Architectural Aesthetics Research Articles

The Critically Designed Garden

AbstractThis article is concerned with design applied to gardens, using examples from the Chelsea Flower Show in London. There is a discussion of those show gardens that represented Syrian refugees’ gardens in Iraq and the Windrush generation immigration to the UK. The garden designs combine the aesthetics of organic materials and spatial architecture with an implicit critique of topical contemporary social issues. The article concludes by commenting on the risks posed by the reduced and impoverished UK arts education policies for producing the next generation of applied design practitioners.

The Aesthetics and Genesis of Architecture: On the Art of Building According to György Lukács

The Aesthetics and Genesis of Architecture: On the Art of Building According to György Lukács

Integrating illuminance and energy evaluations of cellular automata controlled dynamic shading system using new hourly-based metrics

In cooling-dominant climates, the solar heat gain due to sunlight is inevitable, and should be considered when designing energy-efficient façades. This research explores the potential contribution of utilizing monotonous-free Elementary Cellular Automata patterns as climate-adaptive shading systems, to be applied on buildings’ façades in order to mitigate the undesirable impacts by excessive solar penetration in cooling-dominant climates. It also presents a new approach for evaluating the daylighting performance and energy demand for the dynamic shading systems at the early stages of design. Grasshopper is exploited for parametric modeling of Elementary Cellular Automata patterns. The methodological procedure is realized through two main phases. The first evaluates all 256 Elementary Cellular Automata possible rules to elect the ones with random patterns, and to ensure an equitable distribution of the natural daylight in internal spaces. The computational simulations are then conducted in the second phase using DIVA-for-Rhino and Archsim to evaluate the performance of the elected Elementary Cellular Automata patterns that are applied as dynamic shadings. Based on the newly developed hourly-based metrics: Hourly Daylight Illuminance (HDI300/HOY), Hourly Sunlight Illuminance (HSI3000/HOY), and Hourly Energy Consumption (HEC), the adaptive façade variation configuration could be formalized that maximizes daylighting and minimizes energy demand. The simulation results showed that the adaptive façade outperformed the static shading configurations, and exhibited its ability to obtain adequate level of natural daylighting, while mitigated the undesirable impacts of excessive solar penetration, and maintained a minimized amount of cooling load and artificial lighting energy demands throughout the year. This developed tool can aid architects navigating climate-responsive façade designs in order to promote the indoor environmental quality in cooling-dominant climates, in addition to redefine the evaluation criteria to meet their local building performance requirements, and improve the architectural aesthetics and human health.

Faces of Modernity in the Architecture of the Peronist State, 1943–1955

Within the context of Peronist expectations regarding culture, the article examines three cases of architectural and urban projects that displayed various kinds of articulation in terms of promotional policies, state institutions, intervening technology, the urban aspects involved, and the architectural aesthetics proposed. The works are interpreted—with respect to their aesthetic forms and images and the political content they transmit—as materializations of the new order envisaged by Peronism. Each of the case studies highlights different visualizations or aspects of this new order. In conceptual terms, all of the characteristics manifested by Peronist cultural production were also observable in the projects of inter-war dictatorships, especially those of Italian fascism. Clearly, given the period in which Peronism came to power, it is anachronistic to locate the architectural programmes which it hosted within the political categories of ‘inter-war dictatorship’ or even ‘fascism’. Nevertheless, seen through the lens of these two categories, it can be shown that the ethos of Peronism falls within the framework of the fascist era, due to its promotion of grandiose visionary projects for national renewal expressed through the transformation of the built environment on a scale characteristic of the two fascist regimes. Such projects mythically elevated Perón and Eva Perón to the level of leaders of the Argentinian people, whom they both saw as an organic entity, socially harmonious, rooted in the history of the nation and, in international terms, decidedly placed the nation on the road to the “third position” pioneered by fascist movements before 1945 in which tradition and modernity were reconciled in a form of modernism termed by Roger Griffin ‘rooted modernism’.

The Aesthetics of Islamic Architecture and Heritage of the Egyptian Public Water Fountains

The Aesthetics of Islamic Architecture and Heritage of the Egyptian Public Water Fountains

Discussion on Design Methods for Protection and Renovation of Traditional Dwellings in North Shandong

Traditional dwellings in north Shandong act as an integral part of the Culture of Yellow River. Its value is being recognized by the society gradually. Many protection theories of historical buildings, architectural aesthetics, many cases of building renovation and protection have been proposed. In this paper, we explore and discuss the design methods in renovation of dwellings in north Shandong to find a new road for new rural areas in north Shandong, with remaining the architectural style and cultural tradition of traditional dwelling.

KINE[SIS]TEM’17 From Nature to Architectural Matter International Conference

With nature as a starting point, KINESISTEM’17 was the first International Conference held in Portugal aiming to share and debate research and design work related to the integration of natural geometries, mechanics and systems fundamentals applied to the scale, function and aesthetics of architecture. Four prominent guest keynote speakers set the pace of the conference: Manuel Kretzer, Alex Haw, Bob Sheil and Alberto Estevez. Gathering academics, students and designers, a significant set of research and practice works was presented and the interplay between diverse scientific fields was also a strong feature at the conference, with attendants coming from areas such as architecture, design, electronics, mechanics, computer science, biology and sociology. This report summarizes the KINE[SIS]TEM’17–From Nature to Architectural Matter International Conference hosted by ISCTE-Instituto Universitario de Lisboa in June 19th–20th, 2017.

Organic Urbanism via Collective Site Appropriation

An urban design studio conducted in Barcelona in 2016 put into practice the generative forces of organic urbanism. In a collective site appropriation workshop held at the outset, groups of students physically claimed land plots using stakes and fixed lengths of boundary tape, thereby designing and drawing a provisional urban plan at full scale. Throughout an iterative studio process, ongoing conflict and negotiated trade-offs eventually resulted in the highly resolved urban and architectural design of a neighborhood. The course demonstrated the possibility of simulating a genuinely organic urban design process consistent with theories of architectural ethology, specifically Evolutionary Aesthetics of architecture.

The Extent and Relevance of Aesthetics in Architecture

The Extent and Relevance of Aesthetics in Architecture

Towards Sustainable Aesthetics in Architecture

Towards Sustainable Aesthetics in Architecture

The Purpose of Aesthetics in Architecture

The Purpose of Aesthetics in Architecture

Aesthetics in Architecture

Aesthetics is the study of beauty and taste, whether in the form of the comic, the tragic, or the sublime. It’s meaning into gratification of the senses or sensuous delight. The best designs usually look good - aesthetically pleasing. Introduced into the philosophical lexicon during the Eighteenth Century, the term ‘aesthetic’ has come to be used to designate, among other things, a kind of object, a kind of judgment, a kind of attitude, a kind of experience, and a kind of value. This means that Aesthetics is a theory of the senses that investigates how people approach the world through their senses, either to gather knowledge about it or to enjoy and find pleasure in it. The subject also has a new relevance in the contemporary media, which is more filled with messages, information and sensory impressions than ever before. In the context of Architecture, term aesthetics to buildings and related architectural structures is visual design contribute to the shape, texture, collotype of material, symmetry and simplicity of the repeated pattern used in the design and design elements such as axis, line, landform, horizontal and vertical planes, texture, and scale to create variations of space and form. This paper explores the parameters of aesthetics and its relevance with changing time and context. In fact, it can be argued that all aesthetic judgments are culturally conditioned to some extent, and can change over time. The paper also reviews different forms of Aesthetics in art, music, performing art, literature along with understanding of Aesthetics in Indian Context.

Repetition and Textual Transmission: The Gothic Motif in Goethe's Faust and "Von deutscher Baukunst"

Repetition and Textual Transmission:The Gothic Motif in Goethe's Faust and "Von deutscher Baukunst" Jessica C. Resvick Act 2 of faust ii opens in the same setting in which the reader first encounters the title figure in part one of the drama. As the title of the first scene in act 2 announces: "HOCHGEWÖLBTES / ENGES, GOTISCHES ZIMMER / ehemals Faustens, unverändert" ("A HIGH-VAULTED, NARROW GOTHIC ROOM / Faust's former study is unchanged").1 While repetitions or "wiederholte Spiegelungen" ("repeated mirror reflections"2) abound in Faust, this particular instance of repetition is noteworthy for the manner in which it initiates a lengthy series of references to the Scholar's Tragedy of part one. Not only is a previous setting recreated, but long-forgotten characters suddenly return, and Mephistopheles and the pupil from "Studierzimmer [II]" ("Faust's Study"), now a Baccalaureate, even review their earlier conversation. Yet explanations of the significance of these returns are surprisingly sparse. Jochen Schmidt sees in the two opening scenes of act 2 references to the Middle Ages that allow the modern economy and the spirit of the Renaissance to burst out all the more powerfully on stage.3 Jane Brown, by contrast, makes note of parodic elements in the opening scene as well as a general emphasis on generativity, both of which foreshadow the remainder of act 2.4 While these interpretations offer insight into act 2 as a whole, they do not go particularly far in explaining the return to part one within part two. Why, for example, is it necessary to preface the "Klassische Walpurgisnacht" ("Classical Walpurgis Night") with descriptions of Faust's study, or of the pen he used to sign the wager with Mephistopheles? Why do the Baccalaureate and Mephistopheles discuss their initial encounter from part one? Do these scenes merely remind the reader,5 as though he or she would forget, that a wager exists between Faust and Mephistopheles, or that the Scholar's Tragedy began in this setting? This article endeavors to clarify the significance of the hochgewölbtes, enges, gotisches Zimmer by tracing the Gothic motif throughout Faust I/II and throughout two of Goethe's essays on Gothic architecture, both entitled "Von deutscher Baukunst" ("On German Architecture"). As I show in the following, the repetition of this motif illustrates how the Goethean model of repetition—"wiederholte Spiegelungen"—operates at the paradigmatic level [End Page 133] of an individual text and how it functions more broadly as a means of poetic production across an entire corpus, providing structural links both between discrete linguistic elements or individual passages and between whole texts. Furthermore, I demonstrate that this paradigm of repetition is connected in "Von deutscher Baukunst" and Faust I/II to modes of cultural production, such as architecture and writing, as well as to their medial transmission, with Faust II performing via its own publication the mode of transmission central to Goethe's architectural aesthetics. The operative concept of transmission here works on multiple levels. It has an internal dramatic significance within Faust and has correlates in Goethe's natural-philosophical thought; more broadly, it relates to history and tradition and occupies a central position in the poetic process. Rather than examining each of these registers separately, I discuss them together so as to highlight the importance of transmission across Goethe's oeuvre. Since this article takes as its impetus an instance of repetition, it is necessary first to clarify Goethe's understanding of the concept. In an 1823 text, which Eckermann later gave the title "Wiederholte Spiegelungen," Goethe draws on an entoptical metaphor to outline the manner in which repetition intensifies [steigern] some original content of memory. An internal image [Bild] is externalized and reflected ("abermals abgespiegelt," FA 1.17:370). The impression (Eindruck) of the afterimage (Nachbild) upon the recipient then awakens a deep interest in the past, which is subsequently represenced. "Hier entsteht nun … die Möglichkeit ein Wahrhaftes wiederherzustellen; aus Trümmern von Daseyn und Ueberlieferung sich eine Zweyte Gegenwart zu verschaffen" (FA 1.17:370–71; There arises here the possibility of reproducing something true; of procuring from the ruins of being and tradition a Second Presence). This same mode of...

Namghar: Aesthetics and Identity of Social Cultural Institutional Architecture in Assam, India

Namghar: Aesthetics and Identity of Social Cultural Institutional Architecture in Assam, India

Partial Prestress Concrete Beams Reinforced Concrete Column Joint Earthquake Resistant On Frame Structure Building

Floor Building that requires a large space such as for the meeting room, so it must remove the column in the middle of the room, then the span beam above the room will be long. If the beam of structural element with a span length reaches 15.00 m, then it is less effective and efficient using a regular Reinforced Concrete Beam because it requires a large section dimension, and will reduce the beauty of the view in terms of aesthetics of Architecture. In order to meet these criteria, in this design will use partial prestressing method with 400/600 mm section dimension, assuming the partial Prestressed Beam structure is still able to resist the lateral force of the earthquake. The design of the reinforcement has taken into account to resist the moment due to the gravitational load and lateral forces. The earthquake occurring on the frame structure of the building. In accordance with the provisions, the flexural moment capacity of the tendon is permitted only by 25% of the total bending moment on support of the beam, while the 75% will be charged to the reinforcing steel.Based on the analysis result, bring ini 1 (one) tendon contains 6 strand with diameter 15,2 mm. On the beam pedestal, requires 5D25 tensile reinforcement and 3D25 for the compression reinforcement, for shear reinforcement on the pedestal using Ø10-100 mm. Dimensional column section are 600/600 mm with longitudinal main reinforcement of 12D25, and transverse reinforcement Ø10-150. At the core of the beam-column joint, use the transversal reinforcement Ø10-100 mm. The moment of Column versus Beam Moment ∑Me > 1.2 Mg, with a value of 906.99 kNm > 832.25 kNm, qualify for ductility and Strong Columns-weak beam. Capacity of contribution bending moment of Strand Tendon’s is 23.95% from the total bending moment capacity of the beam, meaning in accordance with the provisions. Thus, the stability and ductility structure of Beam-Column joint is satisfy the requirements of SNI 2847: 2013 and ACI 318-11.

Nikola Dobrović - konkurs za pozorište u Novom Sadu iz 1928-1929. godine

In between the two World Wars, it was practice in Novi Sad, and in other cities across the country, to have open calls for the design of facilities which were deemed of certain value not just to their immediate users, but also to something we could call the overall architectural aesthetics of a city. One of them was the open competition with terms of reference for a new building of the Serbian National Theatre (SNP), which was launched at the end of 1928 and remained open for the first half of 1929. A large number of architects from over the country applied, including some who lived abroad, like Nikola Dobrović who happened to live in Prague at the time. The competition never closed properly and the idea of building a new theatre was soon to be abandoned. Still, what has remained is a description and a commentary by Kosta Strajnić, as well as visual evidence of some of the architectural solutions which were evaluated as most successful. The top of the list was a solution by the architect Nikola Dobrović, which in addition to evident quality and the first place in evaluation, was also marked as 'insufficiently modern for the Novi Sad environment' by circles that made decisions. The location intended for the theatre soon became a crossroads with many examples of modern Serbian architecture, which are today considered as classic pieces of architecture. Due to an intricate net of historic circumstances, Novi Sad thus remained deprived not only of a new seat of the Serbian National Theatre, but also deprived of a building by a great master of modern Serbian architecture, Nikola Dobrović.

건물일체형 태양전지 적용 건축물의 심미성 평가체계 구축

건물일체형 태양전지 적용 건축물의 심미성 평가체계 구축

Architectural Objects and Public Spaces Connected with Industry. A Contribution to the Discussion on Artistic and Aesthetic Values

The article presents the contemporary cultural landscape of the historical workers’ settlements, located within the current administrative boundaries of the city of Katowice. Selected building complexes are standardized in terms of typology and building design, but differ in terms of the conservation status and forms of protection. The aim of the discussion is to show the relationship between the artistic and architectural aesthetics and public spaces related to the industry. The subject matter is an attempt to draw attention to the problem of the conservation status of most parts of the historical complexes of residential buildings in Upper Silesia, their untapped potential and declining values.

Experimental investigation on downward flame spread over rigid polyurethane and extruded polystyrene foams

With the development of social economy and architectural aesthetics, flame spread over exterior thermal insulation system in real high-rise building fire disasters often features inclined downward or upward propagation, however most developed models for flame behavior prediction only assume absolute vertical or horizontal direction. Some researchers have explored the behavior of inclined upward flame spread for its quick development and hazardous characteristics. However, for downward flame spread over plastic polymers, theirs flame spread characteristics can also feature a special hazardous configuration, especially for porous and thermoplastic polymers. In this study, the orientation effects during inclined downward flame spread processes were thoroughly investigated by experimental and theoretical methods. Two kinds of typical thermal insulation materials were selected, rigid polyurethane (RPU) and extruded polystyrene (XPS) foams. The mass flow rate and flame spread rate at different inclination angles were obtained and analyzed. The different flame spread behaviors of RPU and XPS foams were scrutinized. Experimental results show that a linear relationship exists between flame spread rate and cube root of sine of sample inclination angle of RPU and XPS foams when the slope is smaller than a transition angle. The mechanism of orientation effect during the flame spread process was qualitatively analyzed in detail, and simplified expressions of flame spread rate of the two insulation materials with different orientations were deduced. The results of this study have implications concerning the fire safety design of exterior thermal insulation wall.

Gingival Enlargement Management in Bir Hospital – A Case Series

An increase in size of gingiva is a common clinical condition termed as gingival overgrowth. The definite aetiology is unknown. It is classified on the basis of aetiologic factors and pathologic changes. Both localised and generalised overgrowth are encountered commonly and patients are aesthetically, socially, psychologically and functionally disturbed until they revert back to the original contour. Localised gingival enlargement frequently is inflammatory and can also be associated with systemic diseases/condition (hormonal, nutritional, allergic, nonspecific conditioned) or neoplasic and sometimes false enlargement. DIGO is a well documented side effect with the use of anticonvulsant, immunosuppressant, and calcium channel blockers. Total 3% to 84.5% of subjects taking these drugs seem to have significant enlargement. Localised overgrowth are managed by proper diagnosis followed by controlling inflammation and other causative factors before surgical excision. DIGO is managed by drug replacement and surgical excision if required after nonsurgical treatment. Gingivoplasty of gingival margin is necessary to create self-cleansing and aesthetic architecture.