Affect Household Food Security Research Articles

Climate change stressors affecting household food security among Kimandi-Wanyaga smallholder farmers in Murang’a County, Kenya

Abstract Climate change hazards including droughts and floods are adversely affecting crop productivity and food security among Kenyan smallholder farmers. This article analyzes rainfall and temperature change effects on household food security in Kimandi-Wanyaga, in Murang’a County, Kenya. Both the meteorological and the community perceptions were analyzed. Monthly rainfall and temperature data for Thika Meteorological Station were analyzed for trends using MAKESENS procedure. The community perceptions data obtained through household survey, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and content analysis. The study hypotheses were tested using chi-square tests. The community perceived inadequate rainfall during crop growth (79%), reduced rainfall intensity (77%) and erratic onset and cessation of seasonal rainfall (73%) had interrupted their crop productivity. These disagreed with MAKESENS rainfall trends that showed statistically insignificant rainfall variability (α > 0.1). The community’s warmer temperature perceptions agreed with observed rising maximum temperature trend at 0.001 significance level. This study observed a significant relationship between the community’s perceived local rainfall and temperature changes, and household food security. For robust and strategically designed climate policies and programs for food security, governments need to communicate to policy makers the perceptions of smallholder farmers involved in autonomous climate adaptation.

Women empowerment, Land Tenure and Property Rights, and household food security among smallholders in Nigeria

BackgroundEmpowering women, land tilting to enhance the security of Land Tenure and Property Rights (LTPRs) in agriculture vis-a-vis food and nutrition security are crucial in the pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals. The main goal of this paper is to examine the crucial roles of women’s empowerment and LTPRs as they affect household food security among smallholder farmers in Nigeria.MethodologyCross-sectional data were obtained from 1152 maize and rice farmers, selected by multistage random sampling across 192 communities, 16 States and the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. The data were collected on households’ socio-economics, food security situations, empowerment and LTPRs on parcels cultivated during the 2016/17 farming season by interviewing the adult members of the farmers’ households. HFS was assessed using the United States Department of Agriculture’ HFS Survey Module and Food and Agriculture Organization guidelines for measuring Household Dietary Diversity Score. LTPRs were measured in terms of tenure type and title registration to farmlands. HFS modelling was within the framework of Poisson, Instrumental Variable Poisson (IVP) and Zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression methods, with endogeneity concerns and choice of specification addressed within Hausman specification tests.ResultsThe results of the study show that households that have a share of farmland on purchase and also participate in off-farm activities are likely to be certainly food-secure in all regards. Crop diversity, households that cultivate maize only, the share of farmland on purchase and access to extension contact significantly reduce the severity of food insecurity while an increase in farm size increases the severity of food insecurity. Similarly, IV Poisson and ZIP Count results show that increase in the farm size results in the severity of food insecurity. The evidence with respect to women’s empowerment reveals that gender parity and female achievement in group membership, income control, as well as workload; reduce the extent of food insecurity among the farming households in Nigeria. We, however, discover that the female achievement in the productive decision and credit increases the severity of food insecurity among the smallholder farmers. The analyses also reveal that education of the household head, female achievement in the asset; group membership and workload are the major factors that positively influenced household dietary diversity.ConclusionThe study suggests the adoption of climate-smart practices to overcome the issue of marginal farmlands, promotion of crop and livelihood diversification among the smallholder farmers, effective extension services delivery, and improving women’s access to productive resources to enhance household food security status in Nigeria.

Impact of Changing Swidden-Based Farming to Rubber-Based Farming on Food Security in Luang Namtha Province, Lao PDR

Although swidden-based farming has traditionally been practiced by the people in Lao PDR, this system is considered to result in significant environmental degradation. Thus, rubber-based farming was introduced as an alternative to food crops grown under swidden farming, thereby affecting household food security. Thus, this study aimed to compare the impacts of traditional swidden-based farming (SBF), rubber-based farming (RBF), and swidden–rubber-based farming on food security in Luang Namtha province, Laos. Two villages were selected for a case study. A total sample of 195 households was selected using the stratified random sampling method. A face-to-face household (HH) questionnaire was used for interviews. The results showed that households practicing RBF alone showed the lowest level of food security and highest vulnerability in terms of food security. No households in this group reached the food security level. The SRBF group exhibited a greater level of food security than that of either SBF or RBF alone. Two dimensions of food security—food availability and food access—were used to investigate the household food security level associated with the three farming types in this paper.

The relationship between household food waste and food security in Tehran city: The role of urban women in household management

Food loss and waste are some of the most urgent social, economic and environmental issues affecting our planet's sustainability, and it has a direct and indirect impact on food security. Food security is a strategic development issue in Iran. This study aims to investigate the overall prevalence and factors affecting household food security with a novel approach to analyze the relationship between food waste and food security in Tehran city. This study applied the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for assessing food insecurity and logistic regression modeling. It was found that 64.2 percent of the households are food secure in Tehran. Results have shown that food waste has a significant negative effect on the food security of households, while marital status, family income, food storage, education and housing asset of family indicated positive significant effects on the food security of households. The results revealed most food waste is related to edible food waste such as bread, cooked rice, cooked pasta, which implies that the reduction of it can contribute to improving food security. In light of the major findings of this study, it is concluded that food waste control can decrease the food insecurity of urban Iranian households. This study is the first attempt to conceptualize and provide empirical evidence that food waste reduction increases food security A significant implication that emerges from this study is that food waste control programs could enhance food security in urban households.

Relationship between rice farmers household food security and stunting incidence in Enrekang Regency

Food is one of the basic human needs. As a basic need, food must be sufficiently available at all times, safe, of good quality, affordable, of various types and nutritious. However, there are several health impacts due to this food, one of which is the incidence of stunting. Stunting describes a long-standing state of malnutrition and takes time for children to develop and recover. This study aims to analyze the relationship between household food security of rice farmers and the incidence of stunting and to analyze the factors that affect household food security of rice farmers and the incidence of stunting in Ongko Village, Maiwa District, Enrekang Regency. The analysis technique used is the simple Linear Regression and Chi-square test with the help of the SPSS version 23.0 application. The result of this study is that there is a significant relationship between food security and stunting variables, education variables (p-value = 0.033), parenting variables (p-value = 0.042), sanitation variables (p-value = 0.024).

Farmers Household Food Security in Subak Sembung During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Food is a basic need for humans therefore its availability must be guaranteed. The Bali Provincial Agriculture and Food Security Service (2020) states that the proportion of food expenditure for the people of Bali Province in 2019 is 43.92% and is still classified as food resistant, but doesn’t guarantee food security at the household level. The Covid-19 pandemic has caused difficulties in fulfilling food needs because losing jobs has added to the challenge of realizing food security. This study aims at determining how the household food security of farmers seen based on the proportion of household food expenditure, level of energy consumption (TKE) and factors that affect household food security. This research was conducted in Subak Sembung with 36 farmers as sample and analyzed using descriptive methods of cross analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that most of the farmer households were in a food vulnerable condition because there were many households with a high proportion of food expenditure (>60%). Farm income, non-farm income, food expenditure and rice prices variables have a significant effect on the farmer households food security. Improving food security conditions are expected by reducing the proportion of food expenditure in each household.
 

The acceptability of yellow mealworm as chicken feed: a case study of small-scale farmers in South Africa

BackgroundSmall-scale poultry farming plays a major role as a source of income for farmers through the sale of birds and eggs. Furthermore, in households’ poultry products are a valuable source of protein in the diet—especially in low-income communities. However, these farmers are facing a challenge with the rising cost of conventional feed. Climate change and global warming play a role in changing farming activities and affecting household food security. Therefore, replacing traditional ingredients with insects in chicken diets is gaining popularity worldwide. The purpose of this study was to assess the willingness of small-scale poultry farmers to adopt the use of yellow mealworm in diets for chickens. A total number of 107 farmers in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality were selected using snowball sampling and were interviewed face to face using a semi-structured questionnaire.ResultsDescriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the data. The results of the study showed that 72% of respondents, the majority of whom were male, were willing to adopt mealworm as poultry feed. About 51% of the participants were willing to eat chicken that was reared using mealworms, even though 85% had not seen mealworms before. Furthermore, it was found that farmers who used mixed corn and who had secondary education were more willing to adopt mealworms as an alternative protein source in chicken feed.ConclusionSmall-scale poultry farmers in Tshwane accept the use of mealworm as chicken feed. It is recommended that the early adopters of mealworms as poultry feed be profiled so that communication strategies can be developed to deal with the fears and attitudes of farmers who are not willing to adopt mealworms as poultry feed. Since the majority of the farmers who are willing to adopt mealworm had secondary education, it would be beneficial if small-scale poultry farmers are educated about the benefits of using yellow mealworm as a substitute in poultry feed.

Prevalence of household food insecurity among people living with HIV/AIDS (Kerman- the southeast of Iran).

Background: Household food insecurity is one of the major public health issues that may affect an individual’s nutritional state, especially in patients with chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of household food insecurity and its association with sociodemographic and clinical factors among patients with HIV/AIDS in Kerman province, Iran. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed among the 179 patients with HIV/AIDS in Kerman province. Participants completed a questionnaire focusing on personal information, health, and clinical status. Also, household food security status was evaluated by the USDA (US Department of Agriculture) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 22) by descriptive, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Overall, 98 responding men and women were classified as household food secure (n=41; 40.8%) and household food insecure (n=58; 59.2%). Among the household food insecure patients, 14% (n=8) experienced lower household food insecurity, 38% (n=22) moderate household food insecurity, and 48% (n=28) severe household food insecurity. No significant differences were observed between household food secure and insecure groups in demographic variables. In clinical variables, only BMI index was significantly different between the two groups (p=0.040), but CD4 count was not significant between groups (p=0.220). Conclusion: Prevalence of household food insecurity was high among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kerman. It seems clinical variables such as BMI index, which indicates the nutritional status of individuals, affect household food security status among people living with HIV/AIDS.

Does Social Parameters and Landholding Size Affect Household Food Security in Rural India?

Past studies have proved that various factors affect household food security. This paper presents whether social groups, family size and landholding sizes are related to food security of the households. Consumption of food groups as per household recommended requirement is considered as food security in this paper. Subsample of 315 households from 39 villages of Mathapada Gram Panchayat and 8 villages from Doraguda Gram Panchayat in Boipariguda block in Koraput district of Odisha state, India were taken for the study. Results of the study show that social group and family size have significant effect on the gap between consumption and household food groups and nutrients requirement, while landholding did not show any effect. Intervention studies and knowledge on consumption of own production and marketing of excess produce should be emphasized. Government entitlements should focus on decreasing the gap between the consumption and household requirement by increasing the accessibility to foods and making the rural households food secure.

Determinants affecting household food security in India: a critical review

Determinants affecting household food security in India: a critical review

Food Security Status and Factors Affecting Household Food Security in Enugu State, Nigeria.

In Nigeria, high inflation rates, increasing consumer price index, insurgency, and displacement of households have negatively affected household income expenditures on food resulting in food insecurity. This study aimed at determining the food security status and factors affecting this among households in Enugu state, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study of 800 households in Enugu state, Nigeria. As many as 61.1% of households in Enugu State were found to be food-insecure. The factors influencing food security status were wealth index, belonging to a cooperative society, lack of money to buy food items, and the number of accessible marketplaces. Various coping strategies included skipping meals (77%), reducing quantity of meals (92.6%), purchasing less preferred meals (72.3%) and borrowing food and money (31.3%). The prevalence of food-insecure households was high, mostly due to poverty, not belonging to a cooperative society, and few accessible marketplaces. There is a need for economic and political stability that is supportive of households.

An Empirical Analysis of Food Expenditures by First Nation Households in Canada: Factors Affecting Household Food Security

An Empirical Analysis of Food Expenditures by First Nation Households in Canada: Factors Affecting Household Food Security

Factors Affecting Household Food Security in Gumay Woreda of Jimma Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia

This study is focused on factors affecting household food security in Gumay woreda, Jimma zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. The problem of food security is one the challenges that farmers in the study area deal with. The general objective of the study is to assess factors affecting households to food security in the study area. Both secondary and primary data were used for the study. The study was based on the survey of a total of 72 households randomly selected using three-stage sampling techniques; purposive sampling, stratified sampling and systematic sampling. Analytical tools used include descriptive statistics and econometrics model. The total household expenditure per adult equivalent is taken to compute proxy indicator of food security. The findings revealed that about 72.22% and 22.78% of farmers in the woreda were food secure and food insecure respectively. Logistic model analysis result showed age, cultivated land, improved seed, fertilizer and tropical livestock units were the major factors positively and significantly influence food security status. The findings suggest the following set of policy recommendation. Identifying and understanding factors that are responsible for household’s food security status and its determinants is important to combat food security problems at the household level. The study findings suggest that in selecting priority intervention areas, the food security strategy should consider statistically significant variables as the most important areas.

Indigenous Farming Techniques Affecting House Hold Food Security in Lower Nyakach Division in Kisumu County, Kenya

The Global community has made a commitment through the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 to ending hunger and achieving food security and improved nutrition by 2030. However, recent evidence points to increasing hunger and food insecurity in the world. A consortium comprising the World Food Organization (FAO) estimates that the number of undernourished people has increased from 784 million in 2015 to 821 million people in 2018, with around 22.8% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) facing chronic food deprivation. Whereas adoption of indigenous farming practices aligned to local climatic knowledge has recently been touted as a panacea to food crop production, the level of household food insecurity in some regions in Kenya keeps rising. In Lower Nyakach division of Kisumu County, Kenya, there has been a steady decline in Maize crop production over the last five year, with each household receiving approximately five bags of maize from their farms to feed an average of five persons per household each year. This questions the effectiveness of indigenous farming practices in influencing household food security in the area. The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of indigenous farming practices on household food security among households in Lower Nyakach Division of Kisumu County, Kenya. Specific objectives were to: assess the influence of indigenous pest control practices; establish the influence of indigenous ploughing methods, and to determine the influence of cultivation systemson food security among households in Lower Nyakach Division.The study was guided by the observation learning theory which depicts learning to be a function of observing, retaining and replicating behaviour executed by others. This was a descriptive research design on a target population of 3756 households. The researcher sampled 10% (250) households which was stratified based on population in each location. Questionnaire was used to collect data from household heads while interview schedule was used to collect data from agricultural officers and CBO/NGO leaders who have been assisting the farming families with inputs. Findings showed that indigenous farming techniques used by the households have determined food security to a moderate extent (M=2.9; SD=1.246) in the area. Pest control (65.6%; M=3.71), method of ploughing (48.3%; M=2.86) and adopted season of cultivation (45.6%; M=2.75) all had influence on food security. It was concluded that pest control being a major determinant of food security, the families in the study area have depended on multiple weeding using hand tools to control pests and weeds as opposed to mechanical or use of pesticides and herbicides. The study recommends that the farming families should be supported with sufficient farm implements as well as pesticides/herbicides. Further research should be done on contribution of farm implements subsidies to local farmers on household food security in rural areas

Household level food insecurity assessment: Evidence from panel data, Ethiopia

Ethiopia is one of the fastest growing economies and with the top 10 highest population growth, which is among the major resources that determine the dynamics of the welfare of the society. This study assesses the prevalence of food insecurity and the major household level determinants of food insecurity at the national level and ranks the coping strategies households use. Longitudinal data of over 5000 households is analyzed using logit model. Anthropometric indicators generally show an improvement over time, though malnutrition is still one of the highest in the world. Child nutritional status in rural areas is worse compared to urban areas. Also, it appears that a higher percentage of boys suffer from malnutrition than girls. The result of logistic regression revealed that average years of schooling of members of the household, proximity to service centers, assets and availability of credit services positively affect household food security, whereas dependency ratio and shocks increase the odds of a household to be food insecured. Households choose to reduce the variety of food eaten as a primary strategy to reduce the impacts of food insecurity. Continuous investment in education and rural development could help improve the household food insecurity.

Sociodemographic Factors Affecting Household Food Security In Sumedang Regency West Java Province

Sumedang Regency is categorized as food security at the regional level based on the 2015 Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas (FSVA), but at the household level, there are still cases of food insecurity. The problem faced is that the determinants of food security have not been identified based on household characteristics. The objective of this study was to determine the sociodemographic factors that affect household food security in Sumedang Regency. This study uses a quantitative method with 690 household analysis units obtained from the 2015 Susenas data. Data were analyzed by the logistic regression method. Sociodemographic factors that affect household food security in Sumedang Regency in 2015 from the aspect of household head characteristics are education, age, and smoking habits. While from the aspect of a household is the number of household members, rural residence, and position in work as a farm laborer. Household food security in Sumedang Regency will be better if there is an increase in household income sources of farm laborers, increased economic activity in rural communities, and expansion of community education accessibility, optimization of family planning programs, and increased knowledge and awareness of healthy living behaviors by reducing smoking habits.

The analysis of factors that affecting household food security of tuberculosis patients in Surabaya

Tuberculosis (TB) cases and household food security are fundamental problem which can be concerned with each other. Household food insecurity can affect the ability of a family member in counteracting an infectious disease such as TB. This research is aimed to study the factors that affecting household food security of tuberculosis patients in Surabaya. By Binary logistic regression model, there are four significant variables; Head of Household’s Occupation, Expenditure per Month, The Household Density and Type of Roof, with the correct classification 65.6%.

Difference of Socio-Economic Characteristics based on Food Security Levels in Urban and Rural Poor Household in South Sulawesi

Backgorund; Nutritional problems arise due to the problem of food security at the household level, namely the ability of households to obtain food for all household members. This reflects the lack of accessibility of households to obtain food, one of which is caused by poverty. Many factors can affect household food security. Aim; This study aims to analyze differences in socio-economic characteristics based on the level of food security of poor urban and rural households in South Sulawesi as measured by the HFIAS Method and the modified Maxwell Method. Method; This study used a cross sectional design. Sampling using purposive sampling with a sample size of 170 households. Data analysis performed was bivariate analysis with t-independent test and chi square test. Results; The results showed that the variables that had differences between food-security and food-insecurity household groups as measured by the HFIAS method were household size (p = 0,000), while variables that had differences between household groups were food-security and food-insecurity (0.029) and household size (p = 0.000). Conclusions; Household size variables have differences between food-security and food-insecurity household groups as measured by the HFIAS method and the modified Maxwell method. Household size is an important variable that affects the level of household food security.

How does women's empowerment in agriculture affect household food security and dietary diversity? The case of rural irrigation schemes in Limpopo Province, South Africa

ABSTRACTThe link between the empowerment of women in agriculture and food security, was investigated in Limpopo Province. Data were collected in three irrigation scheme communities. Respondents were largely food secure, however, empowerment in agriculture and food and nutrition security were moderately associated. This was partly attributed to the importance crop diversification and markets for accessing other nutrient-dense food and the status quo of purchasing food versus own food production. It was concluded that pursuing crop diversification and women market-oriented empowerment by improving farmers skills in agriculture would likely improve food and nutrition security. It was recommended that a more transformative and empowering system that allows farmers to diversify crop production and access more markets be sought. Nutrition education and advocacy would also improve household dietary diversity.

MULTIVARIATE ADAPTIVE REGRESSION SPLINES MODELING FOR HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY IN CENTRAL BORNEO PROVINCE 2017

This study aims to make a model household food security with social, economic and demographic variables in Central Borneo Province using nonparametric regression, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS). The source of data was 2017 Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) from Central Bureau of Statistics. The model shows that all variables have significant to affect household food security with importance level: area type (100%), age (99.47%), the amount of people in a household (88.57%), access to credit (81.01%), head of household education (19.74%), and gender (11.08%). In addition, there are four basic functions with no variable interaction, two basic functions with two variable interactions and two basic functions with three variable interactions on the MARS model specification.