Etiology Of Coronary Heart Disease Research Articles

The association of selected hair minerals and anthropometric factors with blood pressure in a normotensive adult population

Associations of hair mineral (Cu, Zn, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Pb, Cd, and Cr) concentrations with blood pressure in a young normotensive population were studied (N=74). Other factors that may be associated with blood pressure such as sex, age, and weight/height index were evaluated. Age and weight/height index were positively correlated with systolic and diastolic pressures in males. Weight/height index was positively correlated with diastolic pressures in females. Hair sodium/potassium ratios were negatively correlated with diastolic pressures in males. In females, systolic and pulse pressures were negatively correlated with hair sodium, hair copper, and hair copper/zinc ratios. Hair calcium/magnesium ratios were positively correlated with pulse pressures in females. Hair lead, chronium, and cadmium did not correlate with blood pressure. Partial regression coefficients indicated similar relationships for age, weight/height index, sex, and hair mineral concentrations with blood pressure. This suggested hair mineral concentration associations were independent of other factors studied. Standardized partial regression coefficients suggested in some cases that hair mineral concentrations had an equivalent or a stronger association with blood pressure than age, sex, or weight/height index. The negative relationship of hair copper and copper/zinc ratios with blood pressure is discussed in relation to the hypothesis concerning copper and zinc imbalances in the etiology of coronary heart disease.

Organizational Stressors and Heart Disease: A Research Model

This paper presents an analytical framework for examining the relationships between organizational stress and coronary heart disease (CHD). The model presented integrates behavioral and medical science perspectives of the etiology of CHD. Propositions emerging from the model and the reviewed literature are presented and managerial implications are discussed.

A prudent diet for the nation

Nutritional factors in the aetiology of coronary heart disease, maturity-onset diabetes, diverticular disease and dental caries are discussed. Four principles for a prudent diet are suggested, namely: avoid excess intake of energy, increase dietary fibre intake, reduce total fat intake to approximately 30 per cent of energy intake, take a high proportion of fat as the polyunsaturated form.

Stress and the Heart: Interactions of the Cardiovascular System, Behavioral State, and Psychotropic Drugs

This multiauthored book, an outgrowth of two international symposiums on biological psychiatry, presents clinical and experimental studies that deal with circulatory disorders and psychiatric illness. The authors are largely pharmacologists, psychiatrists, and pathologists, with only one cardiologist. The book is divided into four main sections, namely, coronary disease and anxiety, psychotropic drugs and the heart, stress factors in hypertension, and psychopharmacological aspects of the cerebral circulation. There is also an introduction by Hans Selye and a concluding article on the sociological aspects of the problem. The topics are diverse, and widely disparate areas such as emotional stress in the etiology of coronary heart disease and ECG changes with psychotropic drugs are included. The chapters on organic brain syndromes and circulatory disorders in old age and the effects of psychotropic drugs on the EEG in cerebral arteriosclerosis do not relate to the title of the book. The individual chapters are well

The National Heart and Lung Institute twin study of cardiovascular disease risk factors: organization and methodology.

The National Heart and Lung Institute undertook a twin study on the etiology of coronary heart disease and genetic relations underlying differential levels of coronary risk. Between 1969 and 1974, 250 MZ and 264 DZ male twin pairs aged 42-56 were examined. The examination featured a medical and family history, a dietary interview, ECG, blood pressure, weight and height measurement, a variety of blood chemistry tests, including complete lipoprotein analyses, and lung function tests. Zygosity was determined through 22 red cell antigens. A detailed interview dealing with the twins' relationships to each other was also obtained. Each of the quantitative variables was tested for the presence of genetic variance using the method of Christian. This method first tests the equality of the total variances of MZ and DZ twins by a two-tailed F' test. When the hypothesis of equality of these two variances is rejected, use of the among-component estimate of genetic variance is indicated. The current report discusses the organization and methodology of the study while accompanying reports focus on the genetic variance in blood lipids, blood pressure, and coronary-prone behavior patterns.

Relationships between anxiety, depression self-ratings and CHD risk factors among obese, normal and lean individuals

Psychosomatic interactions leading to the development of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) have yet to be clarified. This study explores further whether and how an important CHD risk factor, relative weight, affects the relationships between psychological and bioclinical parameters. A principal factorial components solution (linear procedure) and an extension of the median test (non-linear procedure) were run on the scores of self-reported anxiety (IPAT Anxiety Scale) and depression (Zung Self-rating Scale), the indices of anxiety expression style, and the bioclinical measures (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, urea and lip concentrations). The statistical procedures were carried out separately in the six subgroups which subdivide 1,694 male volunteers to a CHD detection examination, according to age (under- and over-45 yr) and relative weight (obese, normal and lean subjects). Results indicate that the relationship between psychological and bioclinical measures are specific to the subgroup considered: they are recurrent in obese and lean individuals, and more frequent in older than in younger subjects. The composition of the first factorial component is psycho-bioclinical in the under-45 obese subgroup; the second factorial component is biopsychological in the obese and lean, under- as well as over-45-yr old, subgroups. The expression style indices and the lipid concentrations are associated when the statistical method does not presuppose linearity. Present theories on psychological and bioclinical determinants of relative weight are reported, since the experimental data upon which these theories are based parallel interestingly the results of our correlational study. Indeed, both approaches suggest that cognitive factors, operationally defined by response tendencies and anxiety expression style, are different in obese and nonobese humans, and that these differences determine psycho-bioclinical relationships which are specific to these relative weight groups. Could these mechanisms of action be specified, an important step would be made in the understanding of the CHD etiology.

Coronary heart disease: the zinc/copper hypothesis

Epidemiologic and metabolic data are consanant with the hypothesis thata metabolic imbalance in regard to zinc and copper ia a major factor in the etiology of coronary heart disease. This metabolic imbalance is either a relative or an absoulte deficincey of copper characterized by a high ratio of zinc to copper. The imbalance results in hypercholesterolemia and increased mortaility die to coronary heart disease. The imbalance can occur due to the amounts of zince and copper in human food, to lack of protective substances in food or drinking water and to alterations in physiological status that produce adverse changes in the distribution of zinc and copper in certain important organs. Because no other agent, with the possible exception of cholesterol, has been related so closely to tisk, the ratio of zinc to copper may be the preponderant factor in the etiology of coronary heart disease.

Thickenings in the coronary arteries in infancy as an indication of genetic factors in coronary heart disease.

In Finland, mortality from coronary heart disease is high, and much higher in the eastern than in the western countries. Both left and right coronary arteries of 141 children who died under one year of age at the Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, were investigated. Thirty-two of these children formed a western and 41 an eastern group according to the birthplaces of their grandparents in Finland. Correlations were tested between this geographical distribution and some dimensions of the coronary arteries, as well as other clinical variables. The inner vascular layers of the left coronary arteries were found to be thicker in the eastern group (P less than 0.05 in analysis of variance and P less than 0.01 in regression analysis). No other significant correlations were observed. This association of infants having thick inner vascular layers in the coronary artery with a population group where mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) is very high supports the hypothesis that the thickenings are prearteriosclerotic. The difference found between the arteries of the western and eastern groups might be due to a difference in the vulnerability of the inner vascular wall to extrinsic deleterious factors. The association substantiates the existence of a genetic component in the etiology of CHD and supports the theory that two separate groups of settlers originally colonized Finland.

Relation between serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentration and haemoglobin values in non-anaemic healthy persons.

In a study of 2,458 healthy non-anaemic subjects a positive correlation was found between haemoglobin levels and serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. This may be due to simple changes in plasma volume, which may increase when the haemoglobin concentration decreases. Such an association between plasma lipid levels and haemoglobin values might be of importance in the aetiology of coronary heart disease, as a high haemoglobin value is known to be a "risk factor" in myocardial infarction.

Aetiology of coronary heart disease.

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 1, Issue 5 p. 241-241 Correspondence ÆTIOLOGY OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE First published: 01 January 1972 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1972.tb46784.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume1, Issue5January 1972Pages 241-241 RelatedInformation

The Air We Breathe

Etiology of coronary heart disease is an open field for theories. A modern wit remarked that we could choose any criterion—be it the number of bathtubs in one's home or the color of favored neckties—and build around it a statistical study which would bear some "significant" relevance to this disease. Patently an exaggeration, this observation may not be too far removed from the truth. Etiologic factors thought to be significant by their proponents can no longer be counted on the fingers of one or even two hands. Cholesterol, which dominated the etiologic arena for more than two decades, has now been overshadowed by triglycerides and saturated fatty acids and supplemented by minor dietary competitors, such as sucrose and coffee. Prominent among the nondietary factors are smoking, lack of exercise, nervous tension, and, of course, predisposing constitutional factors of hypertension, lipidemia, diabetes, and gout. To the list can be added drugs

THE MARTYRED MEAL

Before diet became suspect in the etiology of coronary heart disease, breakfast was a meal of invigorating abundance. Cream-drenched cereal, buttered toast, eggs, coffee, and, for those to whom the laws of Moses or strictures of Mahomet did not apply, bacon or ham—all were parts of a harmonious whole that might have inspired a memorable "still life." The picture underwent drastic changes. These began more than a decade ago when evidence from different countries pointed to the association between fat consumption and mortality from coronary disease. The changes continued with each new "discovery" in the realm of food-coronary interrelationship, and various components of the breakfast ensemble disappeared one by one. First to go was the egg, its very color betraying the offending cholesterol. Next went the fatty bacon and lipid-laden milk products, leaving behind them the bleakness of dry toast and the drabness of black coffee. Somewhat unexpectedly, sugar followed

Social and Psychological Factors in Coronary Heart Disease

Sociological and personality factors in the etiology of coronary heart disease were investigated by comparing all the surviving cases of myocardial infarction occurring in one year in white males aged 35-64 with an equal-sized age-matched series of seriously ill persons residing in the same county. Urban middle-class Protestants of Northwestern European stock were found to be the most vulnerable to the disease. Several personality and social characteristics were also found to be closely associated with coronary heart disease.

Aetiology of coronary heart disease in old men.

Aetiology of coronary heart disease in old men.

Coronary heart disease and xanthoma tuberosum associated with hereditary hyperlipemia; study of 30 affected persons in a family.

CLINICAL investigations concerning disturbances in lipid metabolism have opened a new chapter in the etiology of coronary heart disease. Recent studies have revealed an extremely high incidence of xanthomas and specific types of heart disease associated with hyperlipemia, especially hypercholesteremia. The earlier investigators were concerned mainly with the etiology of xanthomatous lesions of the skin and tendons. These deposits have long been considered medical curiosities, and even today little is known concerning their formation. Tuberous xanthomas were first described by Addison and Gull, 1 in 1851, but it was not until 1920 that Chauffard. Laroche and Grigaut 2 and Burns 3 demonstrated that there was an increased amount of total serum cholesterol in patients with xanthomas. In 1929, Wile, Eckstein and Curtis 4 stated that the formation of xanthomas could not be explained solely by the theory of hypercholesteremia and that a defect in fat metabolism, in which cholesterol undoubtedly