Aesthetic Enhancement Research Articles

Do Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Really Cause Harm? A Comprehensive Examination of Adverse Effects

Anabolic steroids, synthetic derivatives of testosterone, are frequently employed in clinical settings to address hormonal deficiencies and, controversially, in athletic contexts to augment physical performance. These compounds exert their physiological effects by activating androgen receptors, thereby stimulating protein synthesis, promoting muscle hypertrophy, and accelerating tissue regeneration. These processes are mediated through the modulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and the inhibition of glucocorticoid-induced catabolism. However, the unsupervised and excessive use of anabolic steroids, often motivated by the pursuit of rapid aesthetic or performance enhancement, is associated with a myriad of adverse health outcomes. Such complications encompass damage to the reproductive system, renal dysfunction, hepatotoxicity, cardiovascular pathology, and neuropsychiatric disturbances. Given their substantial potential for misuse, anabolic steroids are stringently regulated, necessitating that healthcare professionals remain astutely aware of their adverse effects to ensure timely recognition and intervention.

Dermatologist Driven Aesthetic Nail Enhancement.

Nail aesthetic procedures so far have been a neglected domain of nail medicine. With changing times, more people are getting sensitized towards nail enhancement; hence, there is an ever-increasing need for dermatologist driven aesthetic nail procedures. The management of various nail disorders takes a long time and might not be very rewarding with regard to complete aesthetic improvement. The aesthetic procedures can be utilized to camouflage and provide some relief to the patient. These procedures could also be a treatment modality for various common conditions like brittle nails, onychotillomania, and other habit tic deformities. The aesthetic procedures that we discussed in this article include nail peels, gel nails, and lasers for aesthetic indications. Many side effects of these procedures have been reported in the literature. This can be attributed to the fact that these procedures are currently being done at salons and not by dermatologists. Nail peels are a useful modality for nail surface irregularities and can be safely recommended. Gel nail technique is simple and when done by a trained person can be used to benefit patients with superficial nail plate abnormalities to improve their quality of life. The usage of lasers in the aesthetic improvement of nails is still in a nascent stage.

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Esthetic Enhancement of Enamel Hypoplasia in Upper Central Incisors: Clinical Case Reports

Abstract White enamel discolorations are frequent and can impact patients' quality of life. Enamel hypoplasia is a condition that affects the quality of enamel, resulting in a change in its translucency and color. Minimally invasive procedures of the slightly altered enamel are an effective treatment for improving the esthetic appearance of tooth discoloration. They contribute to a greater longevity of teeth and prevent them from relapsing into the repetitive restorative cycle. Two case reports aimed to show a sequential technique of minimally invasive procedures for treating enamel hypoplasia in anterior teeth. The sequential technique consisted of three steps: anterior teeth were firstly bleached in office with 40% hydrogen peroxide (Opalescence™ Boost™, Ultradent Products Inc, South Jordan, UT, USA), then hypoplastic spots on the buccal incisal thirds of the maxillary central incisors were treated with two sessions of microabrasion using phosphoric acid (Ultra-Etch, Ultradent Produtos Inc, USA) and pumice stone and finally resin infiltrant (Icon, DMG, Germany) was applied on the buccal incisal thirds of teeth in one session. The proposed strategy was based on masking the lesion by infiltrating the porous subsurface enamel with a hydrophobic resin that has a refraction index closer to that of sound enamel, after permeating the non-porous surface enamel through hydrochloric acid erosion. The masking of hypoplastic spots was done with this sequence of treatments and reestablishing color harmony. However, the clinical success can vary depending on the depth of white spots, patient's oral hygiene habit and compliance with post-treatment care instructions.

Autologous Fat Grafting in Hand Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Autologous fat grafting (AFG) has gained popularity in both cosmetic and reconstructive surgery, including hand surgery, due to its regenerative potential and dual benefits of enhancing aesthetics and function. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of AFG in treating various hand pathologies. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched for studies published between January 2001 and October 2022 using the terms "(autologous fat grafting) AND (hand)." Of 224 studies identified, 14 met the inclusion criteria. These studies were analyzed based on study design, pathology treated, type of AFG used, and primary outcomes. The review included 14 studies: 9 prospective/retrospective studies, 3 case reports, and 2 randomized control trials. Digital ulcers related to systemic sclerosis and hand osteoarthritis were the most frequently treated pathologies. AFG was predominantly used to address symptoms/pain (71.4%), with aesthetics as a secondary benefit in 21.4% of cases. The studies reported improvements in pain, functionality, and patient satisfaction. However, the variability in techniques and outcomes limited the ability to perform a meta-analysis. AFG shows promise as a minimally invasive treatment option for various hand pathologies, offering both symptomatic relief and aesthetic enhancement. Although initial findings are favorable, further high-quality studies are needed to standardize techniques and confirm long-term efficacy. The versatility and safety profile of AFG suggest it has the potential to become a widely adopted technique in hand surgery.

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Single-group Studies Assessing the Role of Calcium Hydroxylapatite in Aesthetic Enhancements and Satisfaction.

Many studies assess aesthetic effectiveness of calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA), with single-group designs as the most frequently applied designs in practice. This study systematically reviewed CaHA's effectiveness for aesthetic purposes among these studies. A comprehensive search was conducted across 5 bibliographic databases. Single-group studies with at least 10 human adults were included. Summary measures of patients satisfaction and global aesthetic improvement scores were combined using the generalized linear mixed model. This systematic review adhered to the PRISMA reporting standards. Of 3131 records, 46 single-group studies, majority focused on facial areas (n = 32), were included for final qualitative analysis. A total number of 27 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Findings of the meta-analysis showed that 98% (95% confidence interval [CI], 91%-99%; I 2, 0.0%) of patients were satisfied with the injection results in the facial area and 90% (95% CI, 67%-97%, I 2, 35%) in other treated body areas. Also, patients reported 89% (95% CI, 76%-96%; I 2, 65%) improvement on the global aesthetic improvement scale in facial areas and 94% (95% CI, 75%-99%; I 2, 0.0%) in other treated regions. Similarly, investigators reported global aesthetic improvement in 92% of patients (95% CI, 33%-100%; I 2, 92%) in facial areas and 95% (95% CI, 1%-100%; I 2, 89%) in other treated areas. Our findings showed aesthetic improvements and satisfaction following CaHA injections in both facial and nonfacial areas. However, studies focusing on nonfacial regions are limited. We recommend more rigorously designed trials to better understand CaHA's clinical effects.

Beyond Aesthetic Enhancement: Unveiling the Impact of Nasal Plastic Surgery on Patient’s Quality of Life

Background: In recent years, the desire to perform septorhinoplasty has increased in different societies, which can be due to the effect of this surgery on improving people’s sense of satisfaction with their appearance, and as a result, increasing self-confidence and increasing the quality of life in these people. On the other hand, in some people, despite the successful surgery from the surgeon’s point of view, the patient may not be satisfied enough with the new appearance of his/her nose. According to the conducted studies, several factors play a role in the patient’s satisfaction after surgery. In this study, it was tried to determine the presence sense of nasal obstruction before septorhinoplasty surgery and its effect on the patients’ satisfaction after surgery through three useful questionnaires in this field [1. black colour Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire that evaluates both satisfaction of cosmetic outcome and functional outcome, 2. Nasal Obstruction and Septoplasty Effectiveness Scale (NOSE) and 3.Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)]. Methods: Seventy-two patients were evaluated before and 12 months after septorhinoplasty with validated ROE, NOSE and VAS questionnaires. Results: The mean age of the patients was 28.59±5.74 years, of whom 69.2% were female and 20.8% were male. The ROE score improved significantly from 10.4±3.0 to 19.8±3.7 (p-value <0.001). The overall NOSE score was significantly lower (p-value: 0.002), and history of nasal obstruction was an independent factor for a significantly better NOSE score after surgery. Conclusion: Septorhinoplasty can improve patient satisfaction with cosmetic and functional outcomes, especially in those who have more complaints about nasal obstruction before surgery.

Enhancing the Aesthetics of 3D Shapes via Reference-based Editing

While there have been previous works that explored methods to enhance the aesthetics of images, the automated beautification of 3D shapes has been limited to specific shapes such as 3D face models. In this paper, we introduce a framework to automatically enhance the aesthetics of general 3D shapes. Our approach employs a reference-based beautification strategy. We first performed data collection to gather the aesthetics ratings of various 3D shapes to create a 3D shape aesthetics dataset. Then we perform reference-based editing to edit the input shape and beautify it by making it look more like some reference shape that is aesthetic. Specifically, we propose a reference-guided global deformation framework to coherently deform the input shape such that its structural proportions will be closer to those of the reference shape. We then optionally transplant some local aesthetic parts from the reference to the input to obtain the beautified output shapes. Comparisons show that our reference-guided 3D deformation algorithm outperforms existing techniques. Furthermore, quantitative and qualitative evaluations demonstrate that the performance of our aesthetics enhancement framework is consistent with both human perception and existing 3D shape aesthetics assessment.

Hyaluronic High Definition Fill Technique

ABSTRACTIntroductionAchieving a defined abdomen through traditional surgical methods like liposuction and abdominoplasty involves risks and significant downtime. Hyaluronic acid (HA) body filling has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative, offering immediate results with reduced recovery periods.Patients and MethodsThe high‐definition abdomen through HA technique (HHD) was implemented on young men with BMI < 24.9, excluding those with obesity or excessive skin laxity. HA gel with large particle sizes (800–1800 μm) and high G prime was chosen based on subcutaneous thickness. Injections were guided by ultrasound into the lamellar fat layer between Camper's fascia and Scarpa's fascia, targeting abdominal metameres for enhancement. Participants completed the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale.ResultsThe technique produced satisfactory outcomes, enhancing abdominal metamere definition. Mild post‐procedural hematomas and transient discomfort were noted. At 10 months, 71.4% of patients reported “much improved,” and 28.6% reported “improved,” per the GAIS questionnaire.DiscussionCustomizing HA characteristics and employing ultrasound guidance ensured safe and precise injections, minimizing vascular risks. Limitations such as HA's temporary nature and exclusions for surgical candidates were acknowledged.ConclusionHHD using large particle HA proved effective in achieving aesthetic abdominal enhancements with minimal risks and downtime. This technique not only provided immediate results but also contributed to enhanced patient satisfaction and self‐esteem. Further research is needed to explore broader applications and refine outcomes across diverse patient groups.

AlUla Archaeological Decorations Regarding Ornamental Accessories Using Contemporary Printing Techniques by Metal Surface Treatment

The research aimed to explore the use of archeological rock ornamentations from AlUla in designing and manufacturing decorative accessories globally, employing up-to-date printing methods on metal surfaces. AlUla is the place in northwest Saudi Arabia that boasts a very rich cultural tradition expressed through different forms of ancient rock carvings, inscriptions, and decorative motifs. These archaeological constituents represent a great opportunity for the integration of historical art forms with state-of-the-art design practices in line with KSA Vision 2030, set on cultural promotion coupled with technological advancement. The central research problem looks into how AlUla's cultural motifs could be adapted for use in ornamental accessories by employing advanced surface treatment techniques on metals. The approach followed in the research is descriptive and analytical to explore, from a theoretical viewpoint, the historical significance and artistic value of the archaeological decorations in AlUla. It further probes into an experimental methodology of applying methods of contemporary digital printing on metal surfaces. This will not only try to bring to light how these ancient symbols influenced the evolution of the decorative arts in the Kingdom, but also how present-day technology may revitalize these traditional designs for today's market. The findings prove that digital printing techniques are actually useful in producing very complex and culturally inspired metal accessories, thus proving the point of heritage meeting innovation. From this research, it is necessary to establish that it holds great potential for functionality and aesthetic enhancement of ornamental accessories to foster cultural heritage via contemporary art. It goes to recommend further explorations of technological advances in digital printing and applications within metal accessory industries for further emphasis on integrating traditional art forms with modern technologies of production for added value to the cultural heritage and commercial practices.

Effectiveness and Safety of a Hyaluronic Acid Filler for Chin Augmentation and Correction of Chin Retrusion: A Multi-center, Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial.

The chin significantly influences facial aesthetics, contributing to the overall balance and harmony of the face. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the hyaluronic acid filler Hyamax® Volumizer for chin augmentation and correction of chin retrusion compared to a no-treatment control. Participants aged 18-55 years with mild to moderate chin retrusion were randomized in a 3:1 ratio to receive either the treatment group (n = 150) or control group (n = 50). Evaluations included blinded assessments using the validated Galderma Chin Retrusion Scale, Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale for aesthetic enhancement, and safety follow-up. The Galderma Chin Retrusion Scale responder rate (≥1 grade improvement) was significantly higher for the treatment group (70%) compared to the control group (0%) at 6 months (p < 0.0001), and remained higher at 12 months (54.67% vs. 0%; p < 0.0001). Aesthetic improvement rates were consistently high as reported by both blinded evaluating investigator (≥89.33%) and subjects (≥91.33%). Treatment-related adverse events were mild to moderate. Hyamax® Volumizer treatment is safe and effective when injected in the chin to treat chin retrusion, with results lasting through 1 year. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

From Posts to Perceptions: Sentiment and Psychological Analysis of Aesthetic Enhancements on Social Media.

Social media platforms significantly influence public perception and individual behaviour, particularly regarding aesthetic enhancements. Instagram, TikTok, Douyin, Kuaishou, X, Sina Weibo, and VK showcase content related to various aesthetic procedures, shaping societal norms around beauty and self-image. Despite the prevalence of this content, understanding its psychological impact and societal attitudes remains underexplore. We analysed over 14.9million social media posts related to aesthetic enhancements from seven platforms, collected between January 2019 and January 2024. Data collection utilized platform-specific APIs and web scraping, focusing on relevant keywords and hashtags. Posts were cleaned, normalized, and translated. Sentiment analysis used VADER and machine learning models (logistic regression, SVM, random forest, and BERT). Psychological factors were identified using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and Bayesian modelling. Initial VADER analysis categorized sentiments as 45% positive, 30% neutral, and 25% negative, with an 85% accuracy. The BERT-based model improved accuracy to 92%. Positive sentiments peaked during Summer, neutral sentiments were highest in April, and negative sentiments remained stable. Psychological analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between self-esteem and positive sentiments, while societal pressure was negatively correlated. Younger users and females exhibited significant variations in sentiment and psychological factors. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of aesthetic enhancement discourse on social media, revealing seasonal and demographic sentiment variations and profound psychological impacts. These insights are crucial for practitioners in the aesthetic industry and mental health professionals to tailor strategies and support mechanisms. The study emphasizes the need for responsible messaging and realistic beauty representations to mitigate negative psychological effects. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

A New Era of Tooth Preparation and Gingitage Retraction Technique: A Case Report

The demand for procedures intended to improve dental aesthetics has increased recently. Preserving the teeth and surrounding soft structures to the greatest extent possible is preferred in this situation by both patients and dentists. When using fixed prostheses, maintaining the stability and health of soft tissues is a constant struggle. Bone tissue health and soft tissue health are directly correlated. The long-term efficacy of prosthetic therapy thus depends on preserving tissue health and being free of mucositis. This case report describes the successful application of the gingitage technique in a patient requiring aesthetic enhancement of the gingival margins surrounding dental restorations. The patient presented with uneven gingival contours and mild inflammation around subgingival margins of existing restorations, compromising both function and aesthetics. Results demonstrated significant improvements in gingival health, a more balanced gingival margin, and an enhanced aesthetic outcome. Follow-up assessments revealed stable gingival contours and an overall increase in patient satisfaction. This case report underscores the effectiveness of the gingitage technique as a minimally invasive solution for enhancing soft tissue aesthetics and supporting the longevity of dental restorations.

Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Strategies in Effective Abatement of Emerging Pollutants

The fundamental existence of any living organism necessitates the availability of pure and safe water. The ever-increasing population has led to extensive industrialization and urbanization, which have subsequently escalated micropollutants and water contamination. The environmental impact on various life forms poses a dire need for research in effective environmental management. Versatile technologies involving multiple approaches, including physiochemical and biological bioremediation strategies, draw insights from environmental biology. Metabolic annihilation mediated by microbes shows significant potential in the bioconversion of toxic micropollutants to tolerable limits. Environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable strategies are envisaged for efficient environmental protection. Phytoremediation technology, especially floating wetland treatments, facilitates micropollutant elimination, landscape management, ecosystem conservation, and aesthetic enhancement in diverse environments. The incorporation of nanomaterials in the bioremediation of toxic micropollutants augments novel and innovative strategies for water pollution abatement. This paper offers a novel strategy that combines nanomaterials to improve micropollutant degradation with bioremediation techniques, particularly the creative application of phytoremediation technologies like floating wetlands. Combining these techniques offers a novel viewpoint on long-term, affordable approaches to reducing water pollution. Additionally, the review proposes a forward-looking strategic framework that addresses the accumulation and refractory nature of micropollutants, which has not been thoroughly explored in previous literature.

Three-dimensional Stereoscopic Evaluation and Quantitative Gray Scale Assessment of the Nasolabial Fold and Its Application in Injection Therapy.

With the growing demand for aesthetic enhancements, particularly filler injections for nasolabial folds (NLFs), there is a need for more objective and quantitative assessment methods beyond the traditional subjective scales like the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS). This study introduces a novel evaluation method combining 3-dimensional (3D) imaging and grayscale analysis to objectively assess NLF severity and treatment outcomes. A total of 100 healthy participants (86 females, 14 males; mean age 41.85±11.53 years) were assessed using WSRS scores and quantitative 3D measurements. The results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between WSRS scores and gray values (r=0.985, P < 0.05). Significant differences in gray values and 3D linear measurements were observed across WSRS score groups, with high intra-rater reliability confirmed by intraclass correlation coefficients. In addition, 54 patients (mean age 42.9±8.9 y) with moderate to severe NLFs received hyaluronic acid injections. One month post-treatment, WSRS scores significantly decreased (from 3.74±0.45 to 1.63±0.59, P < 0.05), and significant improvements were observed in several 3D measurements. The average gray value also decreased significantly (P < 0.05), indicating a reduction in wrinkle depth. These findings were supported by representative photos showing patient satisfaction and no severe complications. This study validates the use of 3D imaging and grayscale analysis as reliable tools for objectively assessing NLF severity and monitoring treatment efficacy, potentially improving the precision and reliability of aesthetic evaluations in clinical practice.

Fixed Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of a Patient with Cleidocranial Dysplasia: A Case Report

Introduction Cleidocranial Dysplasia (CCD) is a rare congenital disease characterized by skeletal and dental anomalies. Clinical findings of CCD patients include low facial height, pseudoprognathism, unerupted teeth, an excessive deep bite, chewing difficulties, and unsatisfied dentofacial appearance. These patients’ dental treatments present a substantial challenge. Case Representation This case report describes the prosthodontic treatment of a 29-year-old male CCD patient using porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations. The avoidance of a surgical procedure serves to minimize the potential for complications and expedites the attainment of outcomes with greater celerity. Throughout the follow-up period of 1 year, the patient maintained good periodontal health. The restoration of masticatory function and enhancement of facial esthetics were successfully achieved and the patient expressed a high degree of satisfaction with the outcome of the treatment. Conclusion The use of fixed prostheses in CCD patients is a treatment modality that resolves many of the issues caused by the surgical approach.

Crescent Mastopexy With Augmentation and Hemi-Interlocking Circumareolar Mersilene Suture: An Innovative Approach

Introduction: Safety and patient satisfaction of crescent mastopexy and concurrent primary or revisional augmentation mammoplasty is controversial owing to secondary asymmetry and potential complications involving breast tissue and the nipple-areolar complex (NAC). The primary objective of this case series was to present a new technique that can achieve anatomic integrity and natural morphology of the NAC, while avoiding complications and minimizing scarring and hypertrophic alterations. Materials and Methods: Using white nonabsorbable 3-0 polyester mersilene suture for tension-free closure, the procedure was completed via intradermal insertion of the needleless end of the suture into the circumareolar NAC-skin junction at the inferior segment and an interlocking purse-string or spoke-wheel configuration in the superior segment, juxtaposing the NAC and cutaneous margin, thereby redistributing the tension line from the crescent scar to a circumareolar, cranially repositioned site. Patients were followed at 24 hours, 1, 3, 6, and 12 weeks, and 6 and 12 months. Postoperative pain was patient-measured using the Visual Analog Scale (possible scores ranged from 0 to 10), and esthetic satisfaction was determined by patient surveys (scores 0-5). Follow-up visits involved evaluation of scars, nipple sensation, nipple-areolar perfusion by capillary refill, asymmetry, and hypertrophic and pigmentation changes. Results: Six patients (ages 32-46) underwent 2 primary procedures and 4 revisions between January 2020 and March 2023 and were chosen retrospectively based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. One revision was completed using the traditional method while the rest were completed with the new technique. Surgical times ranged from 15:34 to 17:35 minutes, with patients reporting minimal initial and postoperative pain, high patient satisfaction, and reduced scar visibility. All patients reported postoperative pain assessments as negligible initial pain on days 0 to 3 (0) and 1 to 2 on days 4 to 7, with 1 patient scoring pain as 2 to 3. Scar visibility was minimal (&lt;0.5 mm), although 1 patient experienced 1.5 mm at 12 months. Shape of the NAC was maintained in all cases at 6 months, with 1 patient evolving to oval shape at 12 months. Patient satisfaction was scored at 4 and 5 at 6 and 12 months. No complications, scarring, or alterations in NAC shape or position were noted. Conclusion: This technique avoided resection of the mammary gland, achieved minimal tension and thereby preserved the crescent scar, corrected preoperative asymmetry and mild ptosis, proved superior aesthetic enhancement, and reduced complications compared with traditional methods. These promising results warrant further evaluation in a larger cohort.

Is Botulinum Toxin Type A Safe for Gummy Smile Treatment in Bronchial Asthma Patients? A Case Report

Background and Aim: The increasing demand for aesthetic enhancements has led to the widespread use of Botox for various facial concerns, including gummy smiles. While its efficacy in treating gummy smiles is established, the safety profile of Botox in patients with underlying medical conditions, such as asthma, remains relatively unexplored. This case report presents a patient with asthma who underwent Botox treatment to correct excessive gingival display. The study aims to demonstrate the potential of Botox for aesthetic improvement in this patient population while emphasizing the need for further research to assess its safety profile. Results: A two-week Botox treatment course successfully eliminated the patient's gummy smile without inducing any asthma-related complications or adverse effects. Conclusion: Although this case suggests the potential of Botox for treating gummy smiles in patients with asthma, it is essential to conduct larger studies to establish its safety and efficacy. A comprehensive medical evaluation is crucial before considering Botox treatment for individuals with underlying health conditions.

Eye-Tracking Insights into the Perception of Buttocks.

Aesthetic enhancements to the buttock region have grown in demand due to media influence and evolving beauty standards. Using eye-tracking technology, we sought to uncover subconscious visual preferences regarding the buttock aesthetic. The objective of this investigation was to assess visual gaze patterns in assessing female buttocks among Caucasian and Asians through eye-tracking technology. 67 participants viewed photographs of buttocks from various angles, and eye movements were analyzed using the Tobii Pro Nano eye-tracker. Males fixated on the intergluteal cleft for 0.96 ± 1.1s and the thigh gap for 0.07 ± 0.2s; while, females fixated for 0.81 ± 0.9s and 0.06 ± 0.2s on the same regions, respectively. Significant gender differences were observed in the intergluteal cleft (p = 0.002) and upper lateral buttock (p < 0.001). This study offers new insights into the observation of buttocks. The consistent attention toward the intergluteal cleft across demographics could be of potential significance in the aesthetic perception of buttocks. However, diverse gaze patterns also underscore the multifaceted nature of human attraction. These findings hold implications for plastic surgery, aesthetic medicine, and the sociocultural understanding of beauty. A deeper dive into aesthetic preferences is pivotal for a holistic understanding of human perceptions of attractive buttocks. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or the online instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Digital-assisted multidisciplinary treatment for complex occlusal rehabilitation: an 18-month follow-up case report

BackgroundThis case report highlights the importance of standardized and fully digital sequential treatment in complex occlusal rehabilitation cases. To fully resolve the patient’s dental needs, such cases often require multidisciplinary interventions including periodontal therapy, endodontic treatment, anterior esthetics, implant restoration, and prosthetic rehabilitation. A fully digital workflow (including facial scanners, intraoral scanners, jaw motion tracking systems, virtual articulators, and computer-aided design software) streamlined the complex treatment, enhancing workflow simplicity, efficiency, visibility, and precision.Case presentationThe patient presented with decreased chewing efficiency of the upper and lower prostheses, along with unsatisfactory esthetic appearance of the anterior teeth. After physical examination and radiological assessment, this complex occlusal rehabilitation case required periodontal therapy, anterior esthetic enhancement, implant restoration, and fixed prosthetic rehabilitation. Therefore, a fully digital workflow was adopted. Full-crown prostheses were placed on teeth 13, 23, and 34; a fixed bridge encompassed positions 32 to 42, and single implant crowns were placed on teeth 35 and 36. Implant-supported fixed bridges were constructed for teeth 12 to 22 and 44 to 46, anchored by implants at teeth 12, 22, 44, and 46. All definitive prostheses were fabricated from zirconia ceramics, chosen for their durability and esthetic characteristics. Finally, restorations with satisfactory esthetic and functional characteristics were seated, preserving the tooth and its supporting structures. During treatment and follow-up, the T-scan occlusal analysis system was utilized to continuously monitor and guide the adjustment of occlusal distribution across the patient’s dental arches. After 18 months, the patient remains satisfied with the definitive restorations.ConclusionsThis report is intended to help dentists understand and implement standardized and fully digital workflows during the management of complex occlusal rehabilitation cases; it may also facilitate harmonious integration of esthetic and functional characteristics.

Factors Affecting Patient Satisfaction with Double-Eyelid Blepharoplasty.

Blepharoplasty is a common surgical technique performed in individuals seeking aesthetic enhancement. Thus, it is essential to investigate the factors influencing postoperative satisfaction from the patient's perspective. In this study, patient-rated outcome measure questionnaires were used to identify the factors affecting patient satisfaction after full-incision upper blepharoplasty. This retrospective study analyzed patients who underwent full-incision upper blepharoplasty at an outpatient clinic in China. The questionnaire responses were collected by telephone, text messaging, or email at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. In total, 149 questionnaires were collected. After a mean follow-up of 23.23 months, the patients' overall satisfaction rate was 89.43%. The factors that significantly affected postoperative satisfaction were the patient's education level, the source of referral to the surgeon, the patient's understanding of the surgical risks, application of a cold compress after surgery as recommended, unsatisfactory postoperative double-eyelid width, postoperative bilateral asymmetry, apparent postoperative cicatrices, and postoperative caterpillar-like appearance of the double eyelids. Education level, apparent postoperative cicatrices, and postoperative bilateral asymmetry influenced the patient's satisfaction with the surgical outcome. The patient's understanding of the surgical risks, unsatisfactory postoperative double-eyelid width, postoperative bilateral asymmetry, apparent postoperative cicatrices, and postoperative caterpillar-like appearance influenced the satisfaction of the patient's family and friends. Postoperative bilateral asymmetry, apparent postoperative cicatrices, and a low education level of the patient are independent factors that negatively affect patient satisfaction with the outcome of double-eyelid blepharoplasty. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .