Affected Body Areas Research Articles

Retrospective Study of the Epidemiological-Clinical Characteristics of Burns Treated in a Hospital Emergency Service (2018-2022).

Burns are a common and severe medical emergency requiring immediate specialized care to minimize damage and prevent complications. Burn severity depends on depth, extent, and location, with more complex care needed for burns on critical areas or extensive burns. Nursing is essential in burn management, providing immediate care, adapting treatments, managing pain, preventing infections, and offering emotional support for recovery. The study aims to analyse the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of burns treated at the Hospital Emergency Department of the Hospital Complex of Cáceres (Spain) from January 2018 to December 2022. It looks at factors like gender, age, hospital stay duration, emergency type (paediatric or adult), main diagnosis, skin thickness, burn degree, affected body areas, percentage of body surface area burned, and treatment types. It also investigates how treatment varies by gender, age, skin thickness, and burn severity. The relevance of this research lies in the fact that periodic epidemiological studies are essential to monitor changes in diseases, evaluate the effectiveness of interventions, detect outbreaks quickly, update knowledge on risk factors, and guide health policy decisions. This ensures an adapted and effective response to the needs of the population. Retrospective, observational study that analysed burn cases treated at the Hospital Complex of Cáceres (Spain) 2018-2022. Inclusion criteria were based on ICD-10 codes for burns, excluding severe cases not treated in this service. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Student's t-tests, Chi-square tests, and ANOVA. 220 patients surveyed, with a mean age of 47 years and 60.9% male. Most burns (95.5%) affected the external body surface, with a mean hospital stay of 7.86 days. Medical treatment was provided to 75.5% of patients, and 24.5% required surgical intervention. Significant differences in treatment procedures were observed according to age, skin thickness, and burn degree. Older patients had more procedures and longer hospital stays. Excision and transfer procedures were more common in full-thickness and severe burns. The findings align with previous research on burn demographics and treatment approaches. Treatment differences by age and burn severity highlight the need for tailored interventions. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive burn management, including psychological support for improved long-term outcomes. Further research could explore the impact of socio-economic factors on burn incidence and treatment. This study was not registered.

Application of a natural language processing artificial intelligence tool in psoriasis: A cross-sectional comparative study on identifying affected areas in patients’ data

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin disease affecting approximately 3% of the global population. Proper management of this condition necessitates the assessment of the body surface area and the involvement of nails and joints. The integration of natural language processing with electronic medical records (EMRs) has recently shown promise in advancing disease classification and research. This study evaluates the performance of ChatGPT-4, a commercial artificial intelligence platform, in analyzing unstructured EMR data of psoriasis patients, particularly in identifying affected body areas. The study analyzed EMR data from 94 patients treated at the Dermatology Department and Psoriasis Outpatient Clinic of Sheba Medical Center between 2008 and 2022. The data were processed using the ChatGPT-4 interface to identify and report the body areas affected by psoriasis. These identified areas were then categorized, and the accuracy of ChatGPT-4’s analysis was compared with that of a senior dermatologist. The results revealed that the dermatologist identified 477 psoriasis-affected body areas. ChatGPT-4 accurately recognized 443 (92.8%) of these areas, missed 34, and incorrectly identified 30 areas as affected. From 94 cases, nail involvement was detected in 32 cases (34.0%), with ChatGPT-4 correctly identifying 29 cases. Joint involvement was noted in 25 cases (26.6%), with 24 correctly identified using ChatGPT-4. Complete accuracy was achieved in 54 cases (57.4%), although inaccuracies were observed in 40 cases (42.6%). We found that cases with more characters, words, or identified body areas were more prone to errors, suggesting that increased data complexity heightens the likelihood of inaccuracies in artificial intelligence analysis. ChatGPT-4 demonstrated high performance in analyzing detailed and complex unstructured EMR data from patients with psoriasis, effectively identifying involved body areas, including nails and joints. This highlights the potential of NLP algorithms to enhance the analysis of unstructured EMR data for both clinical follow-up and research purposes.

THE OCCURRENCE OF CONTRACTURE AND THE SEVERITY OF BURN INJURIES AMONG BURN PATIENTS TREATED AT DR. SOETOMO GENERAL ACADEMIC HOSPITAL, SURABAYA, INDONESIA (2020-20220)

Highlights: A robust association was observed between total body surface area (TBSA) and burn injuries, except in the case of elderly individuals. The duration of hospitalization is significantly associated with the occurrence of contracture. Abstract: Introduction: Burn injuries are a worldwide issue and can happen for many reasons, often causing skin damage that leads to deformities and movement difficulties. Many burn patients, up to 50%, experience contractures, which limit movement in areas such as the shoulders, wrists, and torso. Proper management through medicine, surgery, and therapy is crucial for helping these patients. Research at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital is focused on studying the frequency of contractures after burn injuries to improve treatment and prevention methods. Methods: The research used descriptive analytics and gathered data from the Burn Unit at Gedung Bedah Pusat Terpadu (GBPT) and the Plastic Surgery Polyclinic at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital in Surabaya. The study examined 40 eligible patients and assessed variables including burn severity, affected body area, and hospitalization duration. Results: The results showed that the average age of patients was 26.30 years, with 70% of them being male. Only 5% of patients had other health problems, mainly related to hormones. Most burns were caused by fire (37.5%), and many were second-degree burns (42.5%). The percentage of the body affected by burns varied by age: children had around 9.86%, adolescents had around 15.96%, and adults had around 5.25%. Most injuries were on the left arm (67.5%), and many patients stayed in the hospital for a long time (67.5%). Conclusion: All patients developed contractures following burns, irrespective of burn severity. There was a correlation between burn size and severity, except among older patients. Additionally, a notable association was observed between contracture occurrence and prolonged hospitalization.

Self-mutilation: a systematic review.

Self-mutilation lesions can represent a clinical diagnosis challenge for healthcare professionals, as patients do not admit to self-mutilation. This leads to failed diagnoses due to the similarity of this condition to other diseases. Searches on the subject were carried out at the PubMed, Periódicos Capes, Scopus, Science Direct and WoS databases, according to the following inclusion criteria: articles in English, Portuguese or Spanish, published from 2018 to June 2023, encompassing case reports, case series and literature reviews. Men are slight more affected by self-mutilation injuries, also presenting the most serious lesions. Self-mutilation injuries are reported globally, mostly in the Asian and American continents. Clinical presentations are varied, but morphology is, in most cases, associated to the form/instrument used for self-mutilation. Greater evidence of diagnosed mental disorders in women and underreporting of these cases in men due to low demands for specialized treatment are noted. A higher prevalence of self-mutilation lesions was verified for men, affecting a wide age range, with the highest number of cases in the USA. The most affected body areas are arms and external genitalia, mostly due to knife use. An association between self-mutilation injuries and mental disorders is clear, with most cases being previously undiagnosed.

EDUKASI LATIHAN UNTUK NYERI PUNGGUNG BAWAH PADA LANSIA DI RW 17 POSLANSIA MOJOSONGO SOLO

Reduced functional ability followed by decreased physical activity has a relationship with age and gender. men and women are at the same risk, ranging from reduced muscle strength to endurance. One disorder that is a common health problem in the world and affects almost the entire elderly population is low back pain. Low back pain is pain felt in the lower back area, not a disease or diagnosis for a disease but is a term for pain felt in the affected body area with various variations in the duration of pain. The purpose of this counseling activity is to provide knowledge about low back pain and exercise education to reduce pain intensity. The activity method used is counseling using leaflets with low back pain material and exercise education. The main targets were members and cadres of the elderly posyandu in RW 17 Mojosongo Solo. The result of this counseling is an increase in public understanding and knowledge about low back pain and exercises to reduce this pain. This proves that the counseling method using leaflets is quite effective. It can be seen from the results of the pre-test and post-test participants who showed an average increase of 45%.

Effects of topical insulin on second-degree burn wound healing: brief report.

Burns are classified according to their mechanism of injury, depth, affected body area, affected region or part of the body, and extent of the lesions. Topical insulin modulates the healing process. However, studies evaluating the effects of topical insulin treatment on burns in human patients are lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of topical insulin on healing time of second-degree burns. In this nonrandomized clinical trial, patients with second-degree burns were allocated to a control group (CG) or an intervention group (IG) in which wounds were treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine and topical insulin, respectively. Healing time was significantly shorter in the IG relative to the CG (9.1 ± 1.9 days and 12.7 ± 3.3 days, respectively; P < .05). The estimated burn area was similar in both groups (CG 1.44 ± 1.0%; IG 1.42 ± 0.53%). In this study, topical insulin reduced healing time in second-degree burns. Further investigation is warranted to support wider use in clinical practice.

An ergonomic focus evaluation of work-related musculoskeletal disorders amongst operators in the UAE network control centres

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) have rapidly increased during the last decade, but only a few descriptive surveys have been conducted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study investigated the prevalence of WMSDs and analysed their ergonomic risks amongst operators in the network control rooms across two government organisations, X and Y, in the UAE. Essential data were collected by the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and the Maastricht Upper Extremity Questionnaire (MUEQ) from online surveys and direct observations based on the Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) and the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) form and ergonomic measurements for the working environments, respectively. Fifty-three and eighteen operators participated from Organisations X and Y. This study found a high presence of WMSDs in both organisations over the past 12 months. In Organisation X, individual, work-related physical and psychosocial risk factors of high BMI, educational level, morning work shift, high job duration, lack of exercise habit, awkward body posture, high job demand, low job control, and low work social support were associated with WMSDs in different body areas (p < 0.05). In Organisation Y, older age, high BMI, high job duration, lack of exercise habits, unergonomic workstations, awkward body posture, low break time, high job demand, and stress level were associated with WMSDs in different body areas (p < 0.05). The control room operators' most affected body areas were the back, eyes, and neck. Several efficient ergonomic intervention ideas were explored to lessen the detrimental effects of WMSDs and preclude the development of WMSDs amongst the control centre operators.

Importance of Integrated Simulation Approaches in Medical Education when Teaching Therapy Disciplines to Students of Medical Faculty

The article is devoted to reviewing the main methods of practice-oriented teaching of medical students at the Department of Internal Medicine No. 1, Clinical Immunology and Allergology named after Academician Y. M. Neyko of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University (Ukraine). The significance of not only theoretical but also practical training of medical students in the conditions of blended learning is highlighted. The impact of new teaching methods on the level of future doctors' professionalism has been analyzed. Another important aspect of training is the introduction of simulation training, which allowed for obtaining a high level of knowledge without harming the patient. The article focuses on the role of the “virtual patient” in supervision, as this method, regardless of the form of study, allowed the student to be acquainted with a standardized patient, improve communication skills and choose the right method of diagnosis or treatment by the European guidelines. The article describes prospective systems for simulating clinical cases, which allow the creation of interactive training cases of various complexity levels depending on the goals set or the level of a specialist's training. The article presents the main online platforms for creating the most realistic cases with photographs of the affected body area and protocols of instrumental examinations, which allow you to reproduce the order of the doctor's actions and modify the intensity of the patient's condition if the prescription was incorrect. Moreover, the article highlights the positive impact of interactive teaching methods on student motivation and encouragement to deepen knowledge in a particular discipline, as an essential aspect is the discussion of examination results and prescription of therapy based on modern guidelines. It additionally outlines actions to be taken for ensuring efficient handling of new “virtual patient” cases and for inputting data on previously created clinical cases into the system. The article describes the main advantages of simulation-based teaching methods in comparison with traditional forms of teacher-student interaction. It is noted that training with the help of ”virtual patients” allows us to evaluate the acquired practical skills and competencies of future doctors.

Subcutaneous dirofilariasis: case series

Dirofilariasis is a parasitic infection caused by Dirofilaria worms, transmitted through mosquito bites, primarily affecting dogs but also affecting humans incidentally. This introduction provides an overview of the various forms of dirofilariasis, with focus on subcutaneous and pulmonary types, and highlights its geographical distribution. Subsequent case reports describe 3 instances of dirofilariasis in different anatomical locations, emphasizing diagnostic findings and successful surgical treatment. Discussion delves into nature of human subcutaneous dirofilariasis (HSD), emphasizing D. repens and D. immitis as common causative species. It explains lifecycle of these parasites, their transmission through mosquito vectors, and various clinical manifestations based on species and affected body areas. Diagnostic approaches are elucidated with particular focus on importance of HPE in identifying specific species. This case series highlights importance of increased awareness, diagnostic tests, and vector control is emphasized to enable early detection and treatment, thus avoiding further complications and mortality associated with the dirofilariasis.

Assessing anatomical distribution of atopic dermatitis identifies a cluster of patients with late onset and low risk of asthma and allergy: An observational study.

A better understanding of distinct subgroups in atopic dermatitis (AD) is warranted. The aim was to identify and determine characteristics of clusters based on anatomical location of AD. In this 8-week, observational, decentralized study, patients with AD completed a baseline questionnaire about anatomical location and severity of AD, and a principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to identify clusters. The Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) was completed weekly and photographs of affected body areas were captured by the participants' own smartphones. From the weekly photographs, the AD severity was evaluated using the intensity part of the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis. Fifty-five participants were recruited, of which 53 completed the baseline questionnaire with a mean POEM of 14.5 (SD: 5.6). The PCA analysis revealed three clusters, with AD predominantly on the shins, knees, and genitals (Cluster 1), with involvement of the upper body (Cluster 2), and with AD on the hands and feet (Cluster 3). Cluster 1 had a lower mean POEM score (11.12, SD: 5.3) compared with Clusters 2 (12.64, SD: 4.5) and 3 (15.98, SD: 4.7), respectively (p = 0.007). Further, Cluster 1 had the highest age of AD onset (mean 9.5 vs. 2.5 and 4.7 years, p = 0.02) and the lowest proportion of asthma/allergy (47% vs. 82% and 90%, p = 0.01). Three clusters of patients with AD based on affected body areas were identified. The cluster with involvement of legs and genitals was characterized by the oldest age of AD onset and the lowest prevalence of asthma/allergy.

Using Thermal Imaging to Track Cellulitis.

Cellulitis is a common soft tissue infection and a major cause of morbidity. The diagnosis is based almost exclusively on clinical history and physical exam. To improve the diagnosis of cellulitis, we used a thermal camera to track how skin temperature of the affected area changed during a hospital stay for patients with cellulitis. We recruited 120 patients admitted with a diagnosis of cellulitis. Daily thermal images of the affected limb were taken. Temperature intensity and area were analyzed from the images. Highest daily body temperature and antibiotics administered were also collected.We estimated a longitudinal linear mixed-effects model with a random intercept for the affected body area. All observations on a given day were included, and we used an integer time indicator indexed to the initial day (ie, t = 1 for the first day the patient was observed, etc.). We then analyzed the effect of this time trend on both severity (ie, normalized temperature) and scale (ie, area of skin with elevated temperature). We analyzed thermal images from the 41 patients with a confirmed case of cellulitis who had at least 3 days of photos. For each day that the patient was observed, the severity decreased by 1.63 (95% CI, -13.45 to 10.32) units on average, and the scale decreased by 0.63 (95% CI, -1.08 to -0.17) points on average. Also, patients' body temperatures decreased by 0.28°F each day (95% CI, -0.40 to -0.17). Thermal imaging could be used to help diagnose cellulitis and track clinical progress.

Epidemiology of Injuries in Elite Male Futsal Players.

This study aimed to describe and characterize injuries sustained by elite male futsal players in Portugal. Prospective cohort study. Top-tier Portuguese league in the 2019 to 2020 season. One hundred sixty-seven players from 9 elite/international-level (tier 4) futsal teams. The location, type, body side, body part, mechanism of injury, severity, occurrence, days lost, training, and match exposure were collected. Injury incidence, prevalence, and burden. The study was conducted during an 8-month season. A total of 133 injuries were recorded, and 92 (67.6%) players sustained injuries. The overall time-loss injury incidence was 4.5 injuries per 1000 hours of exposure. Injury incidence during matches was higher than during training sessions (25.9 vs 3.0 per 1000 hours of exposure, respectively). Average time loss was 9 days, and moderate injuries were the most frequent (44%), followed by mild injuries (24%). Injury burden was 73.8 days lost per 1000 hours of total player exposure. Sprains/ligament (29%) and muscle rupture/tear/strains (32%) were the most common injuries. The groin (19%), thigh (17%), knee (19%), and ankle (15%) were the most affected body areas. Noncontact injuries were the most reported mechanism (65%), and 24% were overuse injuries. This study showed that elite/international-level (tier 4) male futsal players are more prone to noncontact injuries, primarily affecting the lower limbs. The incidence during match play increased by 9-fold compared with training sessions.

Factors Predicting Quality of Life Impairment in Adult Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: Results from a Patient Survey and Machine Learning Analysis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder that impairs patients' quality of life (QoL). Physician assessment of AD disease severity is determined by clinical scales and assessment of affected body surface area (BSA), which might not mirror patients' perceived disease burden. Using data from an international cross-sectional web-based survey of patients with AD and a machine learning approach, we sought to identify disease attributes with the highest impact on QoL for patients with AD. Adults with dermatologist-confirmed AD participated in the survey between July-September 2019. Eight machine learning models were applied to the data with dichotomised Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) as the response variable to identify factors most predictive of AD-related QoL burden. Variables tested were demographics, affected BSA and affected body areas, flare characteristics, activity impairment, hospitalisation and AD therapies. Three machine learning models, logistic regression model, random forest and neural network, were selected on the basis of predictive performance. Each variable's contribution was computed via importance values from 0 to 100. For relevant predictive factors, further descriptive analyses were conducted to characterise those findings. In total, 2314 patients completed the survey with mean age 39.2years (standard deviation 12.6) and average disease duration of 19years. Measured by affected BSA, 13.3% of patients had moderate-to-severe disease. However, 44% of patients reported a DLQI > 10, indicative of a very large to extremely large impact on QoL. Activity impairment was the most important factor predicting high QoL burden (DLQI > 10) across models. Hospitalisation during the past year and flare type were also highly ranked. Current BSA involvement was not a strong predictor of AD-related QoL impairment. Activity impairment was the single most important factor for AD-related QoL impairment while current extent of AD did not predict higher disease burden. These results support the importance of considering patients' perspectives when determining the severity of AD.

An evaluation on the effects of safe person handling program implementation at long term care facilities for persons with complex intellectual, developmental, and medical conditions.

This retrospective chart review sought to determine whether the introduction of a safe person handling and mobility (SPHM) program resulted in changes to the frequency, severity, cost, or profile of staff injuries incurred during person handling (PH) tasks at long-term care settings for persons with complex conditions. This study analyzed the SPHM program implementation at an organization providing long-term residential, day habilitation, and special education services for persons with complex conditions. Data covered two4-year periods before and after implementation. Analyses compared the frequency, severity, and cost of staff PH injuries, as well as of the affected body area, staff role, level of treatment, and the incurred costs of Workers' Compensation (WC) claims. There were substantive decreases in the total number of staff PH injuries and WC claims. Staff PH injuries affecting the trunk, the area most associated with PH injuries, decreased the most, followed by the upper extremities. Reductions were concentrated among direct care employees and their supervisors, job titles where PH exposures are most commonly seen. The proportion of staff injuries requiring medical treatment decreased significantly, as did injury severity. The number of lost workdays decreased by 94.6%. Incurred WC costs decreased by 91.1%. The proportion of WC claims associated with lost time decreased significantly. Substantive reductions in the frequency, severity, and incurred WC cost of staff PH injuries followed implementation of the SPHM program. Likewise, proportional changes were identified among the programs where cases occurred, the need for medical treatment, and WC cost type.

Quality of life in children and adolescents with vitiligo

Abstract The assessment of the quality of life (QoL) in vitiligo patients is essential to quantify the psychological burden of the disease. The effect of vitiligo on the QoL has been reported extensively in adults; however, there is a lack of information in Mexican children. To assess the QoL in children and adolescents with vitiligo and their association with affected body surface area (BSA) and age. A cross-sectional study was conducted in vitiligo patients aged between 5 and 17 years. The study was approved by our institutional review board and informed consent was obtained from all participants and their parents. Participants with psychiatric and neurological disease were excluded. Vitiligo was clinically diagnosed by an experienced dermatologist, and the following variables were registered: sex, age, origin, education, treatment, time and response to treatment, age of onset, clinical type, affected body areas and skin phototype. All participants were requested to complete the CDLQI questionnaire, those aged from 5 to 10 years filled the cartoon format and those from 11 to 17 years filled the text version. The measure of the disease extent was done using the Vitiligo Extent Score (VES). A total of 223 participants were recruited, 102 males (46·2%) and 120 females (53·8%) with a mean age of 9·86 (SD 3·02) years. The mean age of onset of vitiligo was before the first decade of life, of 7·12 (SD 3·66) years. The most frequent type of vitiligo was nonsegmental 53·8% (n = 120), followed by segmental 46·2% (n = 103). The most affected area was head 63·7% (n = 142), followed by trunk 56·1% (n = 125). The median of body surface affected area was 0·7797 with a minimum of 0·0060 and a maximum of 22·285, of these 84·3% (n = 188) had lesions that covered &amp;lt;1% of the BSA and 15·7% (n = 35) &amp;gt;1% BSA. Phototype III was the most frequent in half of the population, followed by phototype IV. The mean duration of the treatment was 11·32 (SD 18) months; 62·3% (n = 139) of them showed good response to treatment. The mean value of the CDLQI questionnaire was 4·95 (SD 4·57) points, with a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 30 points. The participants were classified according to CDLQI results in the following groups: 22·9% (n = 51) showed no effect of vitiligo in their QoL, 50·7% (n = 113) had a small effect, 19·3% (n = 43) a moderate effect, 4·9% (n = 11) a very large effect and only 2·2% (n = 5) an extremely large effect. A total CDLQI score between 0 and 9 was obtained from 85·2% (n = 190) of the participants and 14·8% (n = 33) had a score &amp;gt;10 points. Differences between subgroups were found; children older than 10 years had a lower CDLQI score (mean of 4·13 points), and children under this age had a higher CDLQI score (mean of 5·54 points), and this difference was significant, P = 0·026. Regarding the affected BSA, patients with CDLQI in ranges between 0 and 9 points had a median VES index of 0·1905, while children with CDLQI &amp;gt;10 points had a median VES index of 0·4781, P = 0·024. No significant differences were found when we analysed the rest of the variables in relation to quality-of-life results. The effect of vitiligo on the QoL in Mexican children and adolescents with vitiligo was similar to that of previous studies. We found a higher prevalence of patients with moderate effect on the QoL. The lower the age and the BSA affected, the greater the impact on the QoL.

Retrospective analysis of burn patients presenting to the emergency department

Aim: Patients who applied to our emergency department due to burning trauma; it was aimed to analyze demographic characteristics such as age, gender, burn causes, burn rates, and degrees. Materials and Methods: Retrospectively analyzed data of patients who applied for burns within 3 years and were scanned from patient files and computer records. The age, gender, time and date of admission to the emergency department, causes of burns, anatomical burn localizations, total burned body surface areas, hospitalization, and discharge status of the cases were analyzed. Results: 56.1% of the patients included in the study were male and their mean age was 21.28 years. It was found that 49.7% of our patients were between the ages of 0-17. Boiling liquids are in the first place with a rate of 43.4% as the cause of burns. The average burned body surface area was 29%, and 3rd-degree burns were the most common. The most frequently affected body areas were the upper and lower extremities. The peak application season was seen in winter with a rate of 33.9%. Conclusion: It is known that burn cases always maintain their importance. Since it is a life-threatening health problem and it is frequently seen in the young-child age group, it is necessary to increase the precautions.

Efficacy of a Silver-Based Shampoo for Treatment of Canine Malassezia: A Pilot Study.

Malassezia pachydermatis is a commensal of canines associated with Malassezia dermatitis. Consensus guidelines recommend topical and/or systemic treatment, but resistance to antifungals has been reported. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the efficacy of a 0.003% colloidal silver nanoparticle-based shampoo in the treatment of canine Malassezia dermatitis. Dogs were included based on compatible history, presentation, and at least one positive cytology. Fourteen privately owned dogs were bathed every 48 hr for up to 28 days, allowing 5-10 min of contact time. The mean Malassezia organisms for 10 oil immersion fields at each Malassezia dermatitis-affected body area was recorded at days 0 and 14. Dogs positive on day 14 had cytologies performed on day 28. Eleven dogs (78.6%) were cytologically negative by day 28. Nine (81.8%) of these were negative by day 14. One dog (7.14%) had partial resolution (negative in 3/4 Malassezia dermatitis areas) by day 28. These results suggest that silver nanoparticle-based shampoo may be effective in the treatment of canine Malassezia dermatitis. Larger, controlled studies are needed to further investigate efficacy, optimal concentration, and ideal application frequency.

Assessment of challenges in patrol vehicles and with equipment among law enforcement officers

Understanding the challenges Law Enforcement Officers (LEOs) have encountered with their vehicle and equipment and the correlation between equipment configuration and LEO body dimensions is critical for improving vehicle/equipment specifications to better accommodate today's LEOs. 974 LEOs participated in a study on their vehicle, equipment, and body measurements at 12 sites across the U.S. 88% participants reported discomfort/pain at the end of a shift. The most affected body areas were the lower back and hips. Handguns, radios, and handcuffs on duty belt and seat adjustment were associated with the discomfort/pain. 41% LEOs identified inadequate seat adjustment. Stature, buttock-popliteal length, eye height (sitting), knee height (sitting), shoulder-grip length, popliteal height, sitting height, hip breadth, and body weight were key parameters associated with seat adjustment needs. A third of officers experienced neck pain associated with the use of in-vehicle mobile data terminals and more fore/aft adjustment was needed.

062 Phage display-based isolation of collagen VII-specific monoclonal antibodies from mice with actively induced Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita

To establish an entirely murine antibody transfer model for Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita (EBA) research, we generated a defined array of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the second von Willebrand factor type A-like domain of murine collagen VII (mCOL7vWFA2), the immunodominant epitope in EBA. To identify mCOL7vWFA2 binding antibodies, we generated two single-chain fragment variable (scFv) immune libraries from the spleen and inguinal lymph nodes of a mCOL7vWFA2 immunized mouse with active EBA disease, confirmed by disease affected body area (10%) and anti-mCOL7vWFA IgG serum titer.

Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Disorders among Regular and Special Education Teachers: A Narrative Review.

Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) is a major health problem, which can lead to an enormous burden to the institution as well as chronic disability to the individual. Teachers are at risk of developing MSD due to the exposure to various ergonomic risk factors. Teachers of special education, for example, are expected to perform extra duty such as lifting and moving students, feeding food, changing diapers, and helping them in ambulation. Although there is an adequate amount of scientific research on MSD’s prevalence and its risk factors among regular teachers, only few studies have focused on special education teachers. This review aimed to address these gaps by describing the evidence from various papers on the prevalence of MSD among regular and special education teachers and the related risk factors. The papers have been gathered using electronic databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Springer. The prevalence of MSD among regular teachers ranges from 48.7% to 73.7%, while the prevalence ranges from 38.7% to 94% in special education teachers. Risk factors, such as individual (age, duration of teaching, working hours, and work burden), physical (teaching activities, affected body areas), and psychological factors (stress, anxiety, fear), were identified. From the review, it is recommended to implement ergonomically designed workplaces, comprehensive ergonomic training, psychological approaches, and functional training among teachers at risk.