School Affairs Research Articles

Book review: Education and Christian enlightenment of the Chuvashs of Volga-Urals in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century: documents and materials from the funds of N.I. Ilminsky and Kazan Teachers’ Seminary (compiled by G.A. Nikolaev, R.R. Iskhakov; Cheboksary, 2023)

The review presents a description of the content of the collection of documents dedicated to the education and Christian enlightenment of the Chuvashs, who lived in the Volga-Ural region in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. The author highlights aspects of the topic that are most fully reflected in the published documents: state of school affairs in rural areas, interfaith situation in the region, living conditions of parish priests and school teachers, activities of teachers and educators N.I. Ilminsky, I.Ya. Yakovlev, N.I. Zolotnitsky. The review positively assesses the detailed scientific reference apparatus of the book. It is concluded that the collection of documents expands our knowledge of the daily life of the peoples of the Volga region in the post-reform period of Russian history. For citation: Kasimov E.V. Book review: Education and Christian enlightenment of the Chuvashs of Volga-Urals in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century: documents and materials from the funds of N.I. Ilminsky and Kazan Teachers’ Seminary (compiled by G.A. Nikolaev, R.R. Iskhakov; Cheboksary, 2023). From History and Culture of Peoples of the Middle Volga Region. 2024, vol.14, no.3, pp. 161–165. https://doi.org/10.22378/2410-0765.2024-14-3.161-165 (In Russian)

An Assessment of the Working Conditions in Enhancing Teachers’ Job Motivation in Public Secondary Schools Bunda Town Council-Tanzania

The study is based focused on assessment of working conditions of secondary teachers’ job motivation; teaching facilities in Bunda Town Council, Tanzania. The paper discusses the factors of motivation that can lead to teacher’s job satisfaction, Data were collected through questionnaires, interview and documentary review. Qualitative data were coded and transcribed and subsequently analyzed thematically. With regard to quantitative data: descriptive analysis was done including index scale measurement. The findings of the study indicate that one of the motivation factors is to have autonomy in decision-making and be involved in decision-making when discussing about school affairs, it is in this sense, teachers can feel that they are accepted and recognized by the administration and the community at large. As such, teacher can be collaborative among themselves and collaborate with the school administration and make the school a better place to teach. The study concluded that, when teachers are given autonomy in decision making and involved in decision-making, they feel that they are accepted and recognized by the administration and the community at large. It was also concluded that, teachers can teach based on the current curriculum and hence students become updated. Teacher feels comfortable when they are teaching a manageable class

Analysis of the effect of the operation of the school affairs support team on the satisfaction of teachers' school affairs : In the middle school located in Chungnam province

Analysis of the effect of the operation of the school affairs support team on the satisfaction of teachers' school affairs : In the middle school located in Chungnam province

About Some Aspects of Public Health Care and Socio-Cultural Sphere of Yugra in Extreme Conditions of the War

The subject of the article is the little-studied issues of the state of health care and socio-cultural sphere of Khanty-Mansiysk National District (1941–1945). The conditions and factors of changes are determined; the main tasks and their implementation in the studied spheres based on the introduction of new documents into the scientific circulation. In the center of attention is the analysis of the factors that influenced the financial, personnel, material support of the state institutions in the changed wartime conditions. The author reveals the existence of typical problems in the situation of health care, education and culture, ways of overcoming difficulties. Much attention in the article is paid to the analysis of facts showing the work of the health care system within the framework of the tasks defined by the People's Commissariat for Health of the USSR to protect the health of the population (children are in the first place), to prevent epidemics. In the state of school affairs, the discussion issues concerning the number of schools, the contingent of students at different levels of education, the problem of universal education coverage of children aged 8–15, the number and staffing of teachers are characterised. The material on staff training in the district's specialised secondary educational institutions is systematised, quantitative indicators and conditions of activity, teachers’ and students’ material and living conditions are analysed. The cultural sphere was financed on a residual principle, in fact, it deprived of the district centralised management, but made its best contribution to the solution of problems on cultural services to the population, being a transmitter of state-patriotic ideas. The author formulates the conclusion that health care, education and culture, despite the enormous difficulties of wartime, in general withstood the tests, fulfilled the assigned tasks, and as a very significant part of the home front, contributed to the victory in the hardest war of the Soviet people. Scientific novelty and practical significance of the presented materials are determined by the introduction of new archival documents into the scientific turnover, clarification and expansion of ideas about socio-cultural processes in the region, their theoretical understanding on the basis of modernisation paradigm and system approach. The obtained new knowledge, systematised and structured, can be applied both in scientific research and in the educational process, as well as in socio-cultural projects of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District. It is quite obvious that the interpretation of the history of Yugra during the war years as a rear area needs a significant expansion of the traditional topics and setting new research problems. It is necessary to pay attention to different aspects of life on the home front, including the social sphere. The complexity of the military era (including everyday life of different categories of people in the district: the main population, temporary (evacuees) and special contingent) requires the identification of peculiarities in their social, material and economic situation. There is a need to rethink the subjects related not only to the analysis of the effectiveness of the Party and state management structures in the spheres of health care, education and culture, but also to the legal situation, the real role of the ruling Communist Party, and in a broader context – to find out the key characteristics of the military-political regime and its relationship with society on the materials of the region.

학교행정가와 교사 간 교장리더십 인식 차이에 대한 예측 요인 탐색

Historically, investigations into principal leadership have been predominantly focused on the perspectives of teachers. However, criticism has surfaced, contending that studies exclusively focused on teachers' viewpoints inadequately capture principal leadership in an objective manner. Consequently, there is a growing call for a thorough evaluation of leadership that encompasses the perceptions of both school administrators and teachers. To address this issue, this study employed the random forest technique on the 1st year data from the Korean Education and Employment Panel II. The objective was to discern factors predicting variations in the perception of principal leadership between school administrators and teachers. Subsequent to this, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), school fixed effect model, and school random effect model analyses were conducted employing variables identified for their substantial predictive power through the random forest analysis. This approach facilitated an investigation into principal leadership factors influencing differences in self-evaluation. The findings indicated that positive perceptions among teachers regarding the relationship between the principal and teachers, the conduct of school affairs meetings, teachers' competency, and the efficacy of the school management committee were associated with a reduction in the divergence in the perception of principal leadership between school administrators and teachers. Conversely, a more favorable perception among school administrators concerning the relationship between the principal and teachers, the operation of the curriculum council and student council, and the competencies of teachers in the school resulted in an augmented difference in perception of principal leadership between school administrators and teachers. Based on above results, this study aims to diminish the perceptual gap in principal leadership between school administrators and teachers. Recommendations encompass encouraging teachers to perceive themselves as active members and leaders within the school organization, cultivating an awareness of their roles and responsibilities, and actively participating in problems-solving processes. Furthermore, it is proposed that school administrators should objectively acknowledge their school's functioning and relationships with its members, making concerted efforts to enhance communication within the school community.

Role of Information Communication Technology in Enabling Management of Day Secondary Schools

World over, the teaching and learning institutions have been redesigning their methodologies of service delivery using the modern and efficient platform if information technology propelled by the forth industrial revolution paradigm shift. The study sought to establish the role of information communication technology as an enabler in the management of secondary school affairs. The study sought to: Establish the availability of information communication technology (ICT) used in the day to day teaching and learning services at day secondary schools; Find out the status of day secondary schools’ principal’s current awareness on the use of ICT in the day to day running of their schools’ affairs; and assess the extent of ICT employability in the management of school records. The study employed descriptive survey and systematic random sampling drawing a sample of 110 respondents who responded to interview schedules and questionnaires. The study established that 49% of the teaching force in day secondary schools were had bachelor’s degree. On ICT integration, 87% of the sampled academic and examination departments conducted their activities through ICT processes. The study concluded that information communication technology is as an indispensable tool in the daily management of secondary schools, teaching and learning process during the 4th industrial revolution era of information technology. Finally the study recommended that schools should endeavour to retool teachers on ICT skills and competencies as enablers for 21st century pedagogies for teaching and learning.

LIBERAL REVOLUTION AND PLANS FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION REFORM (BASED ON MATERIALS OF EKATERINBURG ZEMSTVO)

The article analyzes the educational project of the Yekaterinburg Zemstvo - local self-government, presented at the 48th regular session of the district Zemstvo in 1917. The district Zemstvo bodies received from the Provisional Government the right to manage school affairs not only economically, but also educationally. About 350 educational institutions came under the jurisdiction of the Yekaterinburg zemstvo. The district Zemstvo government proposed creating a three-tier system for managing local, township and district school committees. These governing bodies were to be democratically elected and consist of teachers, representatives of the local community, local governments and public organizations. The government proposed to change the educational program of public schools in the spirit of the “school of action” theory. The work of the students themselves at the lesson was brought to the fore; the teacher was only asked to give direction to the independent work of the class and monitor it. Importance was given to learning “homeland studies,” which allowed children to independently study the world around them.

EFFORTS OF HEAD TEACHERS IN LEADING AND MANAGING PUBLIC SCHOOL THROUGH DEVELOPING PROJECTS AND PORGRAMMES

The paper explores how school leaders of community schools lead and manage schools through the development of innovative projects and programmes creating an engaged learning environment at school. A visionary school leader has a dream of creating an engaged learning environment at school, for which an unwavering determination seems to be a must. The head teachers of the study are found totally focused on their task with full commitment and dedication. They are launching different innovative programs and projects at schools adhering to the notion of innovative school leadership, thereby drawing the attention of the local stakeholders. Like the intent of the theory of flow, these school leaders as campaigners of transformation are immersed in the affairs of school delegating responsibilities to team members. The paper further argues for the need of leading schools proactively and creatively so to create a vibrant learning space where students get opportunities to demonstrate their creativity.

Impact of Parental Involvement in Children School Affairs

Learning institutions have an obligation to partner with parents in order to achieve competent performance in their learners social, cultural and academic life. In this model parental involvement is highly appreciated in schools, since they aid in accomplishment of an integrated education system.In light of the significance of parental engagement and participation in school-based events, this research we will examine the beneficial consequences of involving parents in children affairs, sum it up pioneering ethics for the strong relationship of parents and schools

Explaining the Role of Sociological Factors in Students' Tendency to Abuse Drugs Subject of Study: The Second Year of High School in Khalkhal City

The tendency of students to risky behaviors is one of the important social issues that affects social bonds, human capital and social health of students. This research has been done with the aim of explaining the impact of sociological factors on the tendency of students towards high-risk substance abuse behavior, using the theories of Durkheim's anomie, Sutherland's differential bond, Hershey's social control, Simen's social alienation. The research method, survey and data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the research included all second year high school students in the academic year of 1401-1400 in Khalkhal city, and the sample size was determined using Cochran's formula of 280 people.The findings of the research showed that the students' average tendency towards high-risk substance abuse behavior is lower than the hypothetical average. Inferential analysis of the hypotheses confirmed the effect of socializing with others, use of emerging media, participation in school affairs, parental relationship breakdown, and the feeling of relative deprivation in people's tendency to risky behaviors.

Relationships among school principals' work values, organisational climate and organisational adaptation: Taiwan's 2018 TALIS data

PurposeThe educational environment in Taiwan's primary and secondary schools is becoming increasingly diverse and complex. This study examined the relationship between primary and secondary school principals' working values, organisational climate and organisational adaptation.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from the third Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), which targeted 401 principals in Taiwan's primary and secondary schools, conducted in 2018 by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OCED). In this study, a structural equation model was constructed.FindingsThe results indicated that primary and secondary school principals generally had positive work values, and their schools' organisational climate and adaptation were positive. In addition, the work values, organisational climate and organisational adaptation models showed good fit for a variety of potential variables. Furthermore, the organisational climate had a mediating effect that strengthened the principals' work values and was a major factor in enhancing organisational adaptation. The results suggest that in addition to principals' positive work values, fostering a cooperative organisational climate—such as the perceived level of support from supervisors and the environment—is essential to enhance schools' organisational adaptation.Originality/valueThe principal's work value has a profound impact on the creation of a school's organisational atmosphere, the cohesion of members' consensus and the organisation's contingency decision-making in response to the external environment. This study adduces more diverse recommendations for the development of school affairs.

Internal Education Stakeholders’ Views on Parents Involvement in Public Secondary Schools’ Affairs in KilosaDistrict in Morogoro Region

Within contemporary society,parents’ involvement in public school affairsis achallengedue to various factors. The present study sought to explore the internal educationstakeholders’ views on parentinvolvement in public secondary schools’ affairs. Specifically, the study aimed to: (i) assess the levels of parents’ awareness of involvement in school matters and (ii) explore factors inhibiting parental involvement in schoolaffairs. The study was conducted at Kisanga secondary school in Kilosa District. It adopted a mixed research approach with the convergent parallel design.It involved 110 participants who were selected through purposive andsimple random samplingtechniques. Data were collected through semi-structured interview guide, structured questionnaires and focus group discussion. The findings showedthat parents’ involvementin school affairs was poordespite the fact that they were aware of theschool meetings and other eventsschedules.The study further revealed that time limitations,variedperceptionstowards teachers, life hardship, lack of awareness on the education policy and parents’ negligence were factors responsible forpoor parents’involvement in public secondary schools’ affairs. Based on these findings, the study concludesthat the government and non-government organisations shouldoffer community education as a mitigation approach for effective parents’ involvement in public secondary schools’ affairs.Lastly,the study recommended to the government of Tanzania to collaborate with other partners through community education to create awareness to every individual citizen on the importance of parents’involvement in school affairs. Keywords:Parent, parents’ involvement, school affairs, stakeholders.

The Relativity in the Absolute Authority of the Central Government in Religious Affairs

The legal policy of the regional government, post-political reform, puts religious affairs under the absolute administrative authority of the central government. However, the development of society requires religious affairs to also be taken care of by the regional government. We argued that there is relativity in the absolute administrative affairs of the central government authority in the scope of religion. This research aimed to analyze and identify the form of relativity in the absolute administration of the central government in religious affairs. Second, the advantages and disadvantages of the absence of certainty related to the absolute administration of the central government in religious affairs were discussed. The method used in the study was legal doctrinal research with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of the study concluded that the implementation of absolute government administration in the field of religion turned out to be relative, with the involvement of the regional government in managing and regulating religious affairs. This occurs in the affairs of Islamic boarding schools, hajj and umrah, zakat, and the maintenance of religious harmony. Second, there are advantages and disadvantages to the involvement of regional governments in carrying out religious affairs. Among the advantages, namely the financial burden and the activities of the central government in the administration of religious affairs can be assisted by the regional government budget. The weakness was in the regulation and implementation of the absolute government administration in religious affairs by regional governments due to a lack of understanding of the development of government affairs.
 Keywords: Relativity, Government Administration, Central Government, Religion

What are universities pursuing? A review of the Quacquarelli Symonds world university rankings of Taiwanese universities (2021–2023)

This study evaluated world university rankings in Taiwan. Media reports and the literature on world university rankings have focused on rankings, particularly in Taiwan. This study conducted a document analysis of the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) World University Rankings in Taiwan’s universities from 2021 to 2023, and explored two cases: National Taiwan University and Taipei Medical University, both of which are listed in the QS World University Rankings for sustainable development. First, the researchers analyzed the related topics of the world university rankings. Second, the researchers explored the position of Taiwan’s universities in relation to the top 500 universities in the QS World University Rankings from 2021 to 2023. Third, two case universities pursuing QS World University Rankings are discussed. Finally, this study found that both universities are improving their teaching, research, and internationalization based on the indicators of the QS World University Rankings and the development of school affairs. The universities employ international faculty, cooperate internationally on projects, developing cross-disciplinary research, strengthening innovation, and increasing internationalization and cooperation with research institutions, and attract foreign students for sustainable development. The findings may serve as a reference for improving QS World University Rankings and promote the sustainable development of Taiwan’s higher education system, and understand global competition among universities.

Exploring the Problems and Optimization Strategies of Class Teacher Management in Primary Schools

It is well known that the management of classroom teachers is of great significance to the building of classroom communities and the proper functioning of school affairs. The class teacher is not only the manager of the daily operation of the class, but also the facilitator of students' learning and healthy growth. However, in the actual practice of education and teaching, there are still many shortcomings in the classroom management of class teachers. This paper attempts to analyses the strategies of classroom teachers' management and improve the quality of their daily management through the interpretation of the meaningful value of classroom teachers' management and the analysis of problems in the process of classroom teachers' management.

The Construction and Realization of the Precise Funding Platform for Impoverished Students in Colleges and Universities Driven by Computer Intelligence Technology

At present, the state’s financial aid for students from financially disadvantaged families is increasing, and the number of students receiving financial aid is also increasing substantially. Poor students have to run back and forth to submit various materials while busy with their own studies, which causes a lot of inconvenience to students and teachers. The development of the poverty-stricken student precision funding platform frees teachers from tedious and low-end work and engages in core affairs, which improves the overall efficiency of school affairs and the controllability of information. In this context, this paper uses computer intelligence technology to realize the construction of the precise funding platform for impoverished students in colleges and universities (CAU) and completes the following tasks: (1) the research status of precise funding for impoverished students in CAU at home and abroad is introduced. (2) The SSI frame structure diagram of the funding information management platform is designed and the specific function description and detailed design of the relevant modules are given. (3) The module function test and system function test of the platform designed in this paper are completed through experiments. The results show that the system is very stable, and the functions are perfectly realized.

Improving Quality Education in Rural South African Schools through Shared Leadership Style: A Case Study of Three Rural Secondary Schools

This paper discussed how to improve the quality of education in rural schools in South Africa by advocating for the inclusion of community-based leaders (CBLs) such as traditional leaders, religious leaders and business leaders in school affairs by principals. The study was premised on the observation that principals lack the competencies and capabilities to share leadership with community-based leaders such as traditional, religious and business leaders. The exclusion of community-based leaders in crucial decision-making processes resulted in poor learner performance. The study was grounded on the assumption that sharing leadership expertise by principals would sustain quality learning and teaching culture in rural schools. The belief is that community-based leaders are the most respected people in their communities and therefore their voices can be heard when it comes to parent participation and combating social ills in schools. The study was conducted purposely in poor-performing rural schools whereby community-based leaders were excluded in school matters. A phenomenological study with an interpretive-constructivism paradigm was conducted to establish sustainable principals’ shared leadership roles for quality education. Data collected through interviews in three schools were thematically analysed and it revealed that: Principals lack competent and capable leadership skills to include community-based leaders in school matters. Also, social ills prevail which affect learning and teaching negatively. Furthermore, community based-leaders were only invited when there was a crisis and once the crisis solved, their input was no longer needed. Thus, the authors recommended that the Department of Basic Education could spend more resources on training rural school principals about the importance of including community-based leaders in crucial decision-making processes to improve and sustain quality education in rural areas. The authors also recommend ZiCBLs Model for the improvement of quality education in rural areas. Keywords: Shared Leadership, Community-Based Leaders, Competencies, Capabilities, Quality Education.

School – Parental Engagement of Filipino Women Married to Koreans: Inputs for Policy Formulation

With the increasing number of multicultural families in Korea, opportunities and challenges arise, particularly in terms of children’s welfare and education. The present study investigates the experiences of Filipino women married to Koreans and their school parental engagement. Through unstructured interviews, 13 Filipino women participated in the study regarding their involvement in school affairs regarding their child’s attendance at Korean schools. The challenges faced by the participants were also explored. Findings show Filipino mothers’ eagerness to attend to the academic needs of their children through various programs and activities. Responsibilities and challenges faced by Filipino women span teaching their children and academic monitoring at home, despite not being fluent in Korean. Discrimination and social exclusivity have also been reported as experienced by some participants due to their multicultural backgrounds. Inputs to policy formulation have also been proposed based on the findings of the study.

Practice of leadership competencies by a principal: case study of a public experimental school in Taiwan

Experimental education in Taiwan developed rapidly since the promulgation of the Three Acts Governing Experimental Education in 2014, after which public experimental schools were established in response to local educational needs. The majority of restructuring cases have involved small rural schools faced with high drop-out rates and staff retrenchment plus merger (SRM). Indigenous schools also initiated experimental education by introducing teaching modules on cultural responses to develop ethnic education that better reflects local culture. In metropolitan areas, experimental schools were established through restructuring for educational innovation or for coping with the pressure of competition from neighboring schools. The number of experimental schools and enrolled students has increased yearly, which reveals the expectations of parents about diversified education and their right to make educational choices. The school selected for this study is an elementary school in a metropolitan area that experienced an SRM crisis and was restructured as a public experimental school in 2019. The study examined the methods through which the principal transformed leadership competencies to leadership strategies. The school overcame the competition and SRM crises and even achieved full-capacity enrollment in Taipei city. Information was collected from the relevant literature and through interviews with the principal, a head of department, teachers, a parent, and an administrative official of the Bureau of Education. The study analyzed the leadership competencies and corresponding strategies of the principal and the future prospects of the school. The findings provided principals of experimental schools with a basis for sustained improvement in leadership competencies and recommendations for the future development of school affairs.

Representatives of the Orthodox and Catholic Churches from the Belarusian-Lithuanian Provinces in the State Duma of the Russian Empire

Representatives of the Orthodox and Catholic Churches from the Belarusian-Lithuanian provinces in the State Duma of the first and fourth convocations took an active part in political and legislative activities, influenced the development of the socio-political and socio-economic situation, both in the territory of the region and the Russian Empire in general. Due to the support of the deputies and the Orthodox clergy, measures were taken to inhance the situation of the Orthodox Church, to develop school affairs, and draft laws were developed to improve the situation of the peasant population. The deputies representing the Catholic Church mostly supported the rights of the church and the Catholics. For the majority of deputies, as well as the Orthodox and Catholic clergy, the period of Duma activity was the peak of their socio-political career.