Affect Bank Performance Research Articles

The Impact of Fraud on Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks: Evidence from Nigeria

This study demonstrated new evidence sustaining the idea that the issue of fraud has a long history and that fraud in deposit money banks affect performance when fraud are proxied with data extracted from inappropriate auditing process, peer group pressure, computer fraud and management looting using the Generalized Least Square Method (GLS) and the z-statistics as method of data analysis. The data used in the study were adjusted with the Jarque-Bera test of normality to remove any form of spurious result as variable normality is a standardized requirement for any linear model while the cronbach apha value was used to test the validity, consistency and reliability of the data. The main aim of the study is to investigate if variables like computer fraud, managers looting; inappropriate auditing, peer group pressure affect bank performance. To achieve this objective, research questions and hypotheses were formulated and variables were proxied for fraud and deposit banks performance as distilled from related literatures. The GLS result was used to test the formulated hypotheses with a standard z-value of 1.96. The GLS regression results revealed that there are negative relationships between bank frauds and performance while the z-test shows that bank frauds affect deposit money bank performance in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that an efficient and modern financial technological structure such as Computer Aided Auditing Tools & Techniques (CAATTs) would combat fraud in deposit money banks in Nigeria.

Corporate board, ownership structure and banking performance in the emergent market

Corporate governance plays a crucial role in creating corporate culture, transparency, enhancing economic and financial performance. In this context, this paper provides a brief view of the background of internal corporate governance mechanisms in Tunisia. Furthermore, it analyses the impact of the corporate board and ownership structure on the financial performance of Tunisian banking. The study uses a sample that consists of 11 listed banks for the period 2005-2018. Results revealed the importance of board control within the bank, but they also state that other mechanisms such as the ownership structure must also be taken into account. Research shows that the ownership concentration, board size, independent and institutional administrators affect bank performance. Likewise, duality is positively associated with bank profitability. The current study is considered as a battery for further research and studies particularly in Tunisia in the context of corporate governance and financial performance. The results can have an important implication on bank regulation and corporate governance in the Tunisian market.

Analysis on Fundamental of Macroeconomy Factors on Banking Performance and its Implications to Third Party Funds: A Case Study of Indonesia

This study aimed to describe fundamental of macroeconomy, performance of banking and third party funds, analyze impact of fundamental of macroeconomy on bank performance, analyze effect of bank performance to deposit, analyze impact of fundamental of macroeconomy to deposit also analyze effect of fundamental of macroeconomy of third party funds through banking performance. The type of this research is descriptive explanatory that describe causality through hypothesis testing. This study uses 4 banks for 11 years (series) i.e. 2004 to 2014, with combined model of data obtained as many as 132. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis and Analysis of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed that fundamental of macroeconomy affect bank performance; it does show that every event relating to inflation and BI rate in the real sector will affect banks' performance. Performance of banking industry affects third-party funds. In conditions, interest rates rise, it will suppress growth of third party funds (including assets) of banks, and vice versa if interest rates experienced a declining trend, bank deposits will increase. Fundamental of macroeconomy affect third-party funds.

CEO Compensation and Firm Performance in Emerging Market: Evidence from Indonesia Selected Listed Banks

Objective – The objective of this study was to investigate empirically the relationship between the compensation of chief executive officers (CEO) and a firm’s performance in the banking industry and to examine if CEO compensation affects bank performance differently between banks with and without prospect. Methodology/Technique – The author uses two measures of performance, total return on assets and Tobin, s Q, and concentrate on total CEO compensation. All data are collected from annual reports of banks listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for a sample of 23 commercial banks or 167 firm-year observation over the 2009-2018 period utilizing the purposive random sampling technique. CEO compensation and bank performance are then analysed employing pooled regression method. Findings – This study finds supporting evidence for the agency-related problem in the banking industry in Indonesia. It then proves that high CEO compensation does have an inverse effect on bank performance, mainly on firm value. It also provides evidence that the pay-performance also demonstrates different patterns in firms with and without prospect. Novelty – This study uses novel and hand-collected data on CEO compensation in the banking industry and developing econometric evidence regarding CEO pay-performance relating to banks with and without prospect. Type of Paper: Empirical. JEL Classification: G21, G32, M12. Keywords: CEO compensation; Financial performance; Banking industry. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Azazi, A. 2020. CEO Compensation and Firm Performance in Emerging Market: Evidence from Indonesia Selected Listed Banks, Acc. Fin. Review, 5 (3): 95 – 109. https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2020.5.3(2)

Human capital, income diversification and bank performance–an empirical study of East African banks

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether income diversification moderates the relationship between human capital and bank performance.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a sample of 53 banks and panel data for the years 2010–2018. The hypotheses are tested through hierarchical multiple regression and the choice between fixed effect and random effect estimation is based on the results of the Hausman test.FindingsThe study finds that human capital and income diversification significantly influence bank performance; however, the direction of the causality varies. While human capital has a positive effect, income diversification has a negative effect. Additionally, the interaction term has a negative and significant effect on bank performance, inferring that income diversification has an antagonistic effect on the human capital and bank performance relationship. For the control variable, liquidity and asset quality negatively affects bank performance while capitalization has a positive effect.Research limitations/implicationsHuman capital was measured as human capital efficiency (HCE), which is a quantitative measure of human capital, hence future studies can use qualitative measures. Also, the study focused on commercial banks in East Africa, future researcher may possibly consider other regions and industries, which would shed more insights.Practical implicationsThe results of this paper provide valuable insights. Bank managers can get a better understanding of the impact of human capital on bank performance, and the need to invest more in human capital development. Further, the study cautions bank managers that engaging in non-lending activities might destroy the economic value of human capital and ultimately lower performance. The study also recommends that policymakers should address the obstacles to banks' income diversification, for instance relaxing regulations restricting diversification; this might enable banks to leverage related financial service activities for optimal utilization of human capital and improve banks' profitability.Originality/valueWhile a good number of previous studies investigated the direct effect of human capital and income diversification on the performance of banks, this study examines the moderating role of income diversification on the relationship between human capital and performance of banks in East Africa.

Do firm-specific risks affect bank performance?

PurposeThe authors examine the impact of credit, liquidity and operational risks on the financial performance of commercial banks of South Asia.Design/methodology/approachData are extracted from DataStream of 76 commercial banks of four countries, i.e. Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka for the period 2009–2018. The generalized method of moments (GMM) is used to analyze the results.FindingsAll three risks are significantly associated with financial performance. The authors find that Z-score positively affects the bank performance, whereas the nonperforming loans (NPLs) ratio has a negative impact on financial performance of bank. Liquidity risk analyses show the current and loan-to-deposit (LTD) ratios positively and negatively, respectively, affect financial performance. While operational risk positively affects financial performance. The authors further present the significant effects of joint occurrence of credit and liquidity risks on financial performance.Practical implicationsFor managing credit risk, banking management should ensure the policies for granting loans and timely reimbursement of the loan installments from customers. Bank managers should regularly monitor the liquidity position by maintaining the necessary levels of loans and deposits. Management should retain a healthy capital charge to meet operational risks.Originality/valueCredit, liquidity and operational risks are considered the most important categories of risk which are faced by financial institutions. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study which investigates the impact of these risks on banks’ financial performance in selected South Asian countries. The results of this study have relevance and probable generalizability about the impact of risks on the performance of banks in emerging markets.

The impacts of competition, efficiency, and risk towards bank’s performance in Indonesia

Banks in Indonesia provide more than 40 percent of funding in economy. Sustainable performance of commercial banks is important because they have large effects on the growth of whole economy. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the effects of competition, efficiency, and risk on performance of bank in Indonesia forty-six public commercial banks in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2002-2018. One-step system generalized method of moments are used to handle endogeneity in dynamic panel model. Competition of non-interest income market influence negatively on bank performance. Cost efficiency and revenue efficiency does not affect bank performance. Profit efficiency positively effect on net interest margin, but not return on assets. Credit risk negatively effects on ROA, not on NIM. Capital risk negatively effects on NIM, but not ROA. Insolvency risk negatively effects on NIM, not on ROA. While, loans and deposit market’s competition and liquidity risk does not affect bank performance in Indonesia. JEL Classification : G21, G32 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v24i4.4903

How diversification affects bank performance: The role of human capital

Previous studies have examined the effects of diversification on bank performance without taking into account the role of human capital. The aim of this paper is to make an attempt to investigate whether bank human capital efficiency has moderating effects on the relationships between diversification and bank performance. Using a sample of 400 commercial banks operating in 34 African countries over the 2005–2015 period, we find that higher diversification reduces bank performance while higher levels of human capital efficiency are positively associated with bank performance. We also find that the performance-reducing effects of diversification decrease as bank human capital efficiency improves. These results are consistent regardless of different alternative measures of diversification and performance. Our findings provide valuable insights into the importance of the development of human capital to the diversification of banking activities.

Assessing the Effect of Liquidity Management on the Performance Of Deposit Money Banks In Nigeria.

This study examines the effect of liquidity management on bank’s performance in Nigeria from the period 1980-2017. The major aim of the study was to find empirical evidence of degree to which effective liquidity management affects bank performance and how to improve bank performance and liquidity position. The cointegration and error correction technique were produced from the ARDL technique of data analysis as well as Granger causality test was employed to investigate the relationship between liquidity management and banks’ performance. The study reveals that there is a long run relationship between banks’ performance and the selected key variables, although LQR was found to be the only significant variable in the model from the individual test, however, it was jointly shown that the liquidity components significantly impact on banks’ performance in Nigeria in the long run. Based on the empirical findings, we recommend that central bank of Nigeria should ensure effectiveness and efficiency in the review and monitoring of liquidity policy tools in banks in order to stabilize deposit money banks performance and strengthen the financial sector of the economy.

Do Board Characteristics Affect Bank Performance? Evidence from the Eurozone

This study analyzed the effect of board structure characteristics on bank performance. Over a sample of 50 banks in five Eurozone countries, including the UK, Germany, France, Italy, and Spain, during the period 2000–2019, our empirical evidence has suggested that most board characteristics increase bank performance, while the separation of the roles of CEO and chairman inhibits it. By using fixed effects and random effects regressions, as well as a pooled OLS panel data estimation, we have found that a board size of between 7 and 10 has a significant impact on bank performance. In addition to board size, we have also found that board independence has a positive and significant impact on bank performance. Furthermore, results have shown that the number of board meetings and financial experts plays an important role on bank performance. In contrast, there is no considerable increase in bank performance when the role of CEO and chairman is separated.

Nonlinear effect of subordinated debt changes on bank performance

We investigate whether changes in subordinated debt have a nonlinear effect on bank performance. Subordinated debt changes negatively affect bank performance, both linearly and quadratically. Increases in subordinated debt, namely, issuances, deteriorate (increase) bank profitability (insolvency risk), while the effects of the debt decreases, namely, redemptions, are insignificant.

The risk-return trade-off of liquidity positions: Evidence from Vietnamese banking system

The study investigates how liquidity positions affect bank performance at Vietnamese commercial banks for the period of 2007-2017, in terms of credit risk and profitability. We employ the generalised method of moments (GMM) for the dynamic panel models to implement some alternative regression techniques. The robust results indicate that the liquidity position induces a trade-off between risk and return. More precisely, banks holding more liquid assets tend to face less credit risks but yield less profits. These effects seem not to be strong and we also examine if the effect of liquidity on bank return exerts an increasingly downward slope depending on bank riskiness, but there is no significant evidence found. The findings of this study provide some insightful policy implications for banking market in Vietnam as well as other emerging countries.

PENGARUH TATA KELOLA RISIKO TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN

This study examines the effect of risk governance on bank performance of Indonesian public companies. The sample consists of 86 banking companies listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange for period 2016-2017. The accounting-based and market-based approach were used to measure the performance, while risk governance disclosure was measured by risk disclosure, number of risk committee and frequency of risk committee meetings. The results of this study find that the extent of of risk disclosure and the number of risk committee have significantly effect both on accounting-based and market-based performance. However, this study failed to suggest that the frequency of risk committee meetings affect bank performance. The findings of this study suggest that the presence of good risk governance mechanism may reduce the potential risks faced by banking companies while providing a positive impact on the performance.

Capital, Liquidity and Prudential Regulation (Presentation Slides)

This presentation addresses the following issues: How does bank capital affect bank liquidity creation? How does bank capital affect bank performance during crises/bad times and normal times? What are implications for bank regulation?

English

The objective of this study is to empirically assess the effect of bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants of Ethiopian private commercial banks financial performance using three measures namely, return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and economic value added (EVA) for the period 2006 to 2015 by using multiple regression on a sample of seven private commercial banks. The results indicated that performance persists to some extent, indicating the existence of relatively fair competitive market in private commercial banking environment. Regarding the explanatory variables from bank-specific determinants, Capital adequacy (CAP has a significant and positive relation with ROA and significant and negative relation with ROE and EVA. In addition, ASQ has a significant and negative relation with ROA and insignificant and negative relation with ROE and EVA. Whereas ME affect bank performance (ROA, ROE and EVA) significantly and negatively. On the other hand, LIQ and BS affect bank performance (ROA, ROE and EVA) significantly and positively. Furthermore, GDP has an outsized positive and significant effect on both ROE and EVA but an insignificant effect on ROA. Therefore, Ethiopian commercial banks policy makers and managers should give high emphasis on CAP, ASQ, ME, LIQ, BS and GDP as these were found to have significant effect on private commercial banks financial performance. Key words: Financial performance, return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and economic value added (EVA).

Does Corporate Governance Affect Bank Performance? Empirical Evidence from India

Does Corporate Governance Affect Bank Performance? Empirical Evidence from India

Does the shareholding network affect bank's risk-taking behavior? An exploratory study on Chinese commercial banks

The shareholding network provides a new paradigm to describe the relations between banks and their large shareholders. This shareholding network can affect bank performance where social capital embedded in it can be explained as the functioning mechanism and can be quantitatively measured by centrality metrics in network analysis. Specifically, this paper attempts to examine if the shareholding network has impact on banks’ risk-taking behavior in the context of the Chinese commercial banks. Our results show that the degree centralities in the BS Net and BB Net reflect the two-sided effects on banks’ risk-taking behavior.

How Does Corporate Governance Affect Bank Performance? The Mediating Role of Risk Governance

This paper aims to investigate how bank governance (board size, board composition, ownership structure) affects performance (ROA), by considering the mediating role of risk governance (presence of a risk committee, the number of meetings of the risk committee in one year, the risk committee size, the percentage of independent directors in the risk committee, and the presence of a chief risk officer). A sample of 31 Italian listed banks is examined over a ten-year period (2008-2017), in order to delineate the changes in corporate governance structure and to catch the effects of the current national and European regulations followed to the financial crisis. Hypotheses are tested by applying a mediation analysis according to the causal steps procedure. The main findings suggest that risk governance fully mediates the corporate governance-bank performance relationship. Specifically, we find that the board size is positively related to the presence of a risk committee and to the number of meetings. The percentage of independent directors on board is positively related to the percentage of independent directors in the risky committee and, in turn, has a positive effect on performance. Finally, the presence of institutional owners is positively related to the presence of a chief risk officer and, thus, to bank performance. Summing up, banks with wider and more heterogeneous boards of directors have better risk management-related corporate governance mechanisms and reach higher performance levels.

The performance effects of board heterogeneity: what works for EU banks?

ABSTRACTWe examine the impact of board heterogeneity on the performance of EU-listed banks in the wake of the global financial crisis. In a comprehensive set-up, we consider standard board features (type, tenure, size, and age of board members) as well as board diversity features (gender diversity, employee representation, internationalisation, and age diversity). We propose a diversity index, which summarises the different dimensions of diversity, and control for unobserved heterogeneity and reverse causality. Our analysis uncovers a complex relationship between board heterogeneity and bank performance, which is influenced by market conditions and by national culture. Overall board diversity does not seem to affect bank performance, but it does decrease performance variability during the Eurozone crisis and in countries culturally more open to diversity. Different board and diversity features have a positive impact on bank performance (size, tenure, and employee representation); the relationship is non-linear, with the effect of diversity being more relevant when there is a significant proportion of minority representatives. While substantial board internationalisation has a negative impact on bank performance, the presence of foreign directors appears to be less detrimental during the Eurozone crisis and in countries that are more welcoming towards diversity.

Do board characteristics affect bank performance? Evidence from the Bahrain Islamic banks

PurposeAlthough most previous studies interested in Islamic banks have focused on quantitative aspects such as performance, risk and stability, this paper aims to deal with the institutional dimension and focus precisely on the link between board characteristics and bank performance.Design/methodology/approachBased on a data related to 13 banks in Bahrain observed over the period of 2005-2011, this study investigates the impact of board directors on the level of performance. To this end, the authors have used two empirical approaches. The first one is the panel data analysis with regard to random effect (RE) regression. The second one is the generalized method of moments (GMM) in system, which checked the soundness of the first result.FindingsThe result of RE regression indicates that the board duality is positively and significantly correlated with the bank performance for both ROA (return on assets) and ROE (return on equity). However, the board size exerts a positive and significant impact only when profitability is measured by ROE. The authors find that regression with GMM in system confirms the RE result exclusively for ROE. Findings also indicate that a financial crisis exerts a negative but not significant effect on bank performance.Practical implicationsThese findings are relevant to both policymakers and regulators. Islamic banks in Bahrain should grant more importance to the structure and the quality of the board to improve their performance.Originality/valueThis study aims to extend the existing literature by focusing about the role of the Shariah board in bank performance.