Affective Well-being Research Articles

Grandparental stress, social support, and affective well-being of migrant grandparent caregivers in urban China: an integrated model

Grandparental stress, social support, and affective well-being of migrant grandparent caregivers in urban China: an integrated model

Passionately demanding: Work passion's role in the relationship between work demands and affective well-being at work.

In a world marked by exponential change, work demands are intensifying and becoming increasingly prominent in organizations' reality. Work demands are stressors for the employees who must deal with these requests as they bring with them costs. Promoting these workers' well-being at work is important as their level of comfort is closely related to how they will behave in the workplace. In this context, work passion is a fundamental factor in employees' daily motivation to work well. This study tested a new approach to work demands, distinguishing between challenges and obstacles, exploring how they influence affective well-being at work when work passion is part of the equation. Individual workers also participate in how demands are formulated, which affects their level of well-being at the workplace. Data were collected with an online questionnaire administered to a sample of 515 participants who had been working in the same organization for at least 6 months. The results of multiple regression analysis show that the way demands are revealed influences what kind of work passion predominates and thus how much workers' well-being at work is altered. Harmonious passion emerges as a personal resource that has the power to prevent negative affective states related to work from developing, while obsessive passion ends up putting even more demands on employees and having a stronger negative association with their affective well-being in the workplace.

Untangling the Additive and Multiplicative Relations between Natural Scenery Exposure and Human–Animal Interaction on Affective Well-Being: Evidence from Daily Diary Studies

Built nature spaces have been increasingly integrated into our urban environments in recent years with the aim of reaping their psychological benefits. However, despite numerous works of research on the relationship between nature exposure and well-being, most studies have looked into the benefits of well-being from the lens of isolated elements of nature, such as natural scenery or animal exposure. This study aims to fill in the gaps by examining the additive and multiplicative relationships between natural scenery exposure and human–animal interaction on affective well-being (i.e., positive affect, negative affect, and stress) through a daily diary study. Over seven days, natural scenery exposure, human–animal interactions, and affective well-being of 514 young adults were assessed. Through multilevel modelling, we found that natural scenery exposure was associated with increased positive affect at the within- and between-person levels. Moreover, human–animal interaction was associated with increased positive affect at the within-person level. No evidence was found for human–animal interaction as a moderator of the relationship between natural scenery exposure and affective well-being. Our findings support the additive, but not multiplicative, relations between natural scenery exposure and human–animal interactions on their influence on affective well-being. The exploratory analysis showed the lack of multiplicative relationship which can be attributed to the distinct mechanism of the effect between natural scenery exposure and human–animal interactions on affective well-being.

The Impact of Distance Learning on Academic and Emotional Aspects of Primary School Children

To reduce the COVID-19 spread, people have been forced to reduce social interactions and this strategy has also been applied to the school world. Italian schools were closed from February to early June 2020 (and, also, thereafter), and distance learning (DL) was adopted to maintain the teaching process. Concerns about consequences for students' learning and affective wellbeing have been risen. In the hypothesis that DL may have influenced students’ learning, we conducted, starting from November 2020 a screening for learning, reading, writing, and calculating skills in children from grade 1st to 3rd grade, to detect any differences between their performance and normative data. Moreover, a survey was carried out on adults (parents and teachers) close to the children involved in the research, to verify whether the experience of the lockdown may have caused emotional and behavioral changes through a questionnaire addressed to parents and teachers. From the analysis of the results, a general lack of performance in the writing tests emerged, with lower performances in children attending second and third-grade classes. Moreover, a consistent prevalence of children’ malaise was observed by adults close to them during the second pandemic wave, with behavioral manifestations seen by the 69.5% of teachers and by the 54.1% of parents.

"You are on mute": the impact of indoor soundscape on sexual well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown

Sexual well-being is a fundamental facet of the overall well-being of individuals and implies the ability to have safe and pleasurable sexual experiences, beyond the absence of disease or disturbance. The extent to which people can achieve sexual well-being depends, among other aspects, on whether they live in an environment that promotes and support it. The present study focuses on the unexplored impacts of the perceived acoustic environment (i.e., the soundscape) on human sexual activity carried out in domestic settings. Verbal descriptions have been gathered from open-ended questions included in a survey administered to 848 respondents living in London (UK) and in Italy in January 2021 during the COVID-19 lockdown. Thematic analysis was used to extract a framework detailing the positive and negative impacts of the acoustic environment on sexual activity. The results show the mechanisms by which the acoustic features of the environment can impact on the sexual experience in terms of privacy, distraction, disruption or support, up to trigger coping strategies (e.g., controlling windows, playing music) and behavioural changes (e.g., lowering the volume of the voice) that can in turn limit or enhance the freedom of sexual behaviour, affect or foster sexual well-being.

Biophilic Design: Virtual Nature Application in a Windowless Room

Biophilic design recommends the connection between humans and nature because it positively influences human health and well-being. Due to the pandemic, some humans have been forced to work at home or in windowless rooms. This situation makes occupants unable to connect with nature. One solution in biophilic design is to present natural substitute elements such as virtual nature to reconnect nature in spaces that cannot access it. This paper discusses the application of virtual nature in windowless space which aims to help users get positive benefits for affective well-being (AWB) such as emotions and moods. This paper is compiled through literature exploration by synthesizing various previous research results. Based on several studies, shows that virtual nature is not just replacing real nature but is a boundary of the interior that reconnects with nature. This connection emotionally determines the quality of the windowless room so that it has benefits for the well-being of the occupants, especially affective well-being (emotions and moods).

Pengaruh Workplace Spirituality terhadap Job Related Affective Well-being pada Guru di SMK Swasta Kota Bandung

Abstract. This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of Workplace Spirituality which has three aspects, meaningful work, sense of community, and alignment with organizational values on Job Related Affective Well- being on teachers at Vocational High School in Bandung. The research method used is the causality method with the number of subjects as many as 98 teachers at the Bandung City Vocational High School. This study uses a psychological scale with a workplace spirituality measurement tool from Milliman, Gatling, Kim, and a job related affective well-being measurement tool from Van Katwyk, Fox, Spector, & Kelloway. The results of the study found that 94.90% of teachers had high workplace spirituality and 60.20% of teachers had high job-related affective well-being. The results of multiple regressions show that workplace spirituality has an effect of 69.9% on job related affective well-being, while the meaningful work aspect has the largest effect, which is 33.82%, sense of community is 23.88% and the aspect of alignment with organizational values has the smallest effect, which is 12.19%.
 Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, dan menganalisis pengaruh Workplace Spirituality yang memiliki tiga aspek yaitu meaningful work, sense of community, dan alignment with organizational value terhadap Job Related Affective Well-being pada guru di SMK Swasta Kota Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kausalitas dengan jumlah subjek sebanyak 98 orang guru di SMK Swasta Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan skala psikologis dengan alat ukur workplace spirituality dari Milliman, Gatling, Kim, serta alat ukur job related affective well-being dari Van Katwyk, Fox, Spector, & Kelloway. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 94.90% guru memiliki workplace spirituality tinggi dan 60.20% guru memiliki job related affective well-being tinggi. Hasil multiple regression menunjukkan workplace spirituality memiliki pengaruh sebesar 69.9% terhadap job related affective well-being, sedangkan aspek meaningful work memberikan pengaruh paling besar yaitu 33.82%, sense of community sebesar 23.88% dan aspek alignment with organizational value memberikan pengaruh paling kecil yaitu 12.19%.

Heart Rate Variability's Association with Positive and Negative Affect in Daily Life: An Experience Sampling Study with Continuous Daytime Electrocardiography over Seven Days.

Heart rate variability has been found to be related to emotional processing and emotional responses. Studies that investigated these relationships were mostly lab-based or cross-sectional. Only limited research used intensive longitudinal data, in particular investigating within-individual processes in real-life settings. This study addresses the applicability of ambulatory-assessed electrocardiograms in combination with the experience sampling methodology by investigating the associations of various HRV measures with affective states on within- and between-individual levels. A total of 26 participants aged 18-29 years (23 females) wore electrocardiograms continuously for seven days. The participants received seven prompts per day and answered questions about their affective wellbeing. The heart rate and heart rate variability measures differed between body positions and activity classes. The heart rate and ratio of low-to-high-frequency heart rate variability were consistently associated with positive affect on a within-individual (state-like) level. These associations were mainly driven by the items of feeling "enthusiastic" and "happy". No associations were found with negative affect. Overall, we found evidence that the dominance of the sympathetic nervous system over the parasympathetic nervous system was associated with higher levels of positive affect on a within-individual (state-like) level. Suggestions for the application of ambulatory electrocardiogram assessment in the study of the association between autonomous nervous system activity and ecological momentary assessment-based variables are discussed.

Changes in psychosocial wellbeing over a five-year period in two predominantly Black Pittsburgh neighbourhoods: A comparison between gentrifying and non-gentrifying census tracts

Gentrification often leads to changes within urban neighbourhoods. While redevelopment and investment may improve the built environment in gentrifying neighbourhoods, there may be disruptive impacts that affect health and wellbeing for existing residents. A growing body of literature explores the impact of gentrification on the psychosocial wellbeing of residents. This study sought to understand gentrification’s effects on three aspects of psychosocial wellbeing in a random sample of predominantly Black residents in two neighbourhoods in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ( n = 662). Residents were enrolled in 2011 and surveyed multiple times through 2018. We used American Community Survey data to create a tract-level measure of gentrification to categorise the 13 census tracts in the two neighbourhoods as gentrified or not gentrified between 2011 and 2018 and assessed whether gentrified tracts experienced predominantly White or Black gentrification. We then estimated multivariate regression models to test associations between gentrification status and participant-level changes in perceived neighbourhood social cohesion, neighbourhood satisfaction and psychological distress, between 2013 and 2018. Relative to participants living in non-gentrified tracts, we found those living in gentrified tracts (all of which were Black gentrified) experienced smaller improvements in perceived neighbourhood social cohesion (coef. =−0.21, p = 0.005) and neighbourhood satisfaction (d y/d x = 0.12, p = 0.003). We found no statistically significant association between gentrification and changes in psychological distress. These results suggest that although gentrification may bring about needed resources in the community, further consideration should be given to help ensure any detrimental effects on social cohesion and neighbourhood satisfaction are mitigated.

Be Kind to Yourself: the Implications of Momentary Self-Compassion for Affective Dynamics and Well-Being in Daily Life

ObjectivesWhile self-compassion (SC) has mostly been understood as a stable trait-like property, growing evidence suggests that it may fluctuate over time within a given individual. However, little is known on how these fluctuations relate to affective well-being and affective dynamics, such as emotional inertia and stress reactivity in daily life.MethodsA sample of 119 non-clinical individuals (mean age: 31.3 years, 53.8% female) completed a 7-day smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment study with six semi-random signals per day. With each signal, individuals reported their momentary positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA), recent SC, and occurrence and perceived strain of daily hassles since the last signal.ResultsWhenever individuals reported higher recent SC than usual, they experienced higher momentary PA and lower momentary NA. Moreover, higher recent SC related to lower stress reactivity in terms of lower decrease of PA and lower increase of NA following the experience of daily hassles. No associations between SC and emotional inertia were found. When distinguishing between the positive components (SC-Pos) and negative components (SC-Neg) of SC, SC-Neg (compared to SC-Pos) was more strongly connected to NA, while SC-Pos and SC-Neg were similarly connected to PA. SC-Pos was associated with an attenuated NA stress reactivity, and SC-Neg with an increased NA stress reactivity. SC-Pos and SC-Neg did not significantly moderate PA stress reactivity nor emotional inertia.ConclusionsResults show that the benefits of SC for well-being and stress reactivity may unfold whenever we treat ourselves with compassion, irrespective of how self-compassionate we are in general.

How do appraisal as threat or challenge, efficacy, and environmental quality affect wellbeing in the COVID-19 pandemic?

In crises, it is of great relevance to identify mechanisms that help people to maintain a certain level of wellbeing. This paper investigates whether appraising the COVID-19 pandemic as a threat vs. as a challenge has different effects on subjective wellbeing during the pandemic. Furthermore, we study the role of the perceived local environmental quality for individuals' subjective wellbeing. Via online survey study with two times of measurement (N = 758), we investigated (a) the prediction of participants' wellbeing in June 2020 and June 2021 through five variables and (b) how these five variables moderated within-participant differences in subjective wellbeing over time. Results showed that a stronger perception of the pandemic as a threat (feeling worried) and a lower education in June 2020 predicted a lower subjective wellbeing in 2020 and 2021. A stronger challenge appraisal (feeling confident), higher efficacy expectations, and positive perceptions of the local environmental quality in June 2020 predicted a higher wellbeing in 2020 and 2021. There was no substantial change in participants' aggregated wellbeing over time. However, those who perceived the pandemic more as a threat in June 2020 struggled more with negative changes in their wellbeing, whereas those who perceived the pandemic more as a challenge reported a higher wellbeing. It seems key to support people in activating positive feelings to successfully cope with crises.

Social media use, uncertainty, and negative affect in times of pandemic crisis.

A common assertion in the social media literature is that passive media use undermines affective wellbeing, and active media use enhances it. The present study investigated the effects of social media use on negative affective wellbeing during pandemic crises and examined the mechanism underlying these effects through perceived uncertainty. Three studies were conducted during the Delta variant phase in the post-peak period of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Participants were recruited from the medium-high-risk infection areas in late August 2022. Study 1 used a cross-sectional survey to explore the relationships between social media use, uncertainty, and negative affect during the pandemic crisis. Study 2 employed a repeated-measures experiment to demonstrate how social media use and (un)certainty impact negative affect. Study 3 utilized a one-week experience sampling design to examine the role of uncertainty in the relationship between social media use and negative affect in real life. Despite some inconsistencies regarding social media use's direct effect on negative affect, across the three studies, perceived uncertainty was critical in linking pandemic-related social media use to individuals' negative affect, particularly for passive use. The relationships between social media use and affective wellbeing are complex and dynamic. While the perception of uncertainty provided an underlying mechanism that links social media use to individuals' affective wellbeing, this mechanism may be further moderated by individual-level factors. More research is needed as we seek to understand how social media use impacts affective wellbeing in uncertain contexts.

Child, teacher and preschool characteristics and child-teacher relationships in Greek preschools

Three dimensions of child–teacher relationships (derived from the Student-Teacher Relationship Scale) closeness, conflict and dependency have been conceptualized and investigated. In individualistic cultures a close relationship has been associated with children's academic performance and behavioural adjustment, conflictual relationships have been associated with maladjustment and externalising behaviours, and the dependency dimension has been negatively associated with closeness. We expand previous studies by first investigating the factor structure of the STRs amongst 2,130 preschool children and their 267 teachers in a collectivistic culture, Greece. Second, we investigated effects of child (gender, age, country of origin and special educational needs), teacher (teacher gender, age and affective well-being), and preschool characteristics (school-type, number of children, observed quality using the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised (ECERS-R), on STRS.Using exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) adjusting for differences between preschools we replicated the three-factor solution of the STRS. Consistent with previous studies in collectivistic cultures, closeness and dependency were positively (not negatively) associated. Children's gender and teachers’ affective well-being were found to be consistently associated with all three dimensions of the STRS. In conclusion, the STRS can capture the relationship accurately in a Greek early years setting, and the analysis has demonstrated that the three STRS dimensions are associated with different child and teacher characteristics.

Recovery experiences and work engagement: The role of emotions at work

The need for positive organizational behavior research has resulted in the popularization of the concept of work engagement. Many researchers have examined its proximal antecedents, but little scientific attention has been focused on emotions and the non-work domain of employees? lives. Thus, the aim of this research was to study the relationship between recovery experiences, job-related affective well-being, and work engagement. A total of 279 Croatian employees participated in an online study. They filled in Job Affective Well-Being Scale, Recovery Experiences Questionnaire, short Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and a demographic questionnaire. The results demonstrated that recovery strategies and positive workplace emotions explained 63,4% variance of work engagement. Positive emotions mediated the relationship between recovery experiences and work engagement when recovery was measured as relaxation, developing mastery experiences, and high control over leisure time. Negative emotions mediated only relationship between relaxation and work engagement. Altogether, this study expends previous knowledge and confirms the interaction between employees? work and non-work domains of life.

“We're opening 20 doors!“: Exploring the collective dimensions of Shared Reading as mental health promotion among newly retired men in Denmark

Retirement is a significant life transition, bringing with it structural and social alterations in everyday life. For older men, work life is an important source of identity and meaning, and retirement may therefore lead to diminished well-being due to loss of occupational attachments. This calls for a need to address men's life transitions in health-promoting interventions and to explore how to introduce positive changes in retired men's mental health. Studies have investigated mental health effects of Shared Reading (SR) with promising results, but the impact of a collective reading experience on the positive mental health of male retirees has not been investigated. This study explores the mental health-promoting potential of SR among newly retired men in Denmark through an investigation of collective dimensions of the SR experience. The study identified three central collective dimensions of the SR experience: awareness and presence, sense-making, and social connectivity. Through these dimensions, SR provides a space for 1) affective, existential, and social stimulation; 2) shared reflection on both real and imagined past, present, and future lives; and 3) the (re)establishment or maintenance of senses of engagement, meaning, and community. On this basis, it is concluded that SR holds a potential to promote different aspects of positive mental health, i.e., affective well-being, meaning-making, and a sense of community for newly retired men.

Occupational Stress of Nurses and its Related Factors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Background and Objectives: Occupational stress is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aims to investigate the occupational stress level of nurses and its related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a systematic review study that was conducted in 2022 by searching for articles in both Persian and English in Web of Science, SID, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochran, MagIran, IranDoc and PubMed databases without time limit. The used keywords were nurse, Iran, COVID-19, occupational stress, and job stress in Persian and English. Initial search yielded 3860 articles. Of these, 15 articles were finally reviewed. Results: In the reviewed studies, nurses’ occupational stress during the COVID-19 pandemic was at a high level. The highest score was related to the “demands” dimension and the lowest score was related to “the changes” dimension of the health and safety executive questionnaire. Demographic, occupational, and mental factors and quitting job had a significant positive relationship with nurses’ occupational stress, while low rest, job-related affective well-being, organizational commitment, productivity, organizational climate, and knowledge had a significant negative relationship with their occupational stress. Conclusion: The occupational stress of nurses is high during the COVID-19 pandemic. Occupational stress is related to demographic, occupational, psychological, and organizational factors. It is recommended to form committees to monitor nurses’ occupational stress in hospitals.

The actual and ideal indoor soundscape for work, relaxation, physical and sexual activity at home: A case study during the COVID-19 lockdown in London.

The period of home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic made the importance of a high-quality surrounding environment even more evident than before. Several studies have been carried out to assess the (negative) impacts of noise on annoyance, particularly whilst working from home (WFH). The present study takes a step further by (1) investigating the positive and negative impacts of the "actual" acoustic environment on a range of activities, i.e., WFH, relaxation, physical, and sexual activities, and (2) identifying the characteristics of an "ideal" indoor soundscape. The study is based on the qualitative analysis of verbal descriptions collected from open-ended questions included in a survey administered in January 2021 to 464 respondents living in London, during the COVID-19 lockdown. The range of impacts in the actual scenario varied from no effect on task execution, to disruption, distraction, concern of disturbing others or being heard. Positive impacts included support of concentration, relaxation, motivation, freedom of sound expression, feeling of being connected to the surroundings and comforted by the presence of others, according to mechanisms described in the study. Negative appraisal could trigger coping strategies (e.g., controlling windows, playing music, wearing headphones) and behavioural changes (e.g., lowering the volume of the voice or music, muting oneself during call, changing workout type) that could in turn limit or enhance the freedom of behaviour, affect or foster wellbeing. Negative impacts were most frequently reported on WFH (by 55% of the participants), followed by relaxation activities (40.6%), sexual activities (30.1%), and home workout (20.1%). The ideal soundscape was described as a quiet, well-sound insulated environment, which guarantees access to positive sounds (i.e., natural sounds, music, urban background), thus resulting in privacy, intimacy, and a place where to express themselves without noise-related constraints. The study complements literature findings on housing design directions in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, by providing further evidence on the impacts of poor sound insulation at home, the potential benefits of nature-based solutions for positive indoor soundscapes, and opportunities for an activity-based design of domestic environments, inclusive of a broader set of home uses and household compositions.

Mapping the Needs? Analysis of the Emotional and Pedagogical Abilities for New Teachers in their First Year of Teaching

In their first year of teaching, teachers should develop mental and emotional resilience as they develop their teaching skills, strengthen their resilience, and develop their professional identity alongside social-emotional competencies that can increase teachers' resilience and enhance their personal and professional development. Teachers can be resilient to a certain degree, but this can vary depending on the time, situation, or location where they teach, they also may experience times in their careers when they cannot control some changes, but others may be beyond their control especially due to the recent global pandemic that increased the understanding of the need to strengthen emotional resilience. For this, it's necessary to map and analyse the components that build the emotional resilience of the new teachers in their first year at school. This article presents doctoral research results focusing on mapping primary competencies and needs in the first year of teaching so that teachers can cope with daily challenges. The article emphasizes the importance of these skills. This article presents doctoral research results focusing on mapping primary competencies and needs in the first year of teaching so that teachers can cope with daily challenges. New teachers need to develop SEL and resilience skills in service. The article emphasizes the importance of these skills. Based on the results of a focus group conducted on new teachers at the end of their first year of teaching, we examined the primary needs that affect emotional resilience and wellbeing, which are key for integrating new teachers into the classroom.

ASSESSING THE NIH TOOLBOX EMOTION BATTERY AMONG PEOPLE AGING WITH HIV AND WHO USE METHAMPHETAMINES

Abstract Measurement of social relationships is challenging because constructs have dimensions that can be assessed at multiple levels. Consequently, researchers often operationalize social relationships differently, making it difficult to compare results with the same outcome across studies. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) commissioned the Toolbox Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function to create a set of harmonized measures to use across studies. The NIH Toolbox-Emotions Battery (NIHTB-EB) was normed in English and Spanish-speaking populations, which found support for a three-factor structure (negative affect, social satisfaction, and psychological well-being). Here we investigated the factor structure of the NIHTB-EB among a sample of 862 people aged 17 to 82 with and without HIV and methamphetamine use in comparison to the factor structure found in the NIH Toolbox norming project. Initial confirmatory factor analysis did not support the three-factor structure identified previously for the full sample or subsamples. Subsequent exploratory factor analyses showed a good model fit for a four-factor solution for the full sample, with slight variations in factor loading across subgroups. In addition to the three factors described in the norming project, our solution contains an additional factor, “rejection and hostility,” which includes scores from social satisfaction and negative affect in the normative population. The four-factor solution will be utilized for subsequent analyses using the NIHTB-EB in these study samples. Our analyses highlight the importance of assessing measures in distinct sub-populations to understand possible challenges to measurement invariance and ultimately allow the use of NIHTB-EB across groups.

The Causes and Consequences of Low Morale Amongst Public Librarians

A Review of:Kendrick, K. D. (2020). The public librarian low-morale experience: A qualitative study. Partnership: The Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research, 15(2), 1-32. http://doi.org/10.21083/partnership.v15i2.5932 Objective – To understand if, how, and within what parameters, librarians working in public libraries experience low morale. Design – Semi-structured interview, phenomenology Setting – Public libraries in Canada and the United States Subjects – Participants (N = 20) were credentialed librarians who worked or had worked in a public library, and who experienced low morale due to their work. Methods – Invitations were distributed to 10 electronic mailing lists. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants -- they represented librarians with a range of experience, working within a variety of specialties. The researcher received informed consent and the participants completed a short survey in order to collect demographic data before taking part in semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed and coded, after which data were analyzed and thematic clusters identified. Main results – Various types of abuse, either performed by library users (ex. physical and verbal abuse), or by colleagues/managers/administrators (ex. emotional abuse, system abuse, and negligence) were revealed to cause low morale in public librarians. Data show that the participants' responses to the abuse influenced their affective, cognitive, and physiological well-being, as well as professional expectations and trajectories. This study identified three low morale impact factors and seven enabling systems that were unique to public librarians when compared to academic librarians. The unique impact factors are: personal safety, resilience narratives, and social contexts. The enabling systems are: organizational structure, library workplace culture, on-demand relocation, policies, training, equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI), and politics. Conclusion – This study builds on the literature and provides additional evidence on the prevalence of low morale in LIS workplaces. The data show that there are similarities in the causes and consequences of low morale in the workplace amongst public librarians and their academic counterparts. Understaffing, mission creep, and working with underserved and marginalized communities all play a part in the morale of public librarians. Low morale negatively affects public librarians’ mental and physical health, as well as their professional outlook and trajectory. The author makes a case for comprehensive leadership training for public library management, as well as the presence of people with different expertise (such as social workers and first responders) in public libraries. Additionally, the author suggests the need for further research on topics that came up in this study.