Aesthetic Flaws Research Articles

Effect of preharvest biofilm application regimes on cracking and fruit quality traits in ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry cultivar

BackgroundFruit cracking impacts the quality of sweet cherry, significantly affecting its marketability due to increased susceptibility to injury, aesthetic flaws, and susceptibility to pathogens. The effect of 1% biofilm (Parka™) application regimes on fruit cracking and other quality parameters in the ‘0900 Ziraat’ cherry cultivar was investigated in this study. Fruit sprayed with water were served as control (U1). Fruit treated only once with biofilm three, two and one week before the commercial harvest were considered as U2, U3 and U4, respectively. Fruit treated with biofilm three, two, and one week before harvest were considered as U5; three and two week before harvest as U6; two and one week before harvest as U7; and fruit treated three and one week before harvest as U8.ResultsIn both measurement periods, the lower cracking index was obtained in biofilm-treated sweet cherry fruit. However, the firmness of biofilm-treated fruit was higher than that of the control fruit. The lowest respiration rate was observed in U7, while the highest weight was recorded in U4 and U5 than the control. The biofilm application decreased fruit coloration. The biofilm application also increased the soluble solids content of the fruit. The U2, U3 and U4 applications at harvest showed higher titratable acidity than the control. In both measurement periods, the vitamin C content of the U2, U5, U6, U7 and U8 applications was found to be higher than that of the control. The total monomeric anthocyanin of the U3 and U8 applications was higher than that of the control. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the U2, U3 and U5 in the DPPH, and the U7 and U8 in FRAP were measured higher thanthat of the control.ConclusionsThe application of biofilms has the potential to mitigate fruit cracking, prolong postharvest life of sweet cherries, and enhance fruit firmness.

IMMEDIATE RESTORATION CUSTOM-MADE BY ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING ABOUT DENTAL IMPLANTS: PREDICTABLE RESULTS FOR PINK AND WHITE ESTHETICS

The definition of dental implant failure has evolved from focusing solely on lack of osseointegration to encompass broader concerns such as aesthetics. However, the criteria for aesthetic failure in implant dentistry are not well defined. Although several aesthetic indices have been validated to objectively evaluate clinical outcomes, including failure of an implant-supported crown. In this sense, aesthetic flaws in implant dentistry can be categorized into pink and white tissue flaws. This study aims to describe an extensive rehabilitation protocol where implants were placed using printed surgical guides and adaptations for bone and tissue grafts, facilitating restoration in the aesthetic zone. Key clinical stages and aspects are illustrated through the case of a fractured upper left central incisor, where an implant system was used for immediate patient rehabilitation. By highlighting these crucial steps and considerations, this study underscores the effectiveness of immediate implantation and restoration techniques in achieving optimal aesthetic and functional outcomes in dental rehabilitation

MTOR Pathway Substrates Present High Activation in Vascular Malformations and Significantly Decrease with Age.

Vascular anomalies often result in aesthetic flaws, pain, and impair the quality of life. They require challenging treatments that frequently do not provide the desired results. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is directly involved in the development of these malformations. However, the exact mechanism behind mTOR dysregulation has not been unambiguously defined. The purpose of this study is to investigate the activation of selected substrates of mTOR to partially assess its involvement in the disease process. We analyzed tissue samples collected from patients with vascular anomalies treated in our department. We included patients with histopathological diagnoses of lymphatic, venous, capillary malformations, mixed lesions, and a control group of healthy skin samples. We stained the samples using H and E and immunohistochemistry. We used primary antibodies against p70 S6 Kinase, 4EBP1, and p-4EBP1. We graded their color reactions. The statistical analyses were performed using the FactoMineR and factoextra R v.4.1 packages. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The analysis of 82 patients showed that healthy tissue vessels expressed lower levels of tested mTOR pathway substrates compared to high activation in vascular malformations. Elevated substrate expression in a comparison between sexes revealed higher P-4EBP1 expression in the female malformation group. We observed a decrease in mTOR substrate expression with age. The higher expression of mTOR substrates in vascular malformations compared to healthy tissue confirms their involvement in abnormal vascular development. Age-related changes in mTOR substrate expression highlight the need for timely intervention. Our study contributes to the understanding of the mTOR signaling pathway in vascular malformations and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target, contributing to personalized medicine.

AI-Generated Images for Speech Pathology-An Exploratory Application to Aphasia Assessment and Intervention Materials.

Images are a core component of aphasia assessment and intervention that require significant resources to produce or source. Text-to-image generation is an Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology that has recently made significant advances and could be a source of low-cost, highly customizable images. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of AI image generation for use in aphasia by examining its efficiency and cost during generation of typical images. Two hundred targets (80 nouns, 80 verbs, and 40 sentences) were selected at random from existing aphasia assessments and treatment software. A widely known image generator, DALL-E 2, was given text prompts for each target. The success rate, number of prompts required, and costs were summarized across target categories (noun/verb/sentence) and compared to frequency and imageability. Of 200 targets, 189 (94.5%) successfully conveyed the key concept. The process took a mean of 2.3 min per target at a cost of $0.31 in U.S. dollars each. However, there were aesthetic flaws in many successful images that could impact their utility. Noun images were generated with the highest efficiency and accuracy, followed by verbs, while sentences were more challenging, particularly those with unusual scenes. Patterns of flaws and errors in image generation are discussed. The ability to rapidly generate low-cost, high-quality images using AI is likely to be a major contribution to aphasia assessment and treatment going forward, particularly as advances in this technology continue.

The Cosmetic Deficiencies of Tengku Tengah Zaharah Mosque at Kuala Terengganu and User’s Perceptions

Architecture in Malaysia also suffer from cosmetic deficiencies due to various factors such as hot and humid climate, design flaws, faulty construction, poor workmanship, unsuitable building material and maintenance issues. Consequently, if this issue is not addressed and managed properly, it will be resulting to various impacts on users' perceptions such as aesthetic unappealing, sense of discomfort, users may perceive it as poorly maintained or of lesser quality and visual appeal may fail to create a positive emotional to the building. Therefore, the objectives of this research are, i) to observe the prevalent aesthetic flaws onto case study and, ii) to identify user’s perceptions on the cosmetic deficiencies. Mixed methodology was applied using a case study to Tengku Tengah Zaharah (TTZ) Mosque at Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia and online questionnaires were randomly distributed to the respondents who are been to the mosque for acquire their opinions and perceptions of the appearance of TTZ Mosque. The results have shown that peeled paint, cracks, and defect on plastering are most common cosmetic deficiencies on TTZ Mosque and respondent’s perceptions to deficiency were mostly fair or neutral. Although it is still not critical, it’s also important to address these cosmetic deficiencies to maintain the appearance of a building, building integrity and its environment.

Cryptotia – a case report and literature review

Cryptotia is a congenital defect that affects the upper third of the auricular cartilage which is being buried underneath temporal skin; underdevelopment of temporoauricular sulcus is also observed. The problem predominantly affects Asians andis relatively rare among Europeans. In addition to aesthetic flaws, cryptotia impairs the auricular function by preventing wearing glasses, face masks, or hearing aids. The defect is caused by abnormal attachment or function of the intrinsic auricularmuscles which are primarily responsible for the formation of the antihelix. Consequently, two subtypes of the deformity aredistinguished: subtype I, being the most prevalent and associated with abnormalities within the transverse and superiorauricular muscles; and subtype II, associated with abnormalities within the oblique auricular muscles, and leading to minorcartilage deformities. Cryptotia can be treated conservatively in infants of up to six months of age. The treatment consists inexternal corrective braces being applied to achieve excellent aesthetic outcomes. In older children and adults, surgical procedures are the most effective treatment option. Otoplasty as performed in cryptotia reconstruction involves the formation oftemporoauricular sulcus, the coverage of the resulting skin defect on the medial surface of the auricle, and surgical correctionof the deformed cartilage.

How bad can good sport be?

ABSTRACT I argue that ethical features of sport strongly interact with aesthetic features of sport, such that all pro tanto ethical merits/defects count as aesthetic merits/defects. This is a much-debated topic in the philosophy of art and aesthetics literature, in which recent critics have taken to task this interactionist take on how ethical evaluative properties interact with aesthetic ones. The critics’ main argument against this view is that far too many works of art than theorists of this strong interactionist kind care to admit either lack the evaluative ethical properties they claim for them, or their ethical properties do not appreciably affect their aesthetic properties. Sport, I argue, is a notable exception. That’s because in sport ethical flaws in athletic performances double as aesthetic flaws with very few exceptions, or so I will argue. Unlike artworks, therefore, the interactionist thesis holds mostly true across the entire athletic spectrum, which is why, in my view, it warrants far more serious attention and appreciation than it is commonly given in both the philosophy of art and aesthetics and philosophy of sport literature.

Inverted Moderate Moralism

This article contributes to the philosophical debate over whether and how different forms of value interact—more specifically, moral and aesthetic value. Whereas much of the debate has been preoccupied with how moral value might affect aesthetic value, this article explores the interaction from the opposite direction. To consider the plausibility of an interaction in this direction, I first expand upon Robert Stecker’s brief discussion of the reverse affective response argument. Following this, I propose an alternative description of an aesthetic-moral interaction that might be more accurately described as “inverted moderate moralism.” Inverted moderate moralism (an inverted version of Noël Carroll’s moderate moralism) argues that aesthetic value sometimes affects moral value; sometimes aesthetic flaws yield moral flaws in works, and sometimes aesthetic merits yield moral merits. I defend inverted moderate moralism as one plausible account of aesthetic-moral value interaction, but this article hopes to illustrate that an interaction in this direction is not only plausible but warrants further consideration more generally.

Complications and Side Effects of Botulinum Toxin for Cosmetic Use

Botulinum toxin, the causal agent of botulism, is employed in therapeutic settings for a number of purposes. Botulinum toxin injections address aesthetic issues induced or worsened by muscle contraction by controlling local neurotransmission. Therapy has a transient impact; muscle recovery is generally clinically visible a few months following treatment. Improper injection placement or toxin diffusion to unintended locations following injection might result in severe muscular weakening, which can cause temporary deformity or functional problems. Some aesthetic flaws, such as eyelid ptosis and a perplexing brow, can be corrected with therapeutic procedures. In other circumstances, progress is contingent on the botulinum toxin's declining action over time.

Pterygium management and comparison of different surgical approaches with supportive treatment in Rural Maharashtra

BACKGROUND: Numerous surgical procedures and changes have been ineffective in preventing the recurrence of pterygium. A prospective clinical observational analysis of 205 individuals with primary pterygium was conducted where patients were treated with various surgical procedures. The patients were observed for two to five years in order to examine the frequency of recurrences and consequences. RESULT: Patients were divided into four groups and treated using a variety of surgical methods. Straightforward excision of pterygium was the treatement of choice in group 1. Excision with conjunctival rotation pedicle graft was used on patients in Group 2. Excision and conjunctival autograft were used to treat Group 3 patients. Patients in Group 4 received excision and a 0.02 percent solution of mitomycin c drops as a postoperative treatment. Age varied from 22 to 58, with a median of 34. All four groups had an equal number of men and women. Hemorrhage, astigmatism, symblepheron, foreign body feeling, and a corneo-scleral ulcer were among complications that were reported. There were 12 percent complications in group 1, 16 percent complications in group 2, 6 percent complications in group 3, and 8 percent complications in group 4. Criteria for recurrence was defined as the regrowth of fibrovascular tissue or the appearance of an aesthetic flaw. It's 30 percent for group 1; 14 percent for group 2, 9 per cent for group 3, and 8 per cent for group 4. CONCLUSION: The least rate of recurrence was noted in patients of Group 4 who had pterygium excision with postoperative mitomycin c instillation, and complications were least common in patients in Group 3 who had pterygium resection with conjunctival autograft..

From Waste to Taste: How “Ugly” Labels Can Increase Purchase of Unattractive Produce

Food producers and retailers throw away large amounts of perfectly edible produce that fails to meet appearance standards, contributing to the environmental issue of food waste. The authors examine why consumers discard aesthetically unattractive produce, and they test a low-cost, easy-to-implement solution: emphasizing the produce’s aesthetic flaw through “ugly” labeling (e.g., labeling cucumbers with cosmetic defects “Ugly Cucumbers” on store displays or advertising). Seven experiments, including two conducted in the field, demonstrate that “ugly” labeling corrects for consumers’ biased expectations regarding key attributes of unattractive produce—particularly tastiness—and thus increases purchase likelihood. “Ugly” labeling is most effective when associated with moderate (rather than steep) price discounts. Against managers’ intuition, it is also more effective than alternative labeling that does not exclusively point out the aesthetic flaw, such as “imperfect” labeling. This research provides clear managerial recommendations on the labeling and the pricing of unattractive produce while addressing the issue of food waste.

Tool-ply interaction in the formation of waviness during C/PEEK consolidation

It is well established that fiber waviness in continuous fiber-reinforced polymer composites is a defect rather than an aesthetic flaw, as it potentially leads to a severe knockdown of the mechanical properties. Consequently, it is desirable to minimize or prevent fiber waviness during processing. This research explored experimentally the influence of tool material, release media and laminate size on the formation of in-plane fiber waviness during C/PEEK consolidation. The formed waviness was quantified and correlated to the measured tool-ply friction coefficients and thermal coefficients of expansion of the tool plates. This research provides additional evidence that tool shrinkage is the driving force for waviness formation in C/PEEK laminate consolidation. Furthermore, the formation of waviness depends on the balance between the coefficient of thermal expansion of the tool, the tool-ply coefficient of friction and the laminate size.

Nineteenth-Century American Women’s Serial Novels by Dale M. Bauer

Reviewed by: Nineteenth-Century American Women’s Serial Novels by Dale M. Bauer Melissa Gniadek Nineteenth-Century American Women’s Serial Novels. By Dale M. Bauer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. xviii + 172 pp. $99.99 hardcover/$80.00 e-book. Scholars of nineteenth-century literature are accustomed to thinking about seriality as an important aspect of print culture and publishing. We recognize that individual titles often appeared in installments and that this had an impact on the pace and narrative structure of texts. In Nineteenth-Century American Women’s Serial Novels, Dale M. Bauer sets out to focus on the careers of serial novelists rather than individual texts. Reading across the work of authors who [End Page 167] were popular and prolific, writing twenty-six, thirty-nine, fifty, or more novels over their long careers, Bauer compellingly recuperates the very repetition that has marked this body of work as simple or predictable. The serial novelists that Bauer reads often used the same plot points, character types, and even some of the same language across their work, but, Bauer argues, this is not an indication of simplicity or something to be discounted. Repetition across an author’s career is not an aesthetic flaw but rather how these authors secured a reader-ship and grappled with concerns facing the nation, and women in particular, by urging a sense of shared feeling. Repetition “enables serial novelists to recur to the ongoing vulnerabilities of women in their expansive narratives,” Bauer writes (1). And it creates a sense of urgency as it repeatedly depicts female pain and suffering in US culture. Serial novels, Bauer writes, “help readers interpret American experiences of pain and recovery” through their constant return to particular dramatic plots (94). E. D. E. N. Southworth exemplifies the type of author subjected to the reading practices that Bauer identifies and revises, and she is the subject of the first chapter. Many read, teach, and write about Southworth’s novel The Hidden Hand, focusing on its entertaining and subversive cross-dressing plot without considering Southworth’s other work. Reading across Southworth’s serialized novels and acknowledging the serial nature of her career, Bauer traces patterns of “moral insanity” through her plots. Southworth “returns, again and again, to the joys of responsibilities, the temporary pain of mania and insanity, and the necessary juggling of identity to fix the gap between private desire and public duty,” Bauer writes (31). She “favored repetitions of various moral insanities because they enabled her to experiment with the narrative means for overcoming them” (31). Recognizing the patterns that characterize an author’s career as Bauer does can provide new frameworks for reading the entire body of work of an author like Southworth, but it can also lead us to revisit a now-well-known novel like The Hidden Hand and to approach it in new ways with these patterns in mind. In chapters devoted to the less-well-known serial authors Ann Stephens, Mary Jane Holmes, and Laura Jean Libbey, Bauer similarly reveals how recurrent plots of family dramas, secret marriages and adoptions, brain fevers and brain surgeries, prisons, and work register what US culture, and women in particular, “feared and felt” across the decades when these authors were active (133). According to Bauer, “The accumulation of novels within these writers’ careers . . . produces a broader encounter with US culture than any single serial novel reveals, though each serial novel contributes its version to the whole of a writer’s array of novels” (133). Bauer goes even further than acknowledging the collective cultural work of these texts as they constantly return to traumas [End Page 168] even as they envision new possibilities, however. She also considers how the recursive serial structures of these authors’ careers keep readers coming back for more in a way that is about financial success for the authors (as Bauer notes, “repetition paid”), as well as the promise of transformation and change for readers (1). Individual serial installments or individual novels offer the pleasures of narrative closure as tensions are resolved, identities are revealed, families are reunited, or women are absorbed back into domestic certainty. But these resolutions are only temporary. An installment or novel concludes...

ОТ ЛАЗАРЯ ДО ПЕТРАШЕВЦЕВ: ВООБРАЖЕНИЕ СИБИРИ В АЛЛЕГОРИЧЕСКОЙ ПОВЕСТИ Н.Д. АХШАРУМОВА «ГРАЖДАНЕ ЛЕСА»

The article examines the phenomenon of spatial imagination in the plot and composition of the allegorical story by the critic and writer, member of the Petrashevsky Circle Nikolai Dmitrievich Akhsharumov. Turning to the most generalized Siberian topos and ignoring the numerous ethnographic information accumulated both in periodicals and in special studies, the writer constructs a dystopian plot, drawing on the novels by N.G. Chernyshevsky and F.M. Dostoevsky. Special attention should be paid to the polemic of Akhsharumov with the novel Crime and Punishment, which began in a critical article and continued beyond its borders, in a literary text. Akhsharumov begins his work from the point and coordinates where Crime and Punishment actually ends. When in a Siberian settlement, a gold digger and hunter, a former convict Lazar implements an educational project: he gives animals a language (according to the method of Robertson and Wundt) and law, teaches them the social principles of community and creates a kind of phalanstery. The social experiment gets out of control and ends in failure: “citizens of the forest” begin to worship the personified symbol of animal primal fear – the Great Fly totem. An uprising flares up to defeat a forcibly cultivated democracy, which yields to authoritarianism and totemism. By choosing the totem of the Great Fly, the forest dwellers finally lose their civic consciousness, appearing in their natural form and at the same time showing that there is no place for people, whoever they are, in their world (neither for life, nor, especially, for resurrection ). Like most dystopias, Citizens of the Forest demonstrates several phases of a social project: the formation of a civil society, its heyday and fall. Akhsharumov shows how the harmony of the animal world flings itself on mercy of one person and the word given to him; how the mass instinct (instincts of survival, reproduction, etc.) prevails over the needs of each individual (cattle or creature, as follows from the text). Citizens of the Forest creates an alternative value architectonics, due to which the life path of the protagonist, largely corresponding to the Old Testament, personifies the non-possibility of the resurrection miracle. The article attempts to describe not only intertextual links to political literature, utopias of Fourier, Cabet and Owen, dystopias in the spirit of Hobbes’ Leviathan, but also biographical lines associated with portraits of the writer’s brother, Fourierist Dmitry Akhsharumov, and M.V. Butashevich- Petrashevsky. Akhsharumov created space from scratch. Turning to the most primitive model of the Siberian text, and starting from strong texts (most likely, Voinarovsky and Crime and Punishment), Akhsharumov intuitively determined its two limits: a short novel, which begins as a story of the New World, ends with a descent into the kingdom of the dead. Siberia, which became a part of an ideological project and showed opportunities for a utopian perception, turned out to be reversible and easily transposed into a dystopia. Thus, despite the low aesthetic quality and numerous formal flaws, Citizens of the Forest remains one of the most significant evidences of spatial imagination, allowing to see in the choice of topos both ideological (from Icaria to Phalanstery) and conditionally biographical equestrianism (from family legends to political jokes). Siberia, as a space of imagination becomes the topos of an experiment continued by the writer in his fantastic story “Wanzamia”, directly replicating Cabet’s “Icaria”.

DEMÔNIOS DE ALUÍSIO AZEVEDO: HORROR E FILOSOFIA

O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em compreender a relação entre os elementos gótico, fantástico e naturalista no conto Demônios, de Aluísio Azevedo, no qual retrata-se a trajetória do narrador/ personagem, no Rio de Janeiro permeado pela escuridão e silêncio, ambientação notadamente marcada por lama, lodo e pessoas mortas. Além disso, busca-se apontar a posição do conto no contexto da literatura brasileira do final do século XIX. Para tanto, no primeiro momento, busca-se inserir o conto Demônios no contexto literário brasileiro do século XIX com o objetivo de destacar sua excepcionalidade. Em seguida, aborda-se como os elementos românticos, góticos e fantástico são construídos visando reforçar as principais tópicas do Naturalismo. Por fim, propõe-se uma interpretação alternativa às principais existentes no texto – como a exaltação do amor romântico e do escapismo –, as quais tornam Demônios como marginal em relação à obra caracterizada como canônica, além da crítica literária tomar sua construção como “falha de composição”, o que atrapalha a caracterização de seu naturalismo. A presente pesquisa conclui que os aspectos românticos não são subterfúgios estéticos ou falhas de composição, mas sim recursos estético-literários utilizados para ressaltar posições filosófico-literárias do próprio naturalismo.

Fatal Prescription

Abstract Ethicism is the most comprehensively defended answer to the question regarding whether ethical properties determine aesthetic properties in artworks. According to ethicism, aesthetically relevant ethical flaws in artworks count as aesthetic flaws and aesthetically relevant ethical merits count as aesthetic merits. In this paper, I argue that ethicism’s most significant argument, the Merited Response Argument (MRA) (and other moralist arguments like it) suffers from an ambiguity that makes it either unsound or uninteresting. Specifically, the notion of an artwork’s ‘prescribing’ a response, central to MRA, is ambiguous between merely attempting to elicit a response from appreciators as appropriate to a work, and endorsing a response as appropriate to relevant parts of the actual world. While the first sense of ‘prescribe’ does the aesthetic work, the second does the ethical.

Changing the focus of writing instruction? Relationships between stylistic errors and the caliber of argumentative texts written by Dutch secondary school students

The use of normative activities as a method of education for teaching style in non-fictional writing genres is a popular instruction technique employed in schools where the primary language taught to students is Dutch. Normative activities are used to teach writing styles in non-fictional writing genres. Students are burdened with the obligation of detecting instances of stylistic fault within the work generated by their peers throughout these projects. This responsibility spans the entirety of the assignments. It is unknown whether or not students would benefit from partaking in activities of this nature as a form of education; nor is it known whether or not such activities are currently being used. This is a direct consequence of the little research that has been carried out on the topic up to this point in time. The specific kinds of stylistic errors that Dutch students might commit, the nature of the connection between the existence of particular stylistic errors and the quality of the writing, and the nature of the connection between the existence of particular stylistic mistakes and the quality of the writing are all factors that are not well understood.&#x0D; One of the other features that cannot be perfectly expected is the relationship between the existence of specific stylistic flaws and the overall quality of the work. This is one of the things that cannot be precisely predicted. In addition to the other aspects, this is one of those that cannot be accurately anticipated. In addition, the link that may or may not exist between certain aesthetic flaws and the quality of the work is not entirely evident. This is because the nature of the relationship is not completely clear. This may be because the nature of the link is not apparent, which is why it is not entirely clear. As part of the work we are doing right now, we have made it a point to conduct an empirical investigation of these locations, which have received a surprisingly low number of academic investigations. The 125 argumentative essays that pre-university students in the tenth grade handed in were evaluated by the teachers using a process known as comparison judging. As a component of a task for the class, the essays would be delivered.&#x0D; In addition, a manual examination of these texts was carried out to determine the number of stylistic errors in the text. This was done in order to have a better understanding of how widespread the issue was. In this study, a wide variety of style-related errors, such as those that are common in textbooks (also known as the "standard category") are taken into consideration. For example, those that are prevalent in textbooks include According to the findings of multilevel regression analysis, only one of the stylistic deviations from the typical category negatively influenced the evaluation of the text's quality that the educators supplied. This was the case even though there were five different ways the standard category could have been broken. Even though there were not too many of these occurrences, this was nevertheless the case. This was the case even though many other styles significantly departed from the category regarded as the normative. This specific anomaly expressed itself using phrases that were not connected to or connected in any way, shape, or form. In the other group, the inappropriate use of question marks was the sole predictor that consistently unfavorably predicted the overall text quality. This was the case for the entirety of the study. This happened as a result of the widespread practice of making an incorrect use of question marks. This evolved as a result of the use of question marks to represent doubt in written communication, and as a consequence, it came into being. The completed model, which considered both of these facets of the data, successfully attempted to explain 11.1% of the observed variance in the degree to which text quality changed. This was accomplished by taking into account all of the data. Every piece of data was the key to success in this endeavor. The study investigates how these findings would influence the factual instruction provided and suggests that education might need to be redirected as a direct result of the findings. This research explores how these results will affect the training based on reality. The research examines the consequences of these results on the educational sector.

Regenerative Potential of Direct Adipose Tissue Stimulation: A Pilot Study on Skin Improvement

Subcutaneous adipose tissue plays a key role in the aging process of the skin: its vasculo-stromal component is in fact a reserve of cells with regenerative potential, able to release factors that stimulate cell differentiation in order to correct aesthetic flaws [1].

HISTORICAL INACCURACY IN FICTION

Abstract I ask whether and when historical inaccuracy in a work of art constitutes an aesthetic flaw. I first consider a few replies derived from others: conceptual impossibility, import-export inconsistency, failure of reference, and imaginative resistance. I argue that while there is a grain of truth to some of these proposals, none of them ultimately succeeds. I proceed to offer an alternative account on which the aesthetic demerits of historical inaccuracies stem from a violation of the conversational contract between author and audience. The key question is what that contract implies.

Philosophy

Three recent volumes indicate a growing appreciation of the significance and complexity of Plato's account ofmousikēin theLaws. Anastasia-Erasmia Peponi's edited work,Performance and Culture in Plato's Laws, collects fifteen diverse chapters by prominent scholars in Greek literature, philosophy, and culture to produce an immensely rewarding and original range of perspectives on Plato's treatment of performance and poetics in theLaws. As Peponi notes in her brief introduction, the complexity of the cultural background that Plato manipulates and appropriates in theLaws, as well as the intricacy of the Platonic appropriation itself, combine to present a very real challenge to any scholar seeking to understand them. In addition, it is hard to see that any robust treatment of theLaws’ political theory can avoid getting to grips with the fundamental connections between politics and performance established within the dialogue. Any reader with an interest in either Plato's political philosophy or his poetics will be well rewarded by time spent with this volume. The chapters are divided into four sections, which focus in turn on issues of cultural identity (‘Geopolitics of Performance’), the role of the choruses in Magnesia (‘Conceptualising Chorality’), theLaws’ treatment of genre (‘Redefining Genre’), and the later reception of theLaws’ poetics (‘Poetry and Music in the Afterlife of theLaws’). In the second of the volume's two chapters on cultural identity, Ian Rutherford considers theLaws’ representation of Egypt as a culture that successfully resists political and moral decline via a commitment to stability inmousikē. Setting Plato's account against the external evidence, Rutherford suggests that theLawsoffers a partial fiction of stable Egyptianmousikē, useful not least for the implications of its possible critical connection to Dorian culture. In the last of five chapters on theLaws’ interest in the civic apparatus of choral performance, Peponi demonstrates the singularity of choral performance in the work. Whereas theLawstreats most types of performance as producing pleasure in the spectator, in the case of choruses, the emphasis is on the pleasure and experience of the performers. Peponi argues that this shift in focus represents a Platonic attempt to ‘de-aestheticize’ the chorus. In this way, Plato seeks to rehabilitatemousikēby divesting it of the psychological and aesthetic flaws identified in theRepublic’s extended critique. However, as Peponi notes in conclusion, theLawsis not altogether comfortable with this sort of performative pleasure. In the first of five chapters on genre, Andrea Nightingale discusses theLaws’ manipulation of generic diversity in service of the unified truth represented by the law code at its heart. Nightingale presents a fascinating and original analysis of the law code as a written text rather different in character from that criticized in thePhaedrusas apharmakonthat destroys our memory of truth. Rather, it serves to encourage the internalization of truths by obliterating the citizens’ memories of previous unwanted cultural norms. In the volume's final chapter, Andrew Barker turns to Aristoxenus for help in making sense of Plato's suggestion that music can be assessed as ‘correct’ or ‘incorrect’, or as ‘good’ or ‘bad’. Contrasting the Platonic focus onmimesisand ethical correctness with Aristoxenus’ assessment of music ‘by the standard of its own intrinsic values’ (413), Barker suggests that, of the two treatments, Plato's is the furthest removed from general Greek opinion. These varied and illuminating chapters are representative of the scope and quality of the volume, which not only serves to open up new directions for research on theLawsbut also makes plain that theLawsis at least as important as theRepublicfor a thorough understanding of Plato's views on art and culture, and their relation to politics.