes of renal tumor and on kidney function preservation in the patients undergoing robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) at our center. Retrospective review of our institutional review board approved database for African-American (AA) patients undergoing RPN from 2006 to 2014 was performed. AA and non-AA groups were compared with regards to demographics, tumor characteristics, functional data and, oncological outcomes. For functional outcomes, groups were matched (1:1) in terms of age, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and R.E.N.A.L score. From the total of 1005 patients, 84 were AA. Age and the tumor size were comparable between the two groups (2.7 vs. 3cm; p=0.29). Proportion of patients with papillary RCC was higher among AAs compared to non-AAs (43.3 vs. 19.4%; p<0.001). After matching AA patients with non-AA counterparts (1:1 matching), eGFR preservation at latest follow up after surgery was comparable between groups (84.3 vs. 85%; p=0.25). AA race (OR 3.62, p<0.001), male gender (OR 2.05, p<0.001) and low preoperative eGFR (OR 0.97, p<0.001) were predictors of papillary RCC on multivariate analyses. The incidence of papillary RCC is higher in AA patients undergoing RPN. There was no difference in kidney function recovery after robotic partial nephrectomy in both AA and non-AA groups. AA race itself is not a significant factor in determining renal malignancy. Further studies are needed to clarify the impact of higher prevalence of papillary tumors in AA group in terms of long-term oncological and functional outcomes.

Developing a Culturally Tailored Palliative Care Program with Guidance from Rural African American and White Community Members: A Program by the Community for the Community (FR461B)

•Gain an understanding of need for cultural tailoring in rural African American and white communities for palliative care (PC) programs.•Hear about a new approach for developing a culturally tailored PC program in collaboration with the community that meets the common and unique needs of African American and white rural elders.•Examine results that are common to both groups and those that are unique to African American or white. A culturally appropriate model of end-of-life care that takes into consideration the diverse cultural preferences of rural, terminally ill African Americans and whites is lacking. To develop a culturally tailored palliative care (PC) program with the guidance of African American and white community members that will meet the common and unique needs of rural elders at end of life. The goal of this second phase of a three-phase study is to gather input from African American and white community members into a future PC program. In the tradition of Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR), a Community Advisory Group (CAG) of community leaders and family members who had recently lost a loved one was formed. The CAG met monthly for a year with the research team and systematically reviewed the qualitative thematic results of the end-of-life care preferences of African American and white caregivers who had participated in focus groups in Phase 1. Based on these preferences, CAG made recommendations for a PC program that would meet the common and unique needs of their communities. Recommendations that were common to both groups include: The Physician should elicit whether family wants to hear about prognosis and treatment and discuss these with compassion and consideration. Recommendations that were unique to African American group include: Physician should respect and state that God or a higher power, and not the physician, determines when the patient will pass. The physician should recognize and appreciate a family’s determination to care for their loved one at home. The family’s pastor is central, and his or her involvement is preferred to that of the hospice chaplain. Developing a culturally tailored PC program in collaboration with the community is feasible and builds trust and ownership. Acceptability of the program will be a hospital-tested program in Phase 3.

Race and Responses to Violence in Prayer Shawl Ministries

Abstract Prayer shawl ministries, overwhelmingly led and staffed by women, aim to give comfort to the bereaved. Shawl makers often want to respond to communal tragedy and grief such as mass shootings. This case study uses qualitative interviews with shawl makers from white and African-American ministry groups, placing their statements in the context of benevolent handwork, disaster response, and the culture of mass shootings. The ordinary theology of shawl makers is forged in a “chronic mode,” responding to individual instances of grief in the ministry’s neighborhood. “Crisis mode” operations, where shawls are part of multifaceted mobilization efforts to bring relief to a large number of victims, may clarify, test, extend, or alter these meanings. White shawl makers were appalled at the suffering inflicted by the Sandy Hook school shooting and took pride in their ability to make a difference, while black shawl makers were guided by concerns about discipline, process, and preservation of community. These results suggest that perceptions of normalcy influence the response of caretaking ministries to violence and trauma, revealing a distinction between restorative efforts and the development of resilience.

Evaluating abiraterone responses in African Americans with metastatic CRPC.

244 Background: A disparity between African American (AA) and other racial groups is documented in prostate cancer incidence and mortality. For metastatic CRPC, abiraterone (Abi) showed improvement in overall survival and gained FDA approval. However, Phase III trials enrolled mostly Caucasian (CA) patients. Documentation of Abi response rates in AA men is scant. Further characterization of Abi responses in AA men was the objective of this study. Methods: Age at diagnosis, prior enzalutamide (Enza) and/or docetaxel (Doc), and duration of Abi treatment were assessed. Baseline values at Abi initiation for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), hemoglobin (Hgb), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were recorded. PSA values at baseline and throughout treatment were also logged. The velocity of PSA decline was determined by the PSA half-life (PSAHL) based on time to nadir. PCWG2 criteria were used to define PSA response and progression. Results: This was a single institution, retrospective cohort of 103 patients with mCRPC treated with Abi (n = 24 AA; n = 79 CA). Median age at diagnosis was 61.8 years and 62.4 years for AA and CA respectively. Prior Enza/Doc was 4.2%/33.3% for AA and 6.3%/29.1% for CA. Median duration of Abi therapy in AA was 207 days and 253 days for CA; neither median age or duration were statistically distinct. Median AA baseline ALP, Hgb, LDH, and PSA was 136 (range (r) = 59-653), 11.8 (r = 8.9-15.4), 256 (r = 157-401), and 59.9 (r = 4.8-1658) respectively. Median CA baseline ALP, Hgb, LDH, and PSA were 88 (r = 51-1600), 12.4 (r = 8.4-15.0), 204 (r = 100-528), and 40.6 (r = 2.5-2890) respectively. The difference in baseline lab values between AA and CA were insignificant. No statistical difference was seen in median PSAHL (AA = 55 days; CA = 64 days), or PSA decline of &gt; 30% (AA = 50%; CA = 52%), &gt; 50% (AA = 46%; CA = 39%), or &gt; 90% (AA = 21%; CA = 14%). Finally, neither the median time to nadir (AA = 119 days; CA = 137 days) or progression (AA = 157 days; CA = 131 days) were significantly different. Conclusions: Comparison between AA men and CA men in mCRPC patients being treated with Abi showed no statistical difference in response rates, duration of response, or time to progression. Prospective, multi-institutional studies are needed to further assess these findings.