Affected Body Part Research Articles

Health problems occurring in national-level female soccer players are different between leagues and throughout the season: a 6-month prospective cohort study

ObjectivesThis study investigated the prevalence and severity of health problems in national-level female soccer players with respect to league and seasonality.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study, 46 female soccer players aged...

Pharmacotherapeutic Management of Pressure Wound in Sushma Koirala Memorial Hospital

Background: Pressure ulcers are the serious kinds of wounds that get developed within the skin tissues. They affect larger surface areas of the body resulting severe pain in the infected body parts of the patients. Pressure wound, thus has been presented as one of the major health problem worldwide. This study was aimed to find out different aspects of pressure ulcer cases and outcomes in Sushma Koirala Memorial Hospital (SKMH). Along with this, the study was targeted to study major affected body part, role of diet in healing wounds, grades of pressure ulcers and medicines used during the management and treatment of such chronic wounds.
 Methods: A descriptive, unicentric, retrospective study was conducted in 2018 at Sushma Koirala Memorial Hospital. A total of 163 patient records from October 2016 to October 2018 were reviewed. The data was entered in SPSS 16 version for analysis.
 Results: Pressure ulcers were common among people from the age group 21-40 years. The males were more vulnerable than female. Most people stayed for 41-60 days while the most affected body part in many patients was the sacral region. Third grade sacral region pressure wound was mostly found in the admitted patients. Wounds and injuries were common cause for development of pressure ulcers. The usage of third generation cephalosporin- ceftriaxone was predominantly found during surgery as well as post-surgery. During surgery, most commonly used medications include fentanyl, paracetamol, midazolam and propofol. After surgery, analgesics like ketorolac, combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol were frequently used. For post-surgical condition, ceftriaxone, ascorbic acid, ranitidine and pantoprazole were mostly used. Patients with pressure ulcers were advised to take high protein diet.
 Conclusion: This study showed sacral region was most affected body part and grade 3 pressure wound were predominant in most of the admitted patients. Ceftriaxone was mostly prescribed antibiotics and combination of paracetamol and ibuprofen was mostly prescribed for analgesic effects.

Mapping the Accidents and Unsafe Conditions of Workers in the Automotive Sector

Purpose: Their production processes involve several risks and repetitive tasks and adoption of penalizing postures, which can cause musculoskeletal disorders and occupational accidents. The objective of this paper is to elucidate the situation of Occupational Health and Safety in the automotive sector in the Agulhas Negras region and in Brazil. Methodology/Approach: For this bibliographic research was carried out to characterize and define the processes and concepts pertinent to the economic activities of the sector; collect and treat the most frequently registered data and elaborate a comparative study for better visualization of the scenarios. Findings: The result was the identification of different behaviours of the curves, which showed the national scenario being linear and constant, while the regional one proved to be unstable, with many variations over the years. Research Limitation/Implication: The research was developed in a region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, and it is recommended to conduct a global survey. Originality/Value of paper: The analysis of the characteristics of occupational accidents, with the most frequent type of injury, the most affected body parts, the groups of causative agents, and the most notified occupations in accidents.

Prevalence and patterns of intimate partner violence among antenatal clinic attendees at federal medical center, Abuja.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been a source of increasing concern to the government of nations as well as their citizens despite measures taken to reduce it. This is supported by recent data published by the World Health Organization and other development partners. In health care facilities, intimate partner violence in pregnancy has not been screened routinely. Community-based findings have been the source of most data informing policies for decisions. These were to determine the prevalence and patterns of IPV among antenatal clinic attendees at the Federal Medical Center (FMC), Abuja. Following ethical clearance, a health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the FMC, Abuja to determine the prevalence and correlates of IPV during pregnancy among attendees of antenatal clinics. It was conducted between 26th June and 17th September 2021. A total of 450 questionnaires were administered among consecutive consenting clients and 407 were returned filled giving a non-response rate of 9.6%. The questionnaire collected data on respondents' sociodemographics; experience of and types of IPV; and health problems arising from IPV. Results were presented in tables and charts and analysis was done using IBM SPSS (International Business Machines' Statistical product and service solutions) version 25 software. The mean age was 29.37 ± standard deviation 4.43 years and the predominant ethnic group was Igbo (46.5%); 96.56% were married; 68.06% had tertiary education and 49.14% were in their third trimesters. The combined incidence of intimate partner violence among the participants was 17.69% with physical violence contributing 3.19%; the head region (40%) being the most affected body part. While 34% experienced intrauterine foetal death in the past following IPV. In Miller's landmark study, 27 of 1300 sexually active young women, one in five reported partner pregnancy non promoting behaviors, such as intimidation, threats to leave the relationship if the woman did not become pregnant or actual violence. The two most significant factors for IPV were age and marital status both at P values of P = 0.0001. Medical doctors should feel more open discussing issues around IPV with their clients during antenatal visits.

#5510 CKD-ASSOCIATED PRURITUS SEVERITY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH BODY DISTRIBUTION AND EQ-5D HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic Kidney Disease associated pruritus (CKD-aP) is common affecting 40% of people with kidney disease receiving dialysis. It is associated with decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as assessed using disease-specific instruments. A better understanding of how the severity of CKD-aP is related to the distribution of affected body parts and generic of HRQoL assessed using the EQ-5D instrument could improve the identification, assessment, and treatment of CKD-aP including advocating for access to new therapies. Method Prevalent in-centre haemodialysis patients from five centres prospectively completed the EQ-5D-5L HRQoL questionnaires, the severity-based worst itch numeric rating scale (WI-NRS) and multi-dimensional 5-D itch pruritus disease specific quality of life instruments. Latent class mixture models were used to identify clusters of patients with similarly affected body parts as assessed through the 5-D itch and map the pruritus measures to the EQ-5D utility value (1 being perfect health and 0 being dead, heavily skewed). Patient demographics, comorbidities, dialysis prescription and anti-pruritus medications were collected. Results Pruritus data on 485 respondents were obtained. No pruritus was reported in 164 (33.8%), with 117 (24.1%) reporting mild, 123 (25.4%) reporting moderate and 81 (16.7%) reporting severe pruritus. Commonly affected body parts included groin (22%), upper arms (21%), forearms (11%), and back (10%). Anti-pruritus medication use across CKD-aP severity (none to severe) was 40.6%, 38.5%, 36.6% and 55.6%, and varied by body part with 38.8%, 21.0% and 14.5% use in those affected in the upper limbs, groin and lower legs respectively. Latent class analysis identified three groups of patients who had progressively worsening severity and number of body parts affected, but the distribution of affected body parts was relatively constant (left-hand figure) and reduction in EQ-5D by affected body part was similar. Although the WI-NRS and 5-D itch instruments correlated with each other, only the 5-D itch had a strong relationship with EQ-5D-3L: Controlling for age, sex, diabetes, and years receiving dialysis, predicted EQ-5D utility dropped linearly from 0.69 to 0.41 (right-hand figure). Conclusion Contemporary UK data shows CKD-aP remains highly prevalent amongst people with kidney failure on dialysis. Severe CKD-aP was commonly reported despite half of the patients with severe CKD-aP receiving antipruritic medication, illustrating a high unmet need and likely undertreated. Although there were similar reductions in HRQoL, medication use varied by body part and those whose groin is affected may be reporting other body parts to access therapies. High use of CKD-aP medications in none or mild severity may represent more severely affected individuals benefiting from these drugs as the cross-sectional nature of the study means those who reported no pruritus may have had pruritus in the past which resolved in response to the medications prescribed and reported in these analyses. Overall, as it worsens CKD-aP appears to affect a similar distribution of body parts. Pruritus instruments that include domains that are broader than just pruritus severity more closely approximate the EQ-5D generic HRQoL measure and therefore more strongly advocate for the value of treating this unpleasant condition. Funded by CSL Vifor.

Musculoskeletal Complaint Epidemiology inAustralian Special Operation Forces Trainees.

Elite military trainees are burdened by high numbers of musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries and are a priority military population for injury prevention. This research aims to describe the MSK complaint epidemiology of trainees undertaking special forces (SF) training in the Australian Defence Force (ADF). One barrier to accurate injury surveillance in military populations is that traditional surveillance methods rely on personnel engaging with the military healthcare system to collect injury data. This approach is likely to underestimate the injury burden as it is known that many military personnel, particularly trainees, avoid reporting their injuries because of various motives. Subsequently, the insights from surveillance systems may underestimate the injury burden and limit the ability to inform prevention requirements. This research aims to actively seek MSK complaint information directly from trainees in a sensitive manner to mediate injury-reporting behaviors. This descriptive epidemiology study included two consecutive cohorts of ADF SF trainees from 2019 to 2021. Musculoskeletal data items and their respective recording methods were based on international sports injury surveillance guidelines and adapted to a military context. Our case definition encompassed all injuries or physical discomforts as recordable cases. A unit-embedded physiotherapist retrospectively collected MSK complaint data from selection courses and collected prospective data over the training continuum. Data collection processes were external to the military health care system to mediate reporting avoidance and encourage injury reporting. Injury proportions, complaint incidence rates, and incidence rate ratios were calculated and compared between training courses and cohorts. In total, 334 MSK complaints were reported by 103 trainees (90.4%), with a complaint incidence rate of 58.9 per 1,000 training weeks (95% CI, 53.0-65.5). Of these MSK complaints, 6.4% (n = 22) resulted in time loss from work. The lumbar spine (20.6%, n = 71) and the knee (18.9%, n = 65) were the most frequently affected body parts. Most of the MSK complaints were reported during selection courses (41.9%), followed by field survival and team tactics (23.0%) and urban operations courses (21.9%). Physical training accounted for 16.5% of complaints. Fast-roping training was associated with more severe MSK complaints. Musculoskeletal complaints are highly prevalent in ADF SF trainees. Complaints are more frequently reported in selection and qualification training courses than in physical training. These activities are priorities for focused research to understand injury circumstances in ADF elite training programs to inform injury prevention strategies. A strength of our study is the data collection methods which have provided greater MSK complaint information than past research; however, much work remains in conducting consistent and accurate surveillance. Another strength is the use of an embedded physiotherapist to overcome injury-reporting avoidance. Embedded health professionals are recommended as continued practice for ongoing surveillance and early intervention.

Automatic body part identification in real-world clinical dermatological images using machine learning.

Dermatological conditions are prevalent across all population sub-groups. The affected body part is of importance to their diagnosis, therapy, and research. The automatic identification of body parts in dermatological clinical pictures could therefore improve clinical care by providing additional information for clinical decision-making algorithms, discovering hard-to-treat areas, and research by identifying new patterns of disease. In this study, we used 6,219 labelled dermatological images from our clinical database, which were used to train and validate a convolutional neural network. As a use case, qualitative heatmaps for the body part distribution in common dermatological conditions was generated using this system. The algorithm reached a mean balanced accuracy of 89% (range 74.8%-96.5%). Non-melanoma skin cancer photos were mostly of the face and torso, while hotspots of eczema and psoriasis image distribution included the torso, legs, and hands. The accuracy of this system is comparable to the best to-date published algorithms for image classification challenges, suggesting this algorithm could boost diagnosis, therapy, and research of dermatological conditions.

Nociceptive flexion reflex in small fibers neuropathy and pain assessments†.

The nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) is a polysynaptic and multisegmental spinal reflex that develops in response to a noxious stimulus and is characterized by the withdrawal of the affected body part. The NFR possesses two excitatory components: early RII and late RIII. Late RIII is derived from high-threshold cutaneous afferent A-delta fibers, which are prone to injury early in the course of diabetes mellitus (DM) and may lead to neuropathic pain. We investigated NFR in patients with DM with different types of polyneuropathies to analyze the role of NFR in small fiber neuropathy (SFN). We included 37 patients with DM and 20 healthy participants of similar age and sex. We performed the Composite Autonomic Neuropathy Scale-31, modified Toronto Neuropathy Scale, and routine nerve conduction studies. We grouped the patients into large fiber neuropathy (LFN), SFN, and no overt neurological symptom/sign groups. In all participants, NFR was recorded on anterior tibial (AT) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles after train stimuli on the sole of the foot, and NFR-RIII findings were compared. We identified 11 patients with LFN, 15 with SFN, and 11 with no overt neurological symptoms or signs. The RIII response on the AT was absent in 22 (60%) patients with DM and 8 (40%) healthy participants. The RIII response on the BF was absent in 31 (73.8%) patients and 7 (35%) healthy participants (P = .001). In DM, the latency of RIII was prolonged, and the magnitude was reduced. Abnormal findings were seen in all subgroups; however, they were more prominent in patients with LFN compared to other groups. The NFR-RIII was abnormal in patients with DM even before the emergence of the neuropathic symptoms. The pattern of involvement before neuropathic symptoms was possibly related to an earlier loss of A-delta fibers.

Assessment of Health Issues and Online Working Ergonomics: A Case Study of the COVID-19 in Pakistan

The current study aims to evaluate and compare human factors and ergonomics during the lockdown of COVID-19 in Pakistan. The current research was done by conducting online surveys, using Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, Jenkin’s Sleep scale, and the COVID-19 Phobia scale. Data analysis was performed statistically by employing Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The sample size considered for the current study was of 421 respondents. The results revealed that various ergonomics and other health issues occurred causing depression, anxiety, insomnia, hypertension, and PTSD. The most affected body parts were the neck (58.42%), shoulders (58.25%), lower back (45.95%), upper back (35.27%), lower legs (19.98%), wrist/hands (19.61%), hips/thighs (18.42%), knees (13.48%), and ankles/feet (8.8%). It has been concluded that an ergonomically designed workstation, adequate illumination, and specific adjustment of the screen of the display screen gadgets with eye level may assist in the prevention of the observed problems. Thereby, this study suggests that exercising and ergonomics can help to control health problems, caused as an effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.

A Case Report of Limb Dystonia Management in a Nigerian Hospital: Physiotherapy Perspective

Background: Dystonia is a common movement disorder characterized by abnormal postures of the affected body part. The disabilities associated with dystonia are socially disabling and disfiguring, ranging from pain, loss of muscle strength and activities of daily living, poor quality of sleep and even depression. This article presents a case report of physiotherapy approach in the management of a patient with limb dystonia with major focus on pain management, balance control and functional independence. Case Presentation and Treatment Outcome: A case report of the management of a 48-year old female patient with limb dystonia. Patient was referred from the neurology unit, department of Internal Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) to the neurology unit of the physiotherapy department, UPTH as a case of lower limb dystonia with an unknown cause. Appropriate physiotherapy intervention was given for a period of 12 weeks after a thorough assessment of the patient. The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) was used to assess the level of pain in the affect limbs. The Berge Balance Scale (BBS) was used to assess the patient’s balance while Barthel Index (BI) was used to assess the functional independence of the patient. The case report was presented in line with CAse REport (CARE) guideline for case reports. All ethical procedures were followed. Treatment Outcome revealed that the score on Berg Balance Scale increased from 25 to 45 while that of Barthel Index scale increased from 13 to 18 after 12 weeks of intervention. Pain level on Range of Motion (ROM) based on the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) reduced from 4/10 to 0/10 on the upper limb and from 9/10 to 1/10 on the lower limbs. Conclusion: Physiotherapy is effective in the management limb dystonia. Early referral to Physiotherapy is key to pain management, balance control and overall functional independence of the patients.

Epidemiology and Pattern of Orthopedic Trauma in Children and Adolescents: Implications for Injury Prevention.

Orthopedic injuries are prevalent in children and can result in hospitalization and damage. The number of accidental injuries among children increases every year, leading to a huge burden on communities and health institutions. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological pattern of orthopedic trauma among children and adolescents in Abha, Saudi Arabia. A retrospective record-based study was carried out to investigate the epidemiological pattern of orthopedic trauma among children and adolescents treated at Abha Maternity and Children Hospital in Saudi Arabia, a traumatic center for pediatric patients. The study covered all children and adolescents treated at the hospital for orthopedic trauma. The parents of the children and adolescents were called to get their consent to participate in the study. The following data were extracted from the medical files: personal information, medical history, trauma-related details, management, hospitalization, and complications. A total of 295 children and adolescents were included. The mean ± standard deviation age was 6.8 ± 3.1 years old (range 1 month to 13 years). Of the patients, 186 (63.1%) were male. The most reported causes of traumas were fall from height (48.1%) and injury while playing (19.7%). The most affected body parts included the forearm (22.4%), head (21.7%), thigh (20%), and leg (10.8%). The vast majority of the children and adolescents (87.1%) had no complications. The current study revealed that pediatric orthopedic injuries are not rare, and there is a higher likelihood of injuries among young male children. Fall from height and play-associated injuries are the most frequent causes.

Extremity dosimetry for exposed workers in positron emission tomography in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Occupational exposure in Bosnia and Herzegovina is regulated by the national regulation on radiation protection for occupational and public exposure. All radiation workers are required to be monitored using whole body passive thermoluminescent dosemeters and, in case of non-uniform external exposures, by dosemeters that would indicate dose to the most affected body parts. Exposed workers are almost exclusively employed in the medical field, and some of them work in nuclear medicine departments where they handle unsealed radioactive sources. Introduction of the positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in two largest clinical centers in the country was expected to cause the increase of equivalent doses to hands received by staff handling the positron emitting radionuclides. Hence, routine monitoring of finger doses became a necessity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the available data on monitoring with ring dosemeters during PET-CT procedure in two hospitals in Bosnia and Herzegovina and compare them with other practices in the nuclear medicine department, as well as with the results of monitoring in other countries. In general, results confirm that effective doses, as well as equivalent doses to hands, are well below annual dose limits. Finger dosemeters have been proven to be an invaluable asset in the incidental situations that sometimes occur in nuclear medicine departments. Different number of patients and differences in injection methodologies are identified as a possible source of differences between doses in two hospitals. Overall, routine evaluation of doses to hands provides a sound basis for possible optimization processes, as well as confirmation of good practices.

The Management of Patients with Acute Septic Arthritis: An Epidemiological Study

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the causative agents, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of acute septic arthritis cases.
 Material and Methods: In this retrospective, single-center study, patients over 18 years of age diagnosed with acute septic arthritis were searched from the hospital database between January 2015 and April 2021. Demographic characteristics, diagnostic procedures, therapeutic management, and outcomes were recorded. 
 Results: A total of 59 patients and 60 septic joints were included in the study. The causative microorganisms were isolated in 52.54% of the cases. Staphylococcus aureus grew in 70.96% of the cases and among these, 31.82% were methicillin-resistant. The most frequently affected body part was the knee (73.33%). The cases were found to have fever at a rate of 42.37%. Diabetes was the most common comorbidity (30.51%), and immunosuppression was found in 39% of the cases. Arthrotomy was the most commonly used surgical method for the management of septic arthritis (43.55%). The mortality rate was 6.78%. The cases were categorized as groups with and without microorganisms isolated in culture. When these two groups were compared, no statistically significant difference was found except for the duration of hospitalization (p=0.001).
 Conclusion: Septic arthritis should be considered in the differential diagnoses of a warm and swollen single joint, especially in the presence of risk factors, until it is excluded. Knowledge of regional epidemiological data is essential in planning treatment approaches.

Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among professional rickshaw drivers in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Professional rickshaw driving is a seemingly sedentary occupation and involves many risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD). To assess the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and its associated risk factors among professional rickshaw drivers. 263 rickshaw drivers were voluntarily recruited from Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. MSD symptoms in the past 12 months and last 7 days were assessed using a self-modified musculoskeletal questionnaire (Nordic Questionnaire). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were performed to analyze associations of MSD symptoms between study variables. 155 (58.9%) study participants reported MSD symptoms in past 12 months, in lower back (n = 126, 81.3%), leg (n = 122, 78.7%), neck (n = 106, 68.4%) and knee (n = 105, 67.7%); and 121 (46.1%) in last 7 days, in leg (n = 107, 88.4%), lower back (n = 102, 84.3%), neck (n = 89, 73.6%), upper back and knees (n = 87, 71.9%). Binary logistic regression showed relationship between working hours, seat and road condition, average load per ride, rickshaw ride duration, and standing driving with MSD symptoms among rickshaw drivers, especially in the lower back, leg/calf muscles, neck and knees. The results showed a high prevalence of MSD among all rickshaw drivers, with the neck, lower back, leg/calf muscles and knees being the most affected body parts. In order to avoid adverse effects on the occupational health of rickshaw drivers, ergonomic intervention training is necessary.

Clinical predictors of early surgical intervention in patients with venomous snakebites

BackgroundVenomous snakebites induce tissue destruction and secondary infection; however, the optimal timing of surgical intervention for these complications remains unknown. This study assessed the clinical predictors of early surgical intervention in patients with snakebites.MethodsThis retrospective study included 63 patients (45 men and 18 women) with venomous snakebites. In addition to the snake species, the demographics, affected body parts, clinical characteristics, and ultrasound findings of the patients in the surgical (32 patients) and nonsurgical (31 patients) groups were analyzed and compared.ResultsA higher incidence of acute compartment syndrome, local ecchymosis, skin necrosis, bullae, blisters, and fever was found in the surgical group than in the nonsurgical group, and ultrasound findings of the absence of Doppler flow were more frequently noted in the surgical group than in the nonsurgical group. After adjustment using a multivariate logistic regression model, only advanced age, Naja atra bite, local ecchymosis, and bulla or blister formation remained significant factors for surgical intervention. Furthermore, comparison of the outcomes of patients who received early (≤ 24 h) and late (> 24 h) surgical intervention revealed that the duration of continuous negative pressure wound therapy (6 vs. 15 days; P = 0.006), duration of hospital stay (13 vs. 26 days; P = 0.002), and duration of outpatient follow-up (15 vs. 36 days; P < 0.001) were significantly lower in patients who received early surgical intervention. The final reconstructive surgery was simple among the patients who received surgical intervention within 24 h of being bitten (P = 0.028).ConclusionIn patients with snakebites, advanced age, high-risk clinical manifestations (e.g., local ecchymosis and bulla or blister formation), and Naja atra envenomation are predictors of surgical intervention within 24 h.

Cross-sectional study of characteristics and prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in 1170 male golfers

ObjectivesThe primary aim was to describe the characteristics and prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints of a large group of non-professional golfers. Secondary aims were to compare golfers different in (A) skill-level,...

Frequency and Cost of Claims by Injury Type From the Korea Workers' Compensation Insurance Between 2016 and 2019.

This study aimed to examine the frequency of worker injuries by affected body part(s) and the associated costs. Methods : We performed a secondary analysis of national workers' compensation claims data from the Korean workers' compensation insurance. The main outcome measures were frequency and cost of claims by injury type. Results : Multiple injuries were ranked as the highest injury type in the number of annual claims and percentage of the total cost/total medical cost. Hand/wrist/finger was the most common single-injury type. The frequency of injury type and the cost amount payable as a percentage of the total cost were the highest for multiple injuries, hand/wrist/finger injuries, and knee/lower leg injuries. Conclusions : Regarding frequency and costs, hand/wrist/finger injuries were highest in cost, by single-injury type. Therefore, these injuries should be recognized as intervention targets.

Machine learning-based construction site dynamic risk models

In the last decade, injury statistics have not exhibited appreciable improvement within the construction industry, with current management strategies deployed reactively in response to typically safety lagging indicators (e.g., injury rates, lost workdays, and post-incident inspections). This situation suggests that proactive safety management approaches that rely on leading indicators for key decision-making need to be developed. To propel the third wave of construction safety management research, the current study aims at developing site risk models that generate predictions for safety risk leading indicators across different work zones and over the entire project lifecycles. Such leading indicators can be used to proactively anticipate worksite risks such that preventative measures are implemented in advance and/or adjusted in real-time as projects progress to dynamically monitor and enhance safety performance. The developed risk models are driven by ensemble machine learning algorithms trained using previous injury precursors and outcomes. The ensemble algorithms consider five base algorithms subsequently tuned and validated: naïve Bayes, decision trees, random forests, support vector machines, and artificial neural networks. A demonstration application is also presented herein, where the ensemble algorithms are employed to develop a risk model that forecasts leading indicators of site-specific risk levels, including financial implications of potential injuries and the most likely affected body parts. The results demonstrate that, unlike currently available approaches, machine learning-based site risk models may be able to proactively and dynamically assess and subsequently boost the safety performance of construction projects. Such site risk models are expected to provide project managers with key information to proactively prevent worksite accidents, prioritize their resources, enhance project safety culture, and minimize injury-related costs.

Injury patterns of non-fatal accidents related to ice hockey, an analysis of 7 years of admission to a Level-1 Emergency Centre in Switzerland.

This study was carried out to identify the frequency and types of injuries in adult ice hockey, in order to better understand injury patterns and identify potential areas for injury prevention. We conducted a retrospective database review of acute injuries reported in ice hockey in patients presenting to a Level-1 adult Emergency Centre in Switzerland. Patients between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2019 and over 16 years of age were identified in our computerised patient database. Each consultation was reviewed to derive information on demographics, playing level and the features of the injury, including location, type, mechanism and consequences. Different age groups were compared, as were amateur and professional players. A statistical analysis was performed. A total of 230 patients were identified. The most common diagnoses were fracture (28.3%), contusion/abrasion (23.9%), laceration (12.6%) and concussion (10.4%). The most commonly affected body parts were the face (31.3%), the shoulder/clavicle (13.0%) and the head (12.2%). Most lesions were caused by player-player contact (37.4%), contact with the puck (24.3%) and falls (10.9%). In comparison to the younger cohorts, patients >36 years of age more frequently suffered injuries caused by falls, (p < 0.001) and were less frequently injured by player-player contact (p = 0.01813). In amateur players, significantly more injuries were caused by stick contact (OR 0, 95% CI (0.00-0.83), p = 0.02) and surgery was more rarely performed (OR 2.35, 95% CI 0.98-5.46, p = 0.04). Injuries continue to play a major role in ice hockey, especially in the face and due to player-player contact. Future investigations should focus on player-player contact and possible effective preventive measures. Players must be encouraged to employ face protection and to wear a mouth guard at all times.

FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THE SHOULDER IN JIU-JITSU BLACK BELT ATHLETES.

To assess the epidemiological profile of Jiu-Jitsu black belt athletes, including the prevalence of pain and shoulder function. Cross-sectional study carried out with Jiu-Jitsu athletes from 2014 to 2016. The studied variables were: sex, age, dominant limb, weight, height, profession, time of Jiu-Jitsu practice, weekly training hours, other practiced sports, comorbidities, injuries and previous surgeries, medications and habits. For the functional assessment of the shoulder, the ASES Score was used. 53 male athletes were evaluated. There was a prevalence of alcohol consumption (60.4%) and supplement use (32.1%). The practice of other sports included weight training (49.1%) and other martial arts (17%). There was a prevalence of knee (66.0%) and shoulder (52.8%) injuries and, in some cases, the need for surgical procedures. There was a prevalence of shoulder pain (73.6%) and more than half of the athletes (52.9%) had minimal or moderate limitation of shoulder function. Jiu-jitsu black belt athletes often have a history of injuries, with the shoulder being the second most affected body part. In more than half of the athletes, there was a prevalence of shoulder pain and functional limitation, according to the ASES Score. Level of evidence III, Retrospective comparative study.