Affect User Experience Research Articles

Characterizing the interaction effects of modular components on transtibial prosthesis stance-phase mechanical behavior

Background: Despite evidence that passive prosthesis mechanical properties can directly affect user experience, prosthetists have access to minimal information regarding the mechanical interactions between a prosthetic foot and proximal modular componentry. Objectives: This study quantified the stance phase mechanical behavior of a transtibial prosthetic system through the addition of passive modular componentry to a dynamic response (DR) foot. Study Design: Repeated measures, mechanical characterization. Methods: Maximum displacement and energy return were measured with a materials test machine simulating initial, mid, and terminal stances. Twelve conditions were tested: a DR foot in combination with a hydraulic ankle at 2 resistance settings and 3 different shock-absorbing pylons (SAPs). The roll-over shape of the DR foot with and without hydraulic ankle was measured using a test rig. Results: Adding modular passive components altered displacement and energy return, displaying independent and interaction effects. Generally, the hydraulic ankle and SAP reduced energy return (up to 18%) but decreased (up to 51%) and increased (up to 88%) displacement, respectively, while the combined properties were more complex. Roll-over shape radii decreased with increasing load for the foot alone but exhibited a nonlinear response with the addition of the ankle. Conclusions: Inclusion of modular components in a transtibial prosthetic system can have complex mechanical interactions that independently affect the system's response to load. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the cumulative effects of these interactions to inform the tuning of transtibial prosthesis mechanical behavior. Combinations of hydraulic ankles and SAPs can help clinicians adjust the prosthesis to achieve a balance between user comfort and energy return.

Multi-objective improvement of Android applications

Non-functional properties, such as runtime or memory use, are important to mobile app users and developers, as they affect user experience. We propose a practical approach and the first open-source tool, GIDroid for multi-objective automated improvement of Android apps. In particular, we use Genetic Improvement, a search-based technique that navigates the space of software variants to find improved software. We use a simulation-based testing framework to greatly improve the speed of search. GIDroid contains three state-of-the-art multi-objective algorithms, and two new mutation operators, which cache the results of method calls. Genetic Improvement relies on testing to validate patches. Previous work showed that tests in open-source Android applications are scarce. We thus wrote tests for 21 versions of 7 Android apps, creating a new benchmark for performance improvements. We used GIDroid to improve versions of mobile apps where developers had previously found improvements to runtime, memory, and bandwidth use. Our technique automatically re-discovers 64% of existing improvements. We then applied our approach to current versions of software in which there were no known improvements. We were able to improve execution time by up to 35%, and memory use by up to 33% in these apps.

Impact of Gamification on Intention to Donate Using Crowdfunding Platform: Evaluating the Mediating Roles of Affective User Experience and Trust

Crowdfunding platforms are seen as potential solutions to facilitate disintermediated giving, where people can go directly to the public for help with their difficulties. Although disintermediation is widespread and active in the crowdfunding industry, the fiercely competitive environment, combined with concerns about personal data use and unethical conduct, has resulted in an enormous number of campaigns failing. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate factors that influence contributors’ intention to participate in the crowdfunding platform. Using a self-administered survey, this research collected data from 339 individuals with initial knowledge of crowdfunding activities. The results of hypothesis testing indicate that gamification has a direct positive impact on affective user experience and trust in the platform but insignificantly affects donation intention on a crowdfunding platform. Interestingly, the mediating role of affective user experience and trust are established. The results lead to the discussion that gamification alone not directly impact donors' intentions to contribute on crowdfunding platforms, it significantly influences intention when mediated by affective user experience and trust in the platform. The substantial contribution of the relationship between gamification and trust in the platform, emphasizing the importance of user experience as a key precursor to positive behavioural intentions in online and gamified environments.

User comfort and naturalness of automated driving: The effect of vehicle kinematic and proxemic factors on subjective response

User comfort in higher-level Automated Vehicles (AVs, SAE Level 4+) is crucial for public acceptance. AV driving styles, characterised by vehicle kinematic and proxemic factors, affect user comfort, with “human-like” driving styles expected to provide natural feelings. We investigated a) how the kinematic and proxemic factors of an AV's driving style affect users' evaluation of comfort and naturalness, and b) how the similarities between automated and users' manual driving styles affect user evaluation.Using a motion-based driving simulator, participants experienced three Level 4 automated driving styles: two human-like (defensive, aggressive) and one machine-like. They also manually drove the same route. Participants rated their comfort and naturalness of each automated controller, across twenty-four varied UK road sections. We calculated maximum absolute values of the kinematic and proxemic factors affecting the AV's driving styles in longitudinal, lateral, and vertical directions, for each road section, to characterise the automated driving styles. The Euclidean distance between AV and manual driving styles, in terms of kinematic and proxemic factors, was calculated to characterise the human-like driving style of the AV.We used mixed-effects models to examine a) the effect of AV's kinematic and proxemic factors on the evaluation of comfort and naturalness, and b) how similarities between manual and automated driving styles affected the evaluation. Results showed significant effects of lateral and rotational kinematic factors on comfort and naturalness, with longitudinal kinematic factors having a less prominent effect. Similarities in vehicle metrics, such as speed, longitudinal jerk, lateral offset, and yaw, between manual and automated driving styles, enhanced user comfort and naturalness.This research facilitates an understanding of how control features of AVs affect user experience, contributing to the design of user-centred controllers and better acceptance of higher-level AVs.

Construction of user experience model iniImmersive virtual environment based on ontology

With the rapid development of virtual immersion technology, immersive virtual environment (IVE) has shown its unique application potential in many fields. The purpose of this study is to explore and construct a user experience model in immersive virtual environment based on ontological theory. The key factors affecting user experience include sensory experience, interaction control, distraction factors, realism perception, ownership, motion control and location. Environmental dimension and physical dimension are the two core aspects of user experience. Sensory experience and sense of ownership have a significant positive impact on users' sense of existence in a specific environment, while control dimension, sensory dimension and realism dimension play an important role in enhancing users' sense of ontology. The different dimensions of the sense of ontology have a significant positive impact on the user's sense of immersion and presence, which verifies the central role of the sense of ontology in enhancing the user's immersion experience. We look forward to further enhancing the user's immersion experience and promoting the application of immersive virtual environment in a wider range of fields

Behind The Feminine Facade: Gender Bias in Virtual Assistants and Its Effect on Users

The paper examines the boundaries of gendered voice in virtual assistant responses. It intends to examine the gender biases these virtual assistants display by looking at popular systems such as Siri, Alexa, Cortana and Google Assistant which are known for using female voices in their choice of assistants. The study explores how gender bias in VA design affects user experience using both quantitative and qualitative methods of study. It examines how Virtual assistants can be programmed and designed for inclusive interaction to challenge societal gender norms. By drawing from diverse fields such as pragmatics, sociolinguistics, and gender studies to analyze how these assistants encode and reproduce gender bias. The present study also highlights the importance of linguistic equity in digital interaction.

서비스형 버추얼 휴먼의 감성적 디자인 분석 및 UX평가

As the digitization of museums accelerates, service-oriented virtual humans are leading the museum industry's entry into the metaverse. However, compared to other countries, the application of service-oriented virtual humans in Chinese museums is still in its early stages. This study explores ways to enhance the user experience of service-oriented virtual humans in museums through emotional design and UX evaluation. Firstly, the study identifies emotional design elements and UX evaluation factors through prior research. Secondly, it discusses seven elements—visual, auditory, storytelling, interaction, pleasure, satisfaction, and convenience—across the three levels of emotional design(instinctive, behavioral, and reflective) using representative cases from Chinese museums. Thirdly, based on prior research, the study establishes UX evaluation criteria and selects expert interview subjects, identifying key factors affecting user experience: meaningful, pleasurable, convenient, usable, reliable, and interaction. Finally, the study synthesizes insights from case analysis and interview results. From an emotional design perspective, virtual humans are modeled after real people and incorporate traditional Chinese cultural elements in their appearance, using natural dialogue and emotional expression. They explain the background and history of artifacts and enhance participation through diverse interaction methods. Rich knowledge and engaging interactions attract visitor attention and enhance enjoyment. In terms of UX evaluation, diverse interactions increase immersion, while natural language and visual/auditory elements stimulate curiosity and engagement. Concise information delivery and voice interaction improve convenience. Functions such as inquiry response and route planning meet individual needs. Natural voice interaction and data security enhance trust, while improved voice recognition accuracy and facial expression consistency enhance user immersion and interaction experience.

Usability Analysis of User Interface (UI) Design Using the Heuristics Method on Library Website

The library website is an important portal for users to access information, especially in the context of education and research. An evaluation of the quality of the Yogyakarta State University library website was conducted to ensure that the site meets the principles of usability, using the heuristic method developed by Jacob Nielsen. This method aims to determine usability issues in user interface design. Observation of the library.uny.ac.id website shows several problems with the user interface that can affect user experience. This research aims to evaluate and provide recommendations for improvements to the usability of the interface design of the Yogyakarta State University library website. This research method is qualitative through a literature approach that involves a critical and in-depth study of various library materials relevant to the topic of the problem. The results of the study are expected to be information and evaluation materials to develop programs and improve the library website to make it more attractive, informative, innovative, and easy to use by all users. This evaluation also emphasizes the importance of easy access, attractive appearance, and user-friendly design to increase user satisfaction and prevent them from switching to other better websites.

Analysis of BCA Mobile Banking Application Complexity Factors on User Experience Using UTAUT

In the present digital era, there has been a transformation in banking practices, moving away from traditional services towards those rooted in technology. Mobile Banking has become the primary means for users to conduct banking transactions. However, despite its prevalence, there are complexities in its usage that can affect user experience. This study proposes an analysis using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), specifically the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), to identify factors influencing the adoption of technology in BCA Mobile Banking. These factors include system complexity, lack of feature understanding, interface design issues in the application, and social barriers encountered during Mobile Banking usage. Through this study, it is anticipated that key factors affecting the adoption of Mobile Banking technology can be identified, enabling stakeholders to utilize this research as an assessment tool to enhance user experience and the efficiency of technology-based banking services.

Software Requirements Engineering and User Experience Design Modeling of Big Data Analysis using Convolution-Bidirectional Temporal Convolutional Network

The study of user perception and interaction with applications is referred to as user experience, or UX. The intricacy and versatility of software products, from requirements engineering to product functionality are well recognized. UX evaluations are often depends on prototypes, but it's important to consider the semantics embedded in software requirements to ensure project success. In this manuscript, Software Requirements Engineering and User Experience Design Modeling of Big Data Analysis using Convolution-Bidirectional Temporal Convolutional Network (SRE-UEDM-BDA-CBTCN) is proposed. The input data are collected from Requirements dataset. The collected data are given to the Convolution-Bidirectional Temporal Convolutional Network (CBTCN) to Design Modeling of Big Data Analysis user experience based on the dataset. In general, CBTCN does not express any adaption of optimization techniques for determining the ideal parameters to accurate Design user experience. Hence, African Vultures Optimization Algorithm (AVOA) is proposed in this work to improve the weight parameter of CBTCN. The proposed model is implemented and the efficiency is evaluated utilizing some performance metrics like accuracy, precision, specificity, sensitivity and F1-Score. The proposed SRE-UEDM-BDA-CBTCN method provides 28.46%, 21.34 and 33.81% higher accuracy, 22.88%, 26.52% and 34.63% higher Precision and 28.46%, 21.34 and 33.81% higher specificity compared with the existing techniques like Holistic big data integrated artificial intelligent modeling to improve privacy and safety in data management of smart cities (AIM-BDI-SDM), Exploring the factors that affect user experience in mobile-health applications: A text-mining and machine-learning approach (MHA-UED-MLA) and Towards Measuring User Experience based on Software Requirements (TM-UEB-SR).

Innovative Prosthetic Hand Design: Integrating EMG Sensors and 3D Printing for Enhanced Usability

The development of affordable and user-friendly prosthetic hands presents a significant challenge within rehabilitation engineering, as traditional prosthetics often lack intuitive control and adaptability, adversely affecting user experience and daily functionality. This study proposes an innovative prosthetic hand that leverages advanced sensor technologies and 3D printing techniques to enhance usability and performance. Historically, prosthetic hands have been hindered by mechanical systems that do not facilitate effective user interaction, leading to frustration and limited functionality. By integrating electromyography (EMG) sensors, this research aims to bridge the gap between user needs and technological capabilities, enabling more responsive control based on natural muscle signals. The primary objectives include the utilization of advanced EMG sensors for intuitive control, the integration of real-time feedback mechanisms to enhance user interaction, and the design of a prosthetic hand that is both affordable and comfortable. Additionally, the study focuses on ensuring adaptability to accommodate diverse user requirements. Key features of the proposed design consist of EMG sensors for detecting muscle contractions, real-time feedback through LED displays, voltage sensors for battery monitoring, pressure sensors for adaptive grip strength, and the implementation of 3D printing for lightweight, customizable designs. Through this multifaceted approach, the study aims to significantly improve the quality of life for individuals requiring prosthetic support by delivering a solution that aligns with functional requirements while prioritizing user experience and accessibility. The findings are expected to pave the way for further innovations in prosthetic technology, ultimately making these devices more effective and accessible for users.

Impact of Internet of Things on Home Appliances

The way household appliances operate and communicate with consumers has completely changed as a result of the Internet of Things (IoT). This abstract explores how the Internet of Things affects household appliances, emphasizing how it affects user experience, convenience, and energy efficiency. With the use of smartphones and other smart devices and IoT connectivity, users can effortlessly integrate and control their appliances, giving them the ability to monitor and operate them remotely from any location. Tasks like receiving notifications, changing settings, and even starting appliance functions when away from home are made possible by this convenience. Furthermore, by using automation and data-driven insights, IoT makes it possible for home appliances to operate more energy efficiently. With sensors and connectivity, smart appliances can adjust their performance according to usage patterns and environmental factors in real time, saving energy and money on utility bills. IoT-enabled appliances can also take part in demand response initiatives, which helps with overall energy saving efforts. IoT-enabled appliances greatly improve user experience with their customizable features and user-friendly interfaces. The performance and lifespan of appliances are increased by machine learning algorithms that examine user behavior and preferences to make personalized suggestions, optimize settings, and foresee maintenance requirements. Keywords: Communication, Smart devices, Connectivity, Remotely, Sensors, Automation, Customizable features, User- friendly, Energy efficiently

Factors Affecting User Experience of E-Government Services: An Exploratory Review

As governments worldwide increasingly embrace digital transformation, e-government services have become integral in providing citizens with convenient access to public services and information. However, the success of these digital initiatives depends heavily on the user experience (UX) they offer. This paper presents an exploratory review of the user experience factors influencing e-government services. Drawing upon existing literature and empirical studies, this review identifies and examines key factors that shape the UX of e-government platforms, including accessibility, usability, security, personalization, multi-channel accessibility, content quality, and feedback mechanisms. The paper explores how these factors contribute to the public value generated by e-government services, encompassing benefits such as enhanced accessibility, improved efficiency, increased citizen engagement, greater transparency, cost savings, and innovative service delivery. Furthermore, the review highlights the need for governments to prioritize user-centered design principles and continuously evolve their digital offerings to meet the evolving needs and expectations of citizens. By synthesizing existing research and insights, this paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the UX factors influencing e-government services and offers valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers seeking to enhance the effectiveness and impact of digital government initiatives

Evaluation of a Smart Audio System Based on the ViP Principle and the Analytic Hierarchy Process Human–Computer Interaction Design

The current limitations of user–product interaction with smart speakers have spurred the proposal of a model to circumvent these challenges. We used the ViP design principle to redefine the user’s approach to interacting with the product. Throughout the deconstruction and design stages, we explored the structure and function of the conventional product across three layers: the product layer, interaction layer, and context layer using three models. We used the hierarchical analysis method to effectively quantify the design factors affecting user experience and identify the key design factors. This approach enabled us to contextualize the smart audio system, explore the interaction dynamics between the product and the user, and provide valuable insights on designing new products. A questionnaire method was used to survey 67 users, and a reliability test was conducted to ensure the validity of the questionnaire v (Cronbach’s coefficient α = 0.868). A pairwise comparison of factors was conducted on a 1–9 scale, with weights determined through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The combination of the ViP design principle and hierarchical analysis presents a novel and objective paradigm to guide designers to customize product characteristics (design attributes) to enhance user human–computer interaction experience. We validated the feasibility of the innovative design approach using the smart speaker model, offering insights for research on designing similar products.

Ultra-Low Power Analog Folded Neural Network for Cardiovascular Health Monitoring.

Wearable sensors are increasingly used for continuous health monitoring, but their small size limits battery capacity, affecting user experience and monitoring capabilities. To overcome this, we introduce an ultra-low power analog Folded Neural Network (FNN) for physiological signal processing in a batteryless fashion. Our proposed FNN, by serializing computation, provides several benefits over traditional analog implementations, such as lower space, lower power consumption, and lower peak-to-average power ratio. We evaluate our method extensively using a dataset designed for ECG-based screening and diagnosis. Our analysis considers factors such as thermal noise, spatial requirements, and power consumption. Additionally, we evaluate detection performance, investigating various parameters of the proposed FNN. This evaluation provides insights into the optimal configuration for accurate anomaly detection. We observe a good trade-off for accuracy around 6 layers and a hidden size of 30 and further demonstrate that such architecture could be implemented in a wearable device and executed in a batteryless fashion.

Virtual Reality’s Influence on Eye Sightedness: A Review

Introduction: Virtual Reality (VR) is an innovative tool for treating a range of childhood and adult illnesses, improving motor skills across ages. The use of VR therapies is expanding, particularly in serious VR games that may influence vision. VR’s immersive environments, tracked by headsets and sensors, raise concerns for eye health, affecting user experience and potentially creating visual challenges. Aim: To provide perspectives on exploring the influence of virtual reality on the eye sightedness. Materials and Methods: A search of literature was carried out on databases including PubMed, Cochrane, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Ovid-SP, and Google Scholar from their beginnings until February 2024. The search involved using terms such as “Virtual Reality,” “Eye,” “vision,” “effects,” and “physiotherapy,” with the use of Boolean operators AND and OR. Out of 3549 articles found in different databases, only four met the criteria and were included in this review. Results: The findings of the present review indicated that prolonged virtual reality use can strain the eyes, leading to discomfort, dryness, and visual fatigue. Over time, this strain may cause more significant issues such as the progression of myopia, digital eye strain, and potential long-term impacts on vision clarity and eye health. Conclusion: Concerns about the impact of extended VR use on eyes are valid, with evidence suggesting it could lead to the development of heterophoria—a condition where eyes point in different directions at rest. This condition may result in long-term vision issues. However, enjoying the benefits of VR (such as education, therapy, and entertainment) while being mindful of eye health is still feasible.

Potentially Unwanted App Detection for Blockchain-Based Android App Marketplace

Android is a mobile operating system with a high degree of openness, which attracts an increasing number of developers. Android application (or simply, app) marketplace provides a trusted source of apps for users and a more equitable competition environment for individual developers and commercial teams. Blockchain’s advantages of decentralization and data immutability are suitable for the Android app marketplace, which is mainly characterized by openness, equality, and security. However, this may also facilitate malicious developers to publish low-quality apps to display ads or steal users’ privacy for revenue. Therefore, blockchain-based app marketplaces have a strong need to identify those potentially unwanted apps (PUAs). In this paper, we first introduce our blockchain-based app marketplace model. Then, we propose a new PUA detection method, mainly based on metadata and user ratings, and they are easily accessible from blockchain-based app marketplaces. Moreover, we introduce dynamic analysis to check whether the URLs visited by the app are in malicious URL blacklists since apps with massive access to these URLs tend to affect user experience. After that, we pre-process those complex and redundant features and represent each app as an embedding. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of our method, we utilize several clustering algorithms to represent these apps as clusters and search for suspicious PUA clusters. Our study reveals several characteristics of PUA and suggests that PUAs are still present and need to be urgently removed.

Designing for passengers' information needs on fellow travelers: A comparison of day and night rides in shared automated vehicles

Shared automated mobility-on-demand promises efficient, sustainable, and flexible transportation. Nevertheless, security concerns, resilience, and their mutual influence – especially at night – will likely be the most critical barriers to public adoption since passengers have to share rides with strangers without a human driver on board. Prior research points out that having information about fellow travelers could alleviate the concerns of passengers and we designed two user interface variants to investigate the role of this information in an exploratory within-subjects user study (N=24). Participants experienced four automated day and night rides with varying personal information about co-passengers in a simulated environment. The results of the mixed-method study indicate that having information about other passengers (e.g., photo, gender, and name) positively affects user experience at night. In contrast, it is less necessary during the day. Considering participants' simultaneously raised privacy concerns, balancing security and privacy demands poses a substantial challenge for resilient system design.

Research on Factors Affecting User Experience of Tmall International Platform

Research on Factors Affecting User Experience of Tmall International Platform

Performability evaluation of NoSQL-based storage systems

NoSQL database management systems (DBMS) have been commonly adopted in cloud storage applications, as they usually provide better performance and availability than relational DBMSs. Eventual consistency is a remarkable feature of many NoSQL database systems, in which not all redundant nodes have the newest data, but, eventually, such data will be present in all nodes. Distinct consistency levels can be utilized, but they may affect user experience and service level agreements. The assessment of consistency concerning the probability of accessing the newest data is not common, and the jointly evaluation of performance and availability is usually neglected. This work proposes a method based on stochastic Petri nets (SPN) for evaluating the consistency levels of storage systems based on NoSQL DBMS adopting quorum technique. The models take into account distinct consistency levels and redundant nodes for estimating system availability, throughput and the probability of accessing the newest data. Experimental results demonstrate the practical feasibility of our approach.