Affecting Labor Productivity Research Articles

Синергетический подход к преодолению ограничений инфраструктуры транспортно-логистического комплекса

Purpose: Limitations of the infrastructure of the transport and logistics complex today are an acute problem in their work, which negatively affects labor productivity and requires scientific development. The work proposes one of the ways to solve the problem, which can become a fundamental impetus for building the final solution to the problem of infrastructure limitations of the transport and logistics complex, through the introduction of other scientific and applied disciplines, such as mathematics, modeling, etc. To consider the issue of applying a synergetic approach, in the context of synergetics as an interdisciplinary scientific method in solving the problem of infrastructure limitations of the transport and logistics complex. To show the necessity and relevance of using this method in solving the problem. To reveal the tools, factors and methods of their application in the problem of limitations of the infrastructure of the transport and logistics complex. Methods: The basic principles and factors of synergy in the issue of system limitations are revealed, and the main tools of the synergetic approach in the issue of infrastructure limitations of the transport and logistics complex are presented. Results: The necessary tools for overcoming the limitations of the infrastructure of the transport and logistics complex are indicated, and the factors influencing the stumbling blocks to solving the problem of infrastructure limitations are also shown. The conclusion is drawn that this conceptual approach will be the fundamental stone in finding a way to solve the formed problem through other scientific and applied disciplines, such as modeling, mathematics, etc. Practical significance: The necessity of using a synergetic approach and its methods in solving the problem of infrastructure limitations of the transport and logistics complex is shown. Their use will improve the identification of ways to solve the problem and more accurately form a view of a specific logistics link, which should be adjustable in the system of restrictions. The work can be recommended for practical use.

Analysis of Labor Productivity in Bricklaying Operation of Building Construction in Surkhet, Nepal

The development of the nation’s infrastructure depends heavily on the construction industry. The entire labor productivity during the project has a significant impact on construction productivity. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the origins and consequences of labor productivity in the context of the Nepalese construction industry. The methodology involved in conducting the research is the formation of the problem statement, developing research objectives, literature review, data collection, data analysis, conclusion, and recommendations. The data for this research is collected by a literature review as well as a questionnaire and physical observations of building construction. The literature review helped to identify several elements that have an impact on labor productivity. To determine the factors that influenced labor productivity the most, a questionnaire survey was undertaken with a Likert scale. The required information was then produced by processing, analyzing, and interpreting the data using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software tools. The Cronbach’s Alpha value was computed using SPSS to measure the internal consistency and found to be 0.976 which shows the better reliability of the research and data collection. From the study, we can conclude that the results obtained from the relative importance index (RII), mean response analysis (MRA), and sensitivity analysis through Artificial Neural Network (ANN) meets the same conclusion as the highest influencing factor affecting labor productivity is ‘Material related factors’ followed by ‘Leadership related factors’, ‘Manpower related factors’, and the last ‘Other factors’.

Розвиток соціально-психологічних методів управління персоналом в умовах воєнного стану

Personnel management is an activity that creates many new challenges for managers who implement it at the enterprise. Today, one of these challenges is personnel management under martial law. In the con-ditions of martial law, a person's mental state is especially vulnerable, which is accompanied by a change in behavior, a low level of information perception, and an aggressive attitude towards others. All these negative processes are formed under the influence of stress in which people are, in particular, employees in organizations under martial law. People perceive and experience stress in different ways, some gradually adapt to the new reality, recover, and some in response to stressful circumstances and events feel uplifted and want to move forward against everything. In the conditions of martial law, the mental health of em-ployees is a factor that significantly affects labor productivity. Therefore, there is a need for the manager to use social and psychological methods at all levels and stages of management. This will contribute to the formation of a highly qualified and effective team, each member of which will realize their potential at the highest level, as a result of which the efficiency of the enterprise will increase. Social-psychological meth-ods appeal to the management of relationships. The main specificity of such methods is the use of informal factors, interests of the group, collective. At the same time, the competently implemented socio-psychological influence of the manager will form the employee's psychological resources for long-term successful activity. The main feature of psychological methods is the appeal to the inner world of a person, his personality, intelligence, feelings, images and behavior in order to direct the inner potential of a person to the solution of specific tasks of the enterprise. A review of literary sources and own research allow us to state that the formation of an effective labor team in the conditions of martial law directly depends on the identification, formation and development of psychological resources among employees. Despite the diffi-cult operating conditions of domestic enterprises, the proposed directions for the formation of psychologi-cal resources and well-argued evidence of the effectiveness of socio-psychological personnel management methods in the conditions of martial law should comprehensively solve the problem of reducing labor productivity, namely, from reducing organizational stress to improving the company's reputation, increas-ing trust in leadership and team cohesion.

Hubungan Masa Kerja Dengan Kejadian Gangguan Pendengaran Pada Karyawan PT. Riau Graindo Pekanbaru Tahun 2019

Background: Hearing loss is one of the occupational diseases. A noisy work environment as one of the impacts of the industrial sector. This is the most common cause of hearing loss. The National Institute of Health in 2012 reports that about 15% of Americans aged 20-69 years experience hearing loss in connection with work activities, because noise can cause hearing loss, the government sets standards that regulate permissible noise exposure. Hearing loss due to noise occurs slowly, in a matter of months to years. This is often not realized by the sufferer, so that when the patient starts complaining of hearing loss, it is usually already in an irreversible stage. Such conditions will affect labor productivity which will ultimately cause a decrease in the health of the workforce. In certain cases, hearing loss due to noise begins for 6 to 10 years after exposure to loud noises. PT. Riau Graindo was established on January 17, 1997 located in Desa Sidomulyo Barat Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru, a publishing company under of Riau Pos Group (RPG), based in Pekanbaru. Research Objectives: To determine corelations of work period with the incidence of hearing loss in employees of PT. Riau Graindo Pekanbaru in 2019. Research Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross sectional approach. Research Results: Majority of PT. Pekanbaru Graindo Pekanbaru that is > 5 years as many as 21 people (70%). The majority of employees of PT. Riau Graindo Pekanbaru experiencing hearing loss as many as 18 people (60%). Chi square test results obtained Pvalue = 0.001, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between work period and the incidence of hearing loss in the employees of PT. Riau Graindo Pekanbaru in 2019. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a relationship between working period and the incidence of hearing loss in the employees of PT. Riau Graindo Pekanbaru in 2019 with Pvalue = 0.001 smaller than α (0.05).

MAIN AREAS OF EFFECTIVE USE OF RTE PERSONNEL

The aim of the article is to study the main directions of efficient use of personnel at a road transport enterprise. The methodological basis of this article is the scientific works of prominent scientists and materials of periodicals. In the course of the study, the authors use the method of logical analysis to substantiate the factors affecting labour productivity and human resources in general. In order to unanimously accept the object of study and comprehensively evaluate modern methods within the framework of the identified problem, the method of system analysis was used. One of the main factors in the success of a road transport enterprise is the competent work of its management, their ability to make the right decisions, set goals and find ways to achieve them. But despite this, the main factor in the successful operation of the enterprise is the manager's ability to manage human resources. The process of resource management at a transport enterprise is considered as the process of making and implementing management decisions aimed at rationalizing the use, increasing and optimizing the resource potential of the enterprise in order to achieve the set goals and ensure the sustainable functioning of the transport enterprise. Effective formation and use of the company's personnel is determined by global trends in the development of human capital and professional competencies of some employees. To increase the effective use of personnel, it is necessary to implement a strategic planning process before the start of the employment of an individual employee, to justify the ways of developing human resources, and to form personnel reserves at the transport enterprise. The efficient use of personnel is directly related to the efficiency of the production process, so the assessment and analysis of the status and rationalization of personnel use should play a key role in the system of general analysis of the RTE economic activity. A carefully developed system of resource potential management will allow a road transport enterprise to increase the efficiency of its resource potential, as well as to ensure financial stability, increase profitability, and develop the enterprise in a competitive environment of transport services.

Global employment and skill level requirements for ‘Post-Carbon Europe’

The electricity sector is a fundamental component of the transition to a post‑carbon economy. Restructuring away from fossil fuels will bring about job losses, along with job gains related to renewable energy deployment. Understanding the net changes in employment requirements and labor intensity will help to inform about potential bottlenecks. We apply a multiregional input-output model to quantify the employment requirements of the transition of the electricity sector in the European Union. We compare the effects of a 100% renewable energy scenario with a reference scenario (representing country-level energy and climate commitments in force in 2015), modeled at five-year intervals from 2015 till 2050. We show the direct and indirect employment requirements by region, sector, skill level, and gender associated with capital investments, operation and maintenance. A transition to 100% renewables would significantly increase labor demand within the European Union in particular. The employment requirements in the construction and manufacturing sectors would be significant, but only temporary. The transition would increase demand especially for medium- and high-skilled labor. However, comparison with labor force availability projections shows the largest gap in low-skilled labor. The higher labor intensity of 100% renewable electricity generation can also affect labor productivity and economic growth.

An empirical study in assessing the impact of foreign workers on labour productivity in the Malaysian manufacturing sector

This study investigates the impact of foreign workers on labour productivity within the manufacturing industry of Malaysia. The study utilized panel data from 297 manufacturing firms registered with the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers (FMM), covering the ten-year period from 2008 to 2017, and analysed it using static panel data regression to measure the effect of foreign workers on labour productivity. The findings of the study indicate that the employment of foreign workers, particularly those with low skills, has a negative impact on labour productivity. Low-skilled foreign workers often possess a restricted level of education and skills that may not be compatible with the demands of modern industries. Consequently, they may face challenges in adjusting to novel technologies, procedures, or intricate assignments, thereby impeding their overall productivity. It can be concluded that the employment of low-skilled foreign workers in Malaysia's manufacturing sector negatively affects labour productivity. The limited education and skills of these workers hinder their ability to adapt to new technologies and complex tasks, leading to diminished productivity levels. The findings are useful in highlighting to regulators, employers, and workers the effect of foreign workers on labour productivity. The study implies that necessary skills should be provided to low-skilled foreign workers. By enhancing their skills, these workers can better meet the demands of modern industries and contribute more effectively to the manufacturing sector in Malaysia.

Influence of factors on labour productivity: Research in textile and garment enterprises in Vietnam

The purpose of this study is to analyse the influence of factors on labour productivity in textile and garment enterprises in Vietnam. Data collected from 165 employee surveys from textile and garment enterprises in Vietnam were processed through SPSS 26 software, then descriptive statistics, EFA analysis, and regression analysis. The research results show that out of five factors, there are four factors affecting the working productivity of employees at textile and garment enterprises in Vietnam including labour cost, human resource policy, work pressure, and science-technology. In which, the factor of labour cost has the strongest impact on labour productivity at textile and garment enterprises in Vietnam, followed by human resource policy, work pressure, and science-technology. The study also discovered that the seniority factor does not affect labour productivity in textile and garment enterprises. At the same time, the study also proposes some solutions for managers at textile and garment enterprises in Vietnam to improve labour productivity in the future.

Returns to Longevity? The Effects of Life Expectancy on Labour Productivity in Singapore.

While Singapore has consistently been at the forefront of global rankings when it comes to life expectancy and labour productivity, their relationship and interconnectedness are widely contentious. This paper attempts to specifically analyse whether life expectancy affects labour productivity through an instrumental variable approach using 2-Staged-Least-Sqaures (2SLS) regressions. I analyse the effects of life expectancy on labour productivity through multiple channels - education, savings, and the interaction between Malthusian effects and demographic transitions. While further controls must be considered to establish causality, this paper shows a positive association between life expectancy and labour productivity, shedding light that policy investments in health outcomes extend beyond demographic risk management to one which contemporaneously strengthens labour productivity.

Organizational Conflict Management Challenges

Abstract There is no organization without conflict situations. It is known that 80% of conflict situations occur independently of human will. Its causes are people’s individual characteristics, as well as structure of the organization, conditioned by the culture established in the organization. How correctly organizational management analyzes the causes of conflicts, managing stress, diagnostic of the conflict and its management are reflected on the psychological climate of the organization. The psychological climate is directly related to the labor productivity of each member of the organization and the whole organization itself. On the background of strenuous labor relations, the potential of the organization members is spent on the settlement of the conflict environment and it takes a large part of their time budget. Proper use of time resources affects labor productivity. The Human Resources Management Laboratory which is functioning at Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University has already conducted a research in this regard. Due to the actuality of the issue, the laboratory aimed to conduct a further research about conflict situations in the organization. The research was focused on the Faculty of Economics and Business of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University. 458 respondents were interviewed including Bachelor’s and Master’s Degree Students, Professors and Administration Representatives. The questionnaire included 36 questions and 133 options of response. As a result of the research,frequency of conflict situations in the organization was established, the active link of conflict situations. The reasons for the involvement of the collective team members into the conflict have been identified. The attitude of respondents of different categories was interesting in terms of resolving conflict situations. Conflict situations combined with the rest of the stages include the analysis of the causes. Different categories of respondents differently understand the importance of analyzing the causes of conflicts. The study finally made many interesting problems clear. The results obtained were processed by the SPSS program. We have formulated the hypothesis, studied the influence of the status and the gender of a respondent (bachelor, master, professor, and representative of the administration) on up to 15 variables. Trends were revealed through the tables developed on dispersion analysis. The conclusions made on the basis of the analysis of the survey results gave us the opportunity to make recommendations for the recovering and systemic improvement of the established values in the organization. The planned events will help the collective to undergo 3 stages of self-organization, meet the needs of the members, which will improve the psychological situation in the collective. It will facilitate each member’s involvement in order to protect the organization’s prestige and traditions. It is interesting to note that the majority of respondents are loyal to the university, which confirms the true fact that Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University is number one university in the country as well as in the region, is being developed and is constantly maintaining the championship and is trying to improve the conditions of the collective members.

Driving Growth and Innovation: Exploring Foreign Direct Investment in the Manufacturing Sector (The Case of Lithuania)

Recent geo-economic transformations have led to new challenges for countries in their economic development. The evolving global landscape has emphasized regional competitiveness and attractiveness in terms of capital, labor force, and information. Scholars widely agree that countries receiving foreign direct investment (FDI) gain new knowledge, management skills, and advanced production techniques, leading to increased competitiveness and economic growth (Bayar, et. al., 2020). Changing conditions have also influenced investors’ behavior. Globalization and digitalization have shaped international economic relations, focusing not only on resource acquisition, but also on leveraging human capital, knowledge, institutional structures, and networking for firm efficiency. This shift is reflected in changing investors’ preferences: the importance of natural resources, cheap labor, and the size of the national market has decreased, with greater attention given to service- and technology intensive manufacturing markets (Sadeghi, et. al., 2020).
 The aim of this study is to identify the factors that determine the attraction of foreign direct investment in the Lithuanian manufacturing sector and assess their impact. To accomplish this objective, several main tasks were formulated:
 1) Highlight the necessity for assessing FDI attraction in the manufacturing sector.
 2) Identify the factors that influence the attraction of foreign direct investment in the manufacturing sector.
 3) Provide empirical evidence of the impact of these factors.
 
 The article is structured as follows: Firstly, a review of the scientific literature was conducted to address the research problem, which is the lack of literature on foreign direct investment at the sectoral level. Based on this literature analysis, the factors influencing investment attractiveness at the regional and sectoral levels were identified and compared. Additionally, the factors that determine the attractiveness of the manufacturing sector for investment were also identified. 
 In the second part of the study, a research methodology was developed to assess the impact of these factors on foreign direct investment in the Lithuanian manufacturing sector. The results of the third part of the study indicated that although the Granger causality test did not reveal any causal relationship between FDI in Lithuanian manufacturing and variables such as exports, imports, gross domestic product, the number of educated individuals, government gross debt, government R&D expenditure in manufacturing, the number of FDI enterprises in manufacturing, the wage index, and labor productivity, the correlation analysis demonstrated that exports, gross domestic product, and labor productivity have a significant influence on attracting FDI to the industrial sector. These macroeconomic indicators were statistically significant both in the short term and in the long run.
 Empirical findings indicated that labor productivity has the greatest impact on the attractiveness of foreign direct investment in the Lithuanian manufacturing sector, both in the short and long term. To maintain the viability and promote the development of the manufacturing industry, Lithuania should focus on the factors that affect labor productivity in this sector.
 Keywords: investment attractiveness, foreign direct investment, manufacturing sector, sectoral determinants of investment.

Industrial policy and labour productivity growth in Africa: does the technology choice matter?

The persistent gaps in African sectoral labour productivity and the disappointing growth in the manufacturing and service sectors have revived interest among academics and policymakers. In search of ways to boost labour productivity, this study explores how the technology choice as a proxy for industrial policy can affect labour productivity growth. First, I identify the different sources of growth with the decomposition method of shift–share analysis and a recent dataset from 1960 to 2017 of nine sectors. Then I investigate the impact of comparative advantage development strategy on growth components (within effects and structural effects). The shift and share decomposition analysis results suggest a changing role of growth components. While the structural change effect is driven by the “static gains” which still plays an important role, the within effect has been more prevalent during the MDGs and SDGs period. The empirical results indicate that defying comparative advantage hinders the within effect component mitigated by a weak and positive dynamic effect component. The evidence emphasises the design of industrial development based on the comparative advantage in SSA, complemented with policies and strategies aiming at increasing labour productivity in the agriculture sector due to its large employment share.

Can Wealth Buy Health? A Model of Pecuniary and Non-Pecuniary Investments in Health

Abstract In this paper, we develop a life cycle model that features pecuniary and non-pecuniary investments in health in order to rationalize the socioeconomic gradients in health and life expectancy in the United States. Agents accumulate health capital, which affects labor productivity, utility, the distribution of medical spending shocks, and life expectancy. We find that unequal health insurance coverage plays a negligible role in generating the observed gaps in health and longevity. Universal health insurance increases preventive medical spending but not time spent in health promoting activities, as individuals are no longer worried about avoiding high curative medical expenditure shocks due to increased health insurance coverage. Our findings suggest that differences in lifetime income, preferences, and health shocks are the main determinants of inequality in life expectancy.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Penyadap Karet PT Melania Indonesia Mas Estate (Studi Kasus di PT Melania Indonesia Mas Estate Desa Mainan, Kecamatan Sembawa, Kabupaten Banyuasin, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

Factors Affecting Labor Productivity of Rubber Tapping PT. Melania Indonesia Mas Estate (Case Study at PT Melania Indonesia Mas Estate Toy Village, Sembawa District, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra)
 This study aims to determine the productivity of the tapping labor force and the factors that influence the productivity of the rubber tapping workforce of PT Melania Indonesia. This analysis uses independent variables, namely wages, work experience and incentives. The dependent variable is the productivity of tapping labor. The sample of this research is the rubber tapper workers of PT Melania Indonesia as many as 78 respondents. Statistical method using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis using SPSS 24 program, with hypothesis testing statistical test t. The results of the analysis of data from the t test showed that the wage variable (X1) had a positive and significant effect on productivity with a Sig value of 0.009 <0.05, the work experience variable (X2) and incentives (X3) also had a positive and significant effect on productivity with a Sig value. 0.000 < 0.05 and 0.000 < 0.05. The magnitude of the coefficient of determination R2 is 0.950. This means that the tapping labor productivity variable is influenced by the variables of wages, work experience and incentives by 95%. The conclusion of this study is that the variables of wages, work experience and incentives are factors that affect the productivity of rubber tappers in PT Melania Indonesia's plantation. In this case, plantation companies are expected to pay attention to stability in the provision of wages, work experience and incentives, this is because these variables are the driving factors that affect the workforce in achieving company goals.

Certifiable management standards, labor productivity, and worker wages: Evidence from the food sector in Vietnam

AbstractFood production and trade have become inseparable from requirements about product quality and safety, as well as social and environmental aspects of production processes. To demonstrate compliance with these requirements, firms adopt voluntary private certifiable management standards (CMS). How these affect trade, organizational performance, and employee outcomes has become an area of active research in the last decade. This paper analyses how standards affect labor productivity and wages using a 3‐year panel of small and medium firms from the food sector in Vietnam covering the period 2010–2014. Even though the prevalence of CMS in the sample is low, the results show that standards improve both labor productivity and wages. However, the difference in the size of the productivity and wage premiums attributable to standards is not significant. This implies that CMS can be a useful management practice for improving firm productivity when combined with a fair compensation of human resources. The findings are important for lower‐income countries facing low rates of adoption of private CMS and the evolving consumer preferences increasingly attuned to the issues of product quality, food safety, and environmental risks. The results are robust to several specification changes and estimation methods, including firm fixed effects, control function, and instrumental variable approach, which take endogeneity of certification into account. [EconLit Citations: L66, D22, J4, J81, O12].

A Literature Review on Developing a Framework for Factors Affecting Labour Productivity and Suggestions to Improve It

A Literature Review on Developing a Framework for Factors Affecting Labour Productivity and Suggestions to Improve It

Change order effects on labor productivity and mitigation the effects by developing policies using system dynamic modeling: a case study in a construction project

PurposeChange orders are a typical occurrence in building projects. Change orders indirectly affect labor productivity, resulting in a significant delay in the completion of a building project. Change orders cause labor productivity losses that are difficult to describe, establish and account for contractors and subcontractors. This study aimed to look at the influence of change orders on labor productivity and develop methods to mitigate their adverse effects.Design/methodology/approachTo assess the change orders' impact on productivity levels a system dynamic model was developed and devise ways were developed to counteract these negative impacts in this research. The impact of change orders on labor productivity and project time was then controlled using techniques established. Finally, a case study of KUET's hall extension was chosen, and the model and principles developed were implemented.FindingsThis study established that if the project delivery date is set and change orders are occurring often, labor productivity will be impacted. With adequate monitoring and supplemental management techniques, it can be reduced by prolonging the project.Originality/valueThe developed policies aid to mitigate the effect of change orders on labor productivity.

Does human capital spillover affect labor productivity?

As a developing country, in 2022 Indonesia is the 4th largest population in the world and predicted to experience a demographic bonus in 2020-2035. However, along with the increase in the population and workforce in Indonesia, it turns out that the productivity of the workforce in Indonesia is still low. This study aims to analyze and examine the effect human capital spillovers proxied by higher educated labor and lifetime in-migration on labor productivity in Indonesia along with other production factor variables. This study used panel data collected from 28 provinces in Indonesia in period of 2010 to 2019. Based on the results, the higher the level of education, the higher the productivity and the presence of higher educated labor can provide knowledge spillover for the environment. Meanwhile, human capital spillover from indicators in-migration has no impact on productivity. These results indicate that knowledge spillover support by quality of human capital, but the movement of labor has not provided positive externalities for the surrounding environment.JEL Classification E24; J24; O47

LABOR EFFICIENCY: A STUDY IN THE PAPER MILL

Organizations achieve their goals thanks to their employees. Therefore, those who have the strongest effect on the efficiency of the organization are those who work. It is a desired situation for businesses to use their production resources rationally without wasting production resources and to obtain the most output with the least input. By conducting a survey on labor productivity valuation in a paper manufacturing enterprise,
 23 questions were answered. The first 4 of these questions aimed to measure the demographic characteristics of the personnel, and the other 19 questions were applied to 126 people to measure the effect of the change in the factory and working conditions on the personnel productivity. The excell program was used in the analysis of the survey, and frequency distribution graphics were used. In addition to the frequency and percentage values of the obtained data, 13 hypotheses were established and the results of the t-test and one-way analysis of variance (One Way ANOVA) and Pearson chi-square test were also given. As a result, it has been seen that the work of the personnel is not appreciated most of the time, but they are warned in case the work is interrupted or not completed. According to the personnel, success is determined as meeting the production targets. It has been revealed that age does not affect labor productivity, but gender affects labor productivity. The most important factor affecting the productivity of employees has been wages.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Labor Productivity of Upper Structure Work on the Hurun Beach Resort Project Using the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process)

Development and project development in Indonesia is very important and is expected to have a good impact on the economy of this country. To achieve reliable development, it is necessary to manage human resources with the aim of increasing construction productivity. The factor influencing productivity is one of the benchmarks for the success of construction development implementation. This study aims to analyze the factors and occupations that have a relative effect on labor productivity in the Hurun Beach Resort Project. The AHP method is the research method used to carry out the analysis in this study. This is because decision-making criteria and alternatives become a reference to obtain achievements so that the percentage of the desired productivity factor can be known. Based on the results of the sub-criteria analysis, the relatively influential factor is the shop drawing with a weight of 0.19432, the second is the experience factor of 0.11948, and the third is the factor of adding working hours 0.10936. After analyzing the sub-criteria and then getting the final weight, the alternative superstructure work that is relatively influential is formwork work with a weight of 0.03413, the second is ironwork 0.03049, and the third is casting work 0, 0207.