Affiliation Motivation Research Articles

SUBJECTIVE FEELING OF LONELINESS OF STUDENTS DURING DISTANCE EDUCATION

The article is dedicated to the generalization of the most relevant scientific approaches to the study of the concept of loneliness, the subjective feeling of loneliness, the disclosure of the meaning and influence of the experience of loneliness in the development of personality. The levels of the subjective feeling of loneliness are empirically identified and described. The article highlights both the scientific and applied significance of research of the subjective feeling of loneliness of students during distance learning. Further prospects for research on this issue are indicated. Loneliness is a complicated socio-psychological phenomenon. Being a personal experience, it is difficult to describe, since its manifestations are always subjective. The ambivalence of loneliness lies in its ambiguous impact on a person - it is often perceived by people as a difficult and painful experience, but it cannot be denied that for personality development it is necessary to be alone from time to time. In the course of the study, an analysis of the phenomenon of loneliness as a socio-psychological phenomenon was carried out. The understanding of this phenomenon from the point of view of various researchers was considered, a number of definitions of the concept of loneliness were given. The analysis of the differences between such concepts as loneliness, isolation and seclusion was carried out and the classifications of types of loneliness were given. A theoretical analysis of such a concept as achievement motivation was also conducted, and the concept of affiliation motivation was briefly analyzed. In the world, the problem of loneliness of students during distance learning is particularly relevant. The development of technology has allowed a person to be in constant contact with a huge amount of information, to contact other people via Internet. But such limitless possibilities have a negative side. Dependence on information, characteristic of a modern person, distances it, plunging into its continuous consumption, depriving time of solitude, contact with one's feelings and thoughts.

Achievement Motivation, Affiliation Motivation, and Student Learning Behavior During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Structural Equation Model

Learning behavior can be driven by motivation, when the quality of this motivation is high it will have a positive impact on welfare, but when motivation is of low quality it will have a detrimental impact on welfare. This study aims to determine the relationship between achievement motivation, affiliation motivation, and student learning behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic. Research design correlation with SEM analysis techniques. The subjects that will be used consist of 2941 junior high school students who were selected using the cluster random sampling technique. The research data was taken using 3 psychological scales, namely achievement motivation, affiliation motivation, and learning behavior. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS) assisted by Warp – PLS version 7.0. The results of the analysis show that the coefficient of achievement motivation on learning behavior is 0.64. It shows that achievement motivation is significantly correlated. The coefficient of affiliated motivation on learning behavior is 0.1. It shows that affiliation motivation is influential but not significant, even though affiliation motivation supports learning behavior.

Empathy as an intersubjective resource of the university students` adaptation in the conditions of digitalization of the educational environment

Introduction. Empathy is a multidimensional phenomenon. When students adapt to university, the development of skills that contribute to rapid adaptability to changing environmental conditions is considered. Currently, students are required to be ready for successful interaction in completely different formats: distance, hybrid. The work is aimed at finding the resource side of students' empathic abilities when they adapt to the university. Methods. Based on the traditions of the structural-level approach, we have used methods that allowed us to see the system at three levels: analytical, component and structural. The study has involved 281 first-year students. The following methods have been used to identify psychological patterns: the test of diagnostics of the level of empathic abilities (V.V. Boyko), the method of «Adaptation of students to university» (M.S. Yurkina), the method of communicative intolerance (V.V. Boyko), the test of affiliation motives (A. Mehrabian). Research results. For the first time, it was established that empathy is not only a resource of adaptation of students at the university, but also an anti-resource (positive relationships between intolerance and empathy channels r=0.18, p≤0.01 were found). Only conative empathy has resourcing, which reduces the impact of communicative intolerance and other maladapting personal qualities (negative relationship with general intolerance r=0.27, p≤0.001). The conative parameters of empathy include: penetrating ability in empathy, identification and attitudes that promote empathy. The calculation of coherence and divergence indices of structures makes it possible to establish the following indicators: coherence index = 202, divergence index = 62, structure organization index = 140. The heterogeneity of the manifestations of empathy is explained by its multilevel nature. It was revealed that the penetrating ability in empathy affects the motives of affiliation: significantly reduces the fear of rejection and increases the desire for acceptance (p≤0.01). Conclusion. The resourcefulness of conative empathy rests on the fact that it has a facilitating effect on the parts contributing to adaptation to higher education, and inhibiting interaction on the negative qualities of university adaptability that hinder development. Constructive resourcing reduces the development of negative aspects of the success of the activity.

Pengaruh Motivasi Berafiliasi dan Komitmen Afektif terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Labuhanbatu

The Regional Revenue Agency of Labuhanbatu Regency can improve employee performance by increasing an important component of management, namely human resources (HR), which includes affiliation motivation and affective commitment. Affiliation motivation and affective commitment can be decisive if the drive to achieve organizational success is implemented with a strong belief to follow all organizational values. This study aims to analyze the effect of affiliation motivation and affective commitment on employee performance at the Regional Revenue Agency of Labuhanbatu Regency. The population in this study amounted to 90 people. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling, so the sample size in this study was 90 people. The data collection method used a questionnaire/questionnaire. The results of multiple linear regression analysis obtained the equation Y=1,838+0,363X1+0,812X2. In the partial test (t test) the regression coefficient of the affiliated motivation variable (X1) obtained a t value of 2.416 > t table 1.987 which means that the affiliated motivation variable has a positive and significant effect on the employee performance variable with a significant value of 0.018 < 0.05. The regression coefficient for the affective commitment variable (X2) obtained a t-count value of 5.394 > t-table 1.987, which means that the affective commitment variable has a positive and significant effect on the employee performance variable with a significant value of 0.000 <0.05. The results of the F test obtained that the Fcount value of 119,959 > Ftable 3.10 with a significant value of 0.000 <0.05, which means that the affiliation motivation variable and affective commitment simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The results of the coefficient of determination test show that the affiliation motivation variable and affective commitment have an influence of 73.4% on the employee performance variable, while the remaining 26.6% is influenced by other variables outside of this study.

Resuming social contact after months of contact restrictions: Social traits moderate associations between changes in social contact and well-being

Humans possess a need for social contact. Satisfaction of this need benefits well-being, whereas deprivation is detrimental. However, how much contact people desire is not universal, and evidence is mixed on individual differences in the association between contact and well-being. This preregistered longitudinal study (N = 190) examined changes in social contact and well-being (life satisfaction, depressivity/anxiety) in Germany during pervasive contact restrictions, which exceed lab-based social deprivation. We analyzed how changes in personal and indirect contact and well-being during the first COVID-19 lockdown varied with social traits (e.g., affiliation, extraversion). Results showed that affiliation motive, need to be alone, and social anxiety moderated the resumption of personal contact under loosened restrictions as well as associated changes in life satisfaction and depressivity/anxiety.

The Role of Relatedness in the Motivation and Vitality of University Students in Online Classes During Social Distancing.

As part of the social distancing measures for preventing the spread of COVID-19, many university courses were moved online. There is an assumption that online teaching limits opportunities for fostering interpersonal relationships and students’ satisfaction of the basic need for relatedness – reflected by experiencing meaningful interpersonal connections and belonging – which are considered important prerequisites for student motivation and vitality. In educational settings, an important factor affecting students’ relatedness satisfaction is the teachers’ behavior. Although research suggests that relatedness satisfaction may be impaired in online education settings, to date no study has assessed how university lecturers’ relatedness support might be associated with student relatedness satisfaction and therefore, student motivation and vitality. This study tested this mediating relationship using data collected during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also investigated whether the relations were moderated by a high affiliation motive which reflects a dispositional wish for positive and warm relationships. The possible importance of the communication channel selected by the lecturers (video chat yes/no) and the format of a class (lecture/seminar) were also investigated. In a sample of N = 337 students, we tested our hypotheses using structural equation model (SEM). Results confirmed mediation, but not moderation. The use of video chat (video call) seems to facilitate the provision of relatedness support but our data did not show that the format of a class was associated with relatedness. Our findings indicate that both teaching behavior and the technical format used to deliver lectures play important roles in student experiences with online classes. The results are discussed in light of other research conducted during the pandemic.

Motives and Consequences of Alcohol Use in People With Social Anxiety Disorder: A Daily Diary Study

People with social anxiety disorder (SAD) are at increased risk for alcohol-related problems. Most research exploring social anxiety and alcohol use has examined negative drinking consequences, with less consideration of positive consequences—namely positive social experiences—that may reinforce alcohol use. In this daily diary study, we examined how adults diagnosed with SAD (N = 26) and a psychologically healthy control group (N = 28) experienced positive drinking consequences in naturally occurring drinking episodes during the study period. For 14 consecutive days, participants answered questions about alcohol use, motives for drinking, and positive consequences of drinking. On days when participants drank, those with SAD were more likely than healthy controls to perceive a reduction in anxiety, but the two groups did not differ in their likelihood of experiencing positive social drinking consequences. For both groups, on days when they were more motivated to drink to enhance social experiences (affiliation motives) or cope with distress (coping motives), they were more likely to obtain positive consequences from drinking. Compared to controls, participants with SAD endorsed stronger trait and daily coping motives (anxiety-coping, social anxiety-coping, and depression-coping). Results are discussed in the context of reinforcement mechanisms that may maintain social anxiety and alcohol use.

AFFILIATE MOTIVATE WITH ADJUSTMENTS IN SCHOOL

This research is motivated by the lack of good and effective self-adjustment abilities in Muhammadiyah orphanage youths, which hinders social interaction when they are in the school environment and their affiliation motives become hampered. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between affiliation motives and adjustment in school for adolescents at the Putra Muhammadiyah Sungai Penuh Orphanage. This type of research is a correlational study with a population of 30 people. The sampling technique used in this research is saturated sampling, which means that the entire population is the sample. Based on the results of the Spearman Rank calculation, the correlation coefficient between affiliation motives and self-adjustment in school is r = 0.219 with a significant level of 0.05. From these results, it can be concluded that the affiliation motive is related to adjustment at school in adolescents, meaning that adolescents who have a high affiliation motive will make good adjustments when they are in their school environment. Thus, it is stated that there is a low and positive relationship between affiliation motives and adjustment in school for adolescents at the Putra Aisyiyah Orphanage in Sungai Penuh.

Culture and narcissism: The roles of fundamental social motives

• We examine how cultural values relate to narcissism via social motives. • Vertical individualism exhibits a positive indirect effect on narcissism. • Horizontal collectivism shows a negative indirect effect on antagonistic narcissism. • A strong status motive underpins both agentic and antagonistic narcissism. • A weak affiliation motive is associated with antagonistic narcissism. Cultures that value individuality over collective cohesion tend to report higher levels of narcissism. One plausible explanation is that individuals with vertical individualistic orientations might find it easier to justify motivations to procure individual status and success, which may reinforce narcissistic tendencies. We tested this idea with samples of university students ( N 1 = 545) and working adults ( N 2 = 534). Specifically, we examined the degree to which cultural orientations related to grandiose narcissism through the fundamental social motives of status and affiliation. The indirect effects of vertical individualism on narcissism exhibited consistent patterns in both samples. As expected, vertical individualism related to higher levels of both agentic and antagonistic narcissism via a stronger status motive. The indirect effects of horizontal collectivism on narcissism were only observed for narcissistic rivalry. Specifically, horizontal collectivism related to lower levels of antagonistic narcissism via a stronger affiliation motive and a weaker status motive. Through documenting the interconnectedness of individuals’ cultural orientations, social motives, and narcissism, our findings demonstrate the central role of the status motive for narcissism.

МОТИВАЦИЯ И ЦЕННОСТНЫЕ ОРИЕНТАЦИИ РАБОТНИКОВ В ГЕНДЕРНОМ КОНТЕКСТЕ

The article describes the theoretical and applied scientific views on the labor motivation study in the gender aspect are described. Psychologists are mainly engaged in research on the work motivation, they have determined that main male motive is achievement, main female motives is recognition. According to a sociological study, work ranks fourth in a person’s value orientations after family, health and material prosperity for men and women. The wage motive is the leading one among workers in all sectors of employment, men are slightly more interested in wages than women. External motives related to the work itself – working conditions, organization of work, proximity of work to the place of residence are the main among the workers of industry and agriculture. The internal motive – interest in the content side of work – ranks only 5th among industrial workers and 4th among agricultural workers, it is more female than male one. For women, the affiliation motive, the opportunity to be in a team is also very important, but that is merely the 6th rank position. Interest in the content side of work is more relevant for knowledge workers, it is the second position among university teachers and the third among medical professionals, that particular determines their work in this profession. For teachers and doctors, the usefulness of work for society is also important, for men and women it ranks 4th as a position. Thus, we state that gender differences in labor motivation are more pronounced in physical labor.

Psychological Factors of Youth Emigration Intentions: A Review of International Studies

The psychological factors of the emigration intentions of young people, the growth of which is observed today in various countries of the world, are analysed based on the data of numerous international studies. The scientific significance of this analysis, on the one hand, is due to the lack of Russian psychological works that systematize and popularize the relevant information, on the other hand, it is associated with the need to subsequently correlate the results of international and Russian studies in order to identify common supra-cultural and specific psychological factors that affect the emigration intentions of young people. The psychological driving forces of the emigration intentions of young people considered in international studies are diverse and correspond to different levels of personality activity (individual, interpersonal and macrosocial). They correlate with general groups of factors contributing to emigration. The factors reflecting the emerging opportunities for emigration are related to positive attitudes towards emigration in general, the consideration of emigration as a way to achieve significant goals, a low degree of attachment to the country of origin, dissatisfaction with the existing living conditions, and positive attitudes towards the country where young people intend to move to. The psychological factors associated with the availability of social support include the support they receive from their families as well as relevant interpersonal contacts they have abroad. The group of factors related to personal resources for overcoming emerging obstacles correlates with expressed career aspirations, high motivation for power and achievements, insignificant motivation for affiliation, extraversion, openness to new experience, desire for risk, change and new impressions, openness to the world and cultural differences, readiness to interaction with others, faith in other religions and nationalities, self-efficacy, ability to cope with the ambivalence of emerging emotions and feelings, a high level of education, proficiency in foreign languages, and experience of international mobility. The obtained data can be used to conduct empirical psychological studies on the driving forces of the emigration activity of young people in Russia and other countries.

The relationships among relatedness frustration, affiliation motivation, and WeChat engagement, moderated by relatedness satisfaction

The current study was designed based on the two-process model of the relatedness need to investigate the cyber-psychological mechanisms in the relationship between relatedness frustration and social networking sites (SNSs) behaviors. Chinese college students (N = 494; 190 males; Mage = 18.81 ± .92) were recruited to complete online questionnaires to measure relatedness frustration, relatedness satisfaction, affiliation motivation, and WeChat engagement. Path analyses indicated that relatedness frustration was directly related to defensive WeChat engagement and indirectly related to WeChat involvement and active engagement via affiliation motivation. Affiliation motivation played a significant mediating role, with the relationship between affiliation motivation and WeChat involvement being moderated by relatedness satisfaction. Specifically, this relationship existed only when the level of relatedness satisfaction was high. This study helps to understand motivational coping mechanisms among people with different levels of relatedness satisfaction in relation to SNSs after experiencing relatedness frustration. Potential limitations and future directions of this paper to the cyber-psychology literature are discussed.

An Effortful Approach to Social Affiliation in Schizophrenia: Preliminary Evidence of Increased Theta and Alpha Connectivity during a Live Social Interaction.

People with schizophrenia often experience a profound lack of motivation for social affiliation—a facet of negative symptoms that detrimentally impairs functioning. However, the mechanisms underlying social affiliative deficits remain poorly understood, particularly under realistic social contexts. Here, we investigated subjective reports and electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity in schizophrenia during a live social interaction. Individuals with schizophrenia (n = 16) and healthy controls (n = 29) completed a face-to-face interaction with a confederate while having EEG recorded. Participants were randomly assigned to either a Closeness condition designed to elicit feelings of closeness through self-disclosure or a Small-Talk condition with minimal disclosure. Compared to controls, patients reported lower positive emotional experiences and feelings of closeness across conditions, but they showed comparably greater subjective affiliative responses for the Closeness (vs. Small-Talk) condition. Additionally, patients in the Closeness (vs. Small-Talk) condition displayed a global increase in connectivity in theta and alpha frequency bands that was not observed for controls. Importantly, greater theta and alpha connectivity was associated with greater subjective affiliative responding, greater negative symptoms, and lower disorganized symptoms in patients. Collectively, findings indicate that patients, because of pronounced negative symptoms, utilized a less efficient, top-down mediated strategy to process social affiliation.

Seek What You Need

In Motive Disposition Theory, the affiliation motive describes our need to form mutually satisfying bonds, whereas the power motive is the wish to influence others. To understand how these social motives shape play experience, we explore their relationship to Self-Determination Theory and Flow Theory in League of Legends. We find that: higher intimacy motivation is associated with greater relatedness satisfaction, autonomy satisfaction, enjoyment, and the flow dimension of absorption; higher prosocial motivation with more effort invested and the flow dimension fluency of performance; and higher dominance motivation with lower relatedness satisfaction but higher competence satisfaction and increased flow in both dimensions. We demonstrate that in addition to being driven to satisfy universal needs, players also possess individualized needs that explain our underlying motives and ultimately shape our gaming preferences and experiences. Our results suggest that people do not merely gravitate towards need-supportive situations, but actively seek, change, and create situations based on their individualized motives.

No evidence for modulation of facial mimicry by attachment tendencies in adulthood: an EMG investigation

ABSTRACT Mimicking another individual functions as a social glue: it smoothens the interaction and fosters affiliation. Here, we investigated whether the intrinsic motivation to affiliate with others, stemming from attachment relationships, modulates individuals’ engagement in facial mimicry (FM). Participants (N = 100; M Age = 24.54 years, SD Age = 3.90 years) observed faces with happy, sad, and neutral expressions, while their facial muscle activity was recorded with electromyography. Attachment was measured with the Attachment Styles Questionnaire, which provides a multidimensional profile for preoccupied and dismissing styles. It was proposed that the preoccupied and dismissing styles are characterized by high and low intrinsic affiliation motivation, respectively, and these were hypothesized to manifest in enhanced and diminished FM. Participants showed happy and sad FM, yet attachment styles did not significantly predict FM. Bayes Factor analyses lend evidence favoring the null hypothesis, suggesting that adult attachment do not contribute to FM.

Food Hygiene Practices of Rural Women and Microbial Risk for Children: Formative Research in Nepal.

ABSTRACT.Formative research was conducted in a rural hill setting in Nepal during April–June 2012 to inform the design of an intervention to promote safe food hygiene practices. A variety of methods underpinned by Behavior Centered Design theory and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points was used to pinpoint key risk behaviors and their environmental and psychological determinants in 68 households with a mother having a child aged 6–59 months. These included video recordings, observation of daily routine, teach-the-researcher sessions, in-depth interviews, observations of actual behaviors, focus group discussions, motive mapping, microbiological assessment, and identification of critical control points. Physical settings, especially the kitchen, form a challenging environment for mothers, including family members in rural hill settings of Nepal to practice adequate food hygiene behaviors. Prevalent food hygiene practices of mothers were inadequate, leading to frequent exposure of young children to highly contaminated food, water, and milk. We identified six critical control points; of these, five needed improving. Determinants of these behaviors included physical and social environment as well as psychological brief and individual motives. Five key food hygiene risk behaviors are suggested for prioritization. While designing a food hygiene intervention package, consideration should be given to the physical, biological, and social environment, and immediate motives behind each practice should be taken into consideration while framing key messages. Creative and engaging activities should be designed around the motives of nurture, disgust, affiliation, and social status/respect.

Autistic children\u2019s language imitation shows reduced sensitivity to ostracism

In dialogue, speakers tend to imitate, or align with, a partner’s language choices. Higher levels of alignment facilitate communication and can be elicited by affiliation goals. Since autistic children have interaction and communication impairments, we investigated whether a failure to display affiliative language imitation contributes to their conversational difficulties. We measured autistic children’s lexical alignment with a partner, following an ostracism manipulation which induces affiliative motivation in typical adults and children. While autistic children demonstrated lexical alignment, we observed no affiliative influence on ostracised children’s tendency to align, relative to controls. Our results suggest that increased language imitation—a potentially valuable form of social adaptation—is unavailable to autistic children, which may reflect their impaired affective understanding.

The need to belong as motive for (cyber)bullying and aggressive behavior among immigrant adolescents in Cyprus.

Peer group integration is a crucial acculturative goal for immigrant adolescents who, in order to reach this goal, may use bullying and/or aggressive behavior. The present study aims to explore the underlying aggression motives by investigating the importance of three motives (anger, power, and affiliation) for five different forms of aggressive behavior (bullying, cyberbullying, physical, verbal, and relational aggression) in three groups of adolescents (non-immigrants, first-generation and second-generation immigrants) in Cyprus. The sample consists of 507 non-immigrant Greek Cypriots, 149 first-generation and 93 second-generation immigrants (age M = 16.1, SD = 0.39; range 15-19; 52% female). Data was collected via validated self-report scales. In line with our hypotheses, latent means and covariances structure (MACS) models revealed that the affiliation motive was a stronger predictor for all five forms of aggressive behavior among first-generation immigrant adolescents indicating that the need to belong is especially important for their acculturation. The practical importance of these findings for better integrating newcomer immigrants in schools and aggression prevention are discussed.

Motives and Laterality: Exploring the Links

ObjectivesWe explored associations between the needs for power, achievement, and affiliation and functional cerebral asymmetries (FCAs), guided by three established hypotheses about the nature of these associations.MethodsOne-hundred-and-seven participants completed picture-story measures of dispositional motives and activity inhibition (AI), a frequent moderator of motive-behavior associations, tasks measuring FCAs (line bisection, chimeric emotional face judgments, turning bias, perceptual and response asymmetries on the Poffenberger task), self-reported laterality preferences (handedness, footedness, ear and eye preference), and interhemispheric interaction (crossed-uncrossed difference). They also completed an experiment manipulating hand contractions (left, right, both, neither) while they worked on a second picture-story motive measure.ResultsDispositional power motivation was associated with stronger rightward asymmetry and less interhemispheric transfer in high-AI and stronger leftward asymmetry and more interhemispheric transfer in low-AI individuals. For the affiliation motive, findings were fewer and in the opposite direction of those for the power motive. These findings emerged for men, but not for women. Left- or right-hand contractions led to increases in power and achievement motivation, but not affiliation motivation. Only left-hand contractions led to decreased AI.ConclusionsWe discuss these findings in the context of sex-dimorphic organizing and activating effects of steroids on motives and laterality.

Psychocorrection of Adolescents 'Anxiety by Music Therapy

Personal anxiety in adolescence is largely determined by psychological factors (personal, adaptive, motivational), and the correction of personal anxiety in adolescents is possible by combining two areas of work: reducing the effects of psychological factors on its occurrence; development of constructive forms of behavior in psychogenic situations, in conditions of increased anxiety through the use of music therapy. The aim of the study is to study the state of anxiety in adolescence after psychocorrection by music therapy. A set of methods was used to study the psychological features of anxiety in adolescents, ways to overcome and level before and after the psychocorrection program. There are a number of positive changes in the indicators of personal and motivational factors of anxiety: an increase in self-esteem and responsibility, increased self-esteem, which, in turn, led to a decrease in the difference between this indicator and the level of claims, a change in attitude realistic type, changing the distribution of affiliation motives and achieving in favor of the motive of the desire to accept and the desire to succeed, respectively. The effectiveness of the corrective effect was manifested in the change in the distribution of subjects by levels of anxiety. A high level of personal anxiety was recorded, after the implementation of the program it halved. During the study, a number of positive changes in the indicators of personal and motivational factors of anxiety were recorded. The results show, however, that psychocorrectional work with music therapy is effective in the work of a psychologist. The obtained results can be used both during the training of future psychologists, the development of a psycho-correctional program and during family counseling.