Affine Permutation Research Articles

The complements in an affine group

In this paper we analyse the natural permutation module of an affine permutation group. For this the regular module of an elementary Abelian p-group is described in detail. We consider the inequivalent permutation modules coming from nonconjugate complements. We prove their strong structural similarity well exceeding the fact that they have equal Brauer characters.

Excedances in classical and affine Weyl groups

Based on the notion of colored and absolute excedances introduced by Bagno and Garber we give an analogue of the derangement polynomials. We derive some basic properties of these polynomials. Moreover, we define an excedance statistic for the affine Weyl groups of type B˜n, C˜n and D˜n and determine the generating functions of their distributions. This paper is inspired to one of E. Clark, R. Ehrenborg in which the authors introduce the excedance statistic for the group of affine permutations and ask if this statistic can be defined for other affine groups.

Balanced labellings of affine permutations

We study the $\textit{diagrams}$ of affine permutations and their $\textit{balanced}$ labellings. As in the finite case, which was investigated by Fomin, Greene, Reiner, and Shimozono, the balanced labellings give a natural encoding of reduced decompositions of affine permutations. In fact, we show that the sum of weight monomials of the $\textit{column strict}$ balanced labellings is the affine Stanley symmetric function defined by Lam and we give a simple algorithm to recover reduced words from balanced labellings. Applying this theory, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a diagram to be an affine permutation diagram. Finally, we conjecture that if two affine permutations are $\textit{diagram equivalent}$ then their affine Stanley symmetric functions coincide.

Hyperplane arrangements and diagonal harmonics

In 2003, Haglund's {\sf bounce} statistic gave the first combinatorial interpretation of the $q,t$-Catalan numbers and the Hilbert series of diagonal harmonics. In this paper we propose a new combinatorial interpretation in terms of the affine Weyl group of type $A$. In particular, we define two statistics on affine permutations; one in terms of the Shi hyperplane arrangement, and one in terms of a new arrangement - which we call the Ish arrangement. We prove that our statistics are equivalent to the {\sf area'} and {\sf bounce} statistics of Haglund and Loehr. In this setting, we observe that {\sf bounce} is naturally expressed as a statistic on the root lattice. We extend our statistics in two directions: to extended Shi arrangements and to the bounded chambers of these arrangements. This leads to a (conjectural) combinatorial interpretation for all integral powers of the Bergeron-Garsia nabla operator applied to the elementary symmetric functions.

Canonical Decompositions of Affine Permutations, Affine Codes, and Split $k$-Schur Functions

We develop a new perspective on the unique maximal decomposition of an arbitrary affine permutation into a product of cyclically decreasing elements, implicit in work of Thomas Lam. This decomposition is closely related to the affine code, which generalizes the $k$-bounded partition associated to Grassmannian elements. We also prove that the affine code readily encodes a number of basic combinatorial properties of an affine permutation. As an application, we prove a new special case of the Littlewood-Richardson Rule for $k$-Schur functions, using the canonical decomposition to control for which permutations appear in the expansion of the $k$-Schur function in noncommuting variables over the affine nil-Coxeter algebra.

Pattern characterization of rationally smooth affine Schubert varieties of type A

Schubert varieties in finite dimensional flag manifolds G/P are a well-studied family of projective varieties indexed by elements of the corresponding Weyl group W. In particular, there are many tests for smoothness and rational smoothness of these varieties. One key result due to Lakshmibai and Sandhya is that in type A the smooth Schubert varieties are precisely those that are indexed by permutations that avoid the patterns 4231 and 3412. Recently, there has been a flurry of research related to the infinite dimensional analogs of flag manifolds corresponding with G being a Kac–Moody group and W being an affine Weyl group or parabolic quotient. In this paper we study the case when W is the affine Weyl group of type A or the affine permutations. We develop the notion of pattern avoidance for affine permutations. Our main result is a characterization of the rationally smooth Schubert varieties corresponding to affine permutations in terms of the patterns 4231 and 3412 and the twisted spiral permutations.

Excedances in classical and affine Weyl groups

Based on the notion of colored and absolute excedances introduced by Bagno and Garber we give an analogue of the derangement polynomials. We obtain some basic properties of these polynomials. Moreover, we define an excedance statistic for the affine Weyl groups of type $\widetilde{B}_n, \widetilde {C}_n$ and $\widetilde {D}_n$ and determine the generating functions of their distributions. This paper is inspired by one of Clark and Ehrenborg (2011) in which the authors introduce the excedance statistic for the group of affine permutations and ask if this statistic can be defined for other affine groups. Basée sur la notion des excédances colorés et absolu introduits par Bagno and Garber, nous donnons un analogue des polynômes des dérangements. Nous obtenons quelques propriétés de base de ces polynômes. En outre, nous définissons une excédance statistique pour le groupes de Weyl affines de type $\widetilde{B}_n, \widetilde {C}_n$ et $\widetilde {D}_n$ et nous déterminons les fonctions génératrices de leurs distributions. Cet article est inspirè d'un article de Clark et Ehrenborg (2011) dans lequel les auteurs introduisent les excedances pour le groupe des permutations affine et demander si cette statistique peut être éèfinie pour les autres groupes affines.

Erasure Decoding for Gabidulin Codes

We present a new approach of the decoding algorithm for Gabidulin Codes. In the same way as efficient erasure decoding for Generalized Reed Solomon codes by using the structure of the inverse of the VanderMonde matrices, we show that, the erasure(t erasures mean that t components of a code vector are erased) decoding Gabidulin code can be seen as a computation of three matrice and an affine permutation, instead of computing an inverse from the generator or parity check matrix. This significantly reduces the decoding complexity compared to others algorithms. For t erasures with t ? r, where r?=?n???k, the erasure algorithm decoding for Gab n, k (g) Gabidulin code compute the t symbols by simple multiplication of three matrices. That requires rt?+?r(k???1) Galois field multiplications, t(r???1)?+?(t + r)k field additions, r 2?+?r(k?+?1) field negations and t(k?+?1) field inversions.

Hyperplane Arrangements and Diagonal Harmonics

In 2003, Haglund's bounce statistic gave the first combinatorial interpretation of the q,t-Catalan numbers and the Hilbert series of diagonal harmonics. In this paper we propose a new combinatorial interpretation in terms of the affine Weyl group of type A. In particular, we define two statistics on affine permutations; one in terms of the Shi hyperplane arrangement, and one in terms of a new arrangement — which we call the Ish arrangement. We prove that our statistics are equivalent to the area' and bounce statistics of Haglund and Loehr. In this setting, we observe that bounce is naturally expressed as a statistic on the root lattice. We extend our statistics in two directions: to "extended'' Shi arrangements and to the bounded chambers of these arrangements. This leads to a (conjectural) combinatorial interpretation for all integral powers of the Bergeron-Garsia nabla operator applied to elementary symmetric functions. En 2003, la statistique bounce de Haglund a donné la première interprétation combinatoire de la somme des nombres q,t-Catalan et de la série de Hilbert des harmoniques diagonaux. Dans cet article nous proposons une nouvelle interprétation combinatoire à partir du groupe de Weyl affine de type A. En particulier, nous définissons deux statistiques sur les permutations affines; l'une à partir de l'arrangement d'hyperplans Shi, et l'autre à partir d'un nouvel arrangement — que nous appelons l'arrangement Ish. Nous prouvons que nos statistiques sont équivalentes aux statistiques area' et bounce de Haglund et Loehr. Dans ce contexte, nous observons que bounce s'exprime naturellement comme une statistique sur le réseau des racines. Nous prolongeons nos statistiques dans deux directions: arrangements Shi "étendus'', et chambres bornées associées. Cela conduit à une interprétation (conjecturale) combinatoire pour toutes les puissances entières de l'opérateur nabla de Bergeron-Garsia appliqué aux fonctions symétriques élémentaires.

Rational smoothness and affine Schubert varieties of type A

The study of Schubert varieties in G/B has led to numerous advances in algebraic combinatorics and algebraic geometry. These varieties are indexed by elements of the corresponding Weyl group, an affine Weyl group, or one of their parabolic quotients. Often times, the goal is to determine which of the algebraic and topological properties of the Schubert variety can be described in terms of the combinatorics of its corresponding Weyl group element. A celebrated example of this occurs when G/B is of type A, due to Lakshmibai and Sandhya. They showed that the smooth Schubert varieties are precisely those indexed by permutations that avoid the patterns 3412 and 4231. Our main result is a characterization of the rationally smooth Schubert varieties corresponding to affine permutations in terms of the patterns 4231 and 3412 and the twisted spiral permutations. L'étude des variétés de Schubert dans G/B a mené à plusieurs avancées en combinatoire algébrique. Ces variétés sont indexées soit par l'élément du groupe de Weyl correspondant, soit par un groupe de Weyl affine, soit par un de leurs quotients paraboliques. Souvent, le but est de déterminer quelles propriétés algébriques et topologiques des variétés de Schubert peuvent être décrites en termes des propriétés combinatoires des éléments du groupe de Weyl correspondant. Un exemple bien connu, dû à Lakshmibai et Sandhya, concerne le cas où G/B est de type A. Ils ont montré que les variétés de Schubert lisses sont exactement celles qui sont indexées par les permutations qui évitent les motifs 3412 et 4231. Notre résultat principal est une caractérisation des variétés de Schubert lisses et rationnelles qui correspondent à des permutations affines pour les motifs 4231 et 3412 et les permutations spirales tordues.

The enumeration of fully commutative affine permutations

We give a generating function for the fully commutative affine permutations enumerated by rank and Coxeter length, extending formulas due to Stembridge and Barcucci–Del Lungo–Pergola–Pinzani. For fixed rank, the length generating functions have coefficients that are periodic with period dividing the rank. In the course of proving these formulas, we obtain results that elucidate the structure of the fully commutative affine permutations. This is a summary of the results; the full version appears elsewhere. Nous présentons une fonction génératrice qui énumère les permutations affines totalement commutatives par leur rang et par leur longueur de Coxeter, généralisant les formules dues à Stembridge et à Barcucci–Del Lungo–Pergola–Pinzani. Pour un rang précis, les fonctions génératrices ont des coefficients qui sont périodiques de période divisant leur rang. Nous obtenons des résultats qui expliquent la structure des permutations affines totalement commutatives. L'article dessous est un aperçu des résultats; la version complète appara\^ıt ailleurs.

Excedances of affine permutations

We introduce an excedance statistic for the group of affine permutations S˜n and determine the generating function of its distribution. The proof involves working with enumerating lattice points in a skew version of the root polytope of type A. We also show that the left coset representatives of the quotient S˜n/Sn correspond to increasing juggling sequences and determine their Poincaré series.

Enumerating Pattern Avoidance for Affine Permutations

In this paper we study pattern avoidance for affine permutations. In particular, we show that for a given pattern $p$, there are only finitely many affine permutations in $\widetilde{S}_n$ that avoid $p$ if and only if $p$ avoids the pattern 321. We then count the number of affine permutations that avoid a given pattern $p$ for each $p$ in $S_3$, as well as give some conjectures for the patterns in $S_4$.

Some results concerning cryptographically significant mappings over GF(2 n )

In this paper we investigate the existence of permutation polynomials of the form F(x) = x d + L(x) over GF(2 n ), L being a linear polynomial. The results we derive have a certain impact on the long-term open problem on the nonexistence of APN permutations over GF(2 n ), when n is even. It is shown that certain choices of exponent d cannot yield APN permutations for even n. When n is odd, an infinite class of APN permutations may be derived from Gold mapping x 3 in a recursive manner, that is starting with a specific APN permutation on GF(2 k ), k odd, APN permutations are derived over GF(2 k+2i ) for any i ? 1. But it is demonstrated that these classes of functions are simply affine permutations of the inverse coset of the Gold mapping x 3. This essentially excludes the possibility of deriving new EA-inequivalent classes of APN functions by applying the method of Berveglieri et al. (approach proposed at Asiacrypt 2004, see [3]) to arbitrary APN functions.

Extended Abstract for Enumerating Pattern Avoidance for Affine Permutations

In this paper we study pattern avoidance for affine permutations. In particular, we show that for a given pattern $p$, there are only finitely many affine permutations in $\widetilde{S}_n$ that avoid $p$ if and only if $p$ avoids the pattern $321$. We then count the number of affine permutations that avoid a given pattern $p$ for each $p$ in $S_3$, as well as give some conjectures for the patterns in $S_4$. This paper is just an outline; the full version will appear elsewhere. Dans cet œuvre, on étudie comment les permutations affines évitent les motifs. Spécifiquement, on peut dire que pour le motif $p$, il existe un nombre limité de permutations affines dans $\widetilde{S}_n$ qui évite $p$ si et seulement si $p$ évite le motif $321$. Après, on compte le nombre de permutations affines qui évitent le motif $p$ pour chaque $p$ de $S_3$. Puis, on donne des conjectures pour les motifs de $S_4$. Ceci n'est qu'un aperçu; la version complète apparaîtra ailleurs.

The enumeration of fully commutative affine permutations

We give a generating function for the fully commutative affine permutations enumerated by rank and Coxeter length, extending formulas due to Stembridge and Barcucci–Del Lungo–Pergola–Pinzani. For fixed rank, the length generating functions have coefficients that are periodic with period dividing the rank. In the course of proving these formulas, we obtain results that elucidate the structure of the fully commutative affine permutations.

Block-transitive designs in affine spaces

This paper deals with block-transitive t-(v, k, λ) designs in affine spaces for large t, with a focus on the important index λ = 1 case. We prove that there are no non-trivial 5-(v, k, 1) designs admitting a block-transitive group of automorphisms that is of affine type. Moreover, we show that the corresponding non-existence result holds for 4-(v, k, 1) designs, except possibly when the group is 1-D affine. Our approach involves a consideration of the finite 2-homogeneous affine permutation groups.

A filtration of [formula omitted]-Catalan numbers

The operator ∇ of F. Bergeron, Garsia, Haiman and Tesler [F. Bergeron, A. Garsia, M. Haiman, G. Tesler, Identities and positivity conjectures for some remarkable operators in the theory of symmetric functions, Methods Appl. Anal. 6 (1999) 363–420] acting on the k-Schur functions [L. Lapointe, A. Lascoux, J. Morse, Tableaux atoms and a new Macdonald positivity conjecture, Duke Math. J. 116 (2003) 103–146; L. Lapointe, J. Morse, Schur functions analogs for a filtration of the symmetric functions space, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 101 (2003) 191–224; L. Lapointe, J. Morse, Tableaux on k + 1 -cores, reduced words for affine permutations and k-Schur expansion, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 112 (2005) 44–81] indexed by a single column has a coefficient in the expansion which is an analogue of the ( q , t ) -Catalan number with a level k. When k divides n we conjecture a representation theoretical model in this case such that the graded dimensions of the module are the coefficients of the ( q , t ) -Catalan polynomials of level k. When the parameter t is set to 1, the Catalan numbers of level k are shown to count the number of Dyck paths that lie below a certain Dyck path with q counting the area of the path.

A bijection on core partitions and a parabolic quotient of the affine symmetric group

Let ℓ , k be fixed positive integers. In [C. Berg, M. Vazirani, ( ℓ , 0 ) -Carter partitions, a generating function, and their crystal theoretic interpretation, Electron. J. Combin. 15 (2008) R130], the first and third authors established a bijection between ℓ-cores with first part equal to k and ( ℓ − 1 ) -cores with first part less than or equal to k. This paper gives several new interpretations of that bijection. The ℓ-cores index minimal length coset representatives for S ℓ ˜ / S ℓ where S ℓ ˜ denotes the affine symmetric group and S ℓ denotes the finite symmetric group. In this setting, the bijection has a beautiful geometric interpretation in terms of the root lattice of type A ℓ − 1 . We also show that the bijection has a natural description in terms of another correspondence due to Lapointe and Morse [L. Lapointe, J. Morse, Tableaux on k + 1 -cores, reduced words for affine permutations, and k-Schur expansions, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 112 (1) (2005) 44–81].

Interprétation de l'arithmétique dans certains groupes de permutations affines par morceaux d'un intervalle

RésuméL'arithmétique est interprétée dans tous les groupes de Richard Thompson et de Graham Higman, aussi bien que dans d'autres groupes des permutations affines par morceaux d'un intervalle qui généralisent les groupes de Thompson et de Higman. En particulier, les théories élémentaires de tous ces groupes sont indécidables. De plus, le groupeFde Thompson et certaines de ses généralisations interprètent l'arithmétique sans paramètres.