AES Encryption Algorithm Research Articles

Security and data encryption effect of high ciphertext based on improved RC6 algorithm for WSN

Along with the continuous growth and improvement of computer and communication technologies, wireless sensors are needed in more and more places to fulfil specific tasks. A lightweight data encryption mechanism is designed for the limited processing power, storage space and energy of wireless sensor networks. The mechanism improves the RC6 algorithm and adds the “symmetric layer” operation. In order to further improve the security of the ciphertext and the strength of the data encryption, the AES-128 encryption algorithm is used in the data link layer, the network layer, and the application layer, respectively. The experiment is based on the STM32L series of ultra-low-power ARM processors, and the operating frequency of the STM32L controller is tuned to 64 MHz to obtain faster efficiency; three groups of experiments on the encryption mechanism are carried out by using the original RC6 algorithm and the improved algorithm, and the lengths of the keys used in the experiments are 16 bytes, 24 bytes, and 32 bytes, respectively, and the data-receiving and transmitting functions are tested separately. This avoids the delay of transceiver mode switching when using a single module for communication, and improves the quality and stability of multi-machine bidirectional communication.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Masking and Encryption in Safeguarding the Identity of Social Media Publishers from Advanced Metadata Analysis

Machine learning algorithms, such as KNN, SVM, MLP, RF, and MLR, are used to extract valuable information from shared digital data on social media platforms through their APIs in an effort to identify anonymous publishers or online users. This can leave these anonymous publishers vulnerable to privacy-related attacks, as identifying information can be revealed. Twitter is an example of such a platform where identifying anonymous users/publishers is made possible by using machine learning techniques. To provide these anonymous users with stronger protection, we have examined the effectiveness of these techniques when critical fields in the metadata are masked or encrypted using tweets (text and images) from Twitter. Our results show that SVM achieved the highest accuracy rate of 95.81% without using data masking or encryption, while SVM achieved the highest identity recognition rate of 50.24% when using data masking and AES encryption algorithm. This indicates that data masking and encryption of metadata of tweets (text and images) can provide promising protection for the anonymity of users’ identities.

Locality-based electromagnetic leakage assessment using CNN

Deep learning side-channel analysis (SCA) attacks have recently gained in popularity. The ability of deep learning models to retrieve a key byte while minimizing the need for pre-processing steps in both cases of misaligned traces and when the leakage model is multivariate has contributed to the popularity gain. Near-field electromagnetic (EM) probes have enabled leakage capture with high spatial resolution, and the field of deep learning side-channel research looks to find models which reduce the required number of leakage traces to retrieve a key byte successfully. However, despite the many papers researching techniques to reduce the number of traces required for a successful attack, location-based research for EM SCA remains untouched. Due to the nature of EM probes and the architecture of different boards and chips, the location of the collection probe becomes important when attempting to extract the secret key within a reasonable timeframe and with a level of certainty in the result. Our contribution is a framework to determine the best location to assess localized EM leakage against a given chip platform. We use a raster scan to collect localized leakage results at 25 points in a 5x5 grid pattern on a ChipWhisperer Lite XMEGA board running an open-source implementation of the AES-128 encryption algorithm. We demonstrate the use of our framework to locate the best points for an attacker to execute a profiling attack by identifying the grid point with the most detectable leakage for a chip platform. We further execute a smaller localized 25-point raster scan in a grid over the identified location to further refine our estimate of the optimal collection location. We then demonstrate that this location can be used to execute a side-channel profiling attack against the same chip architecture and will result in a lower number of traces required to retrieve the key byte.

Peer-to-Peer User Identity Verification Time Optimization in IoT Blockchain Network.

Blockchain introduces challenges related to the reliability of user identity and identity management systems; this includes detecting unfalsified identities linked to IoT applications. This study focuses on optimizing user identity verification time by employing an efficient encryption algorithm for the user signature in a peer-to-peer decentralized IoT blockchain network. To achieve this, a user signature-based identity management framework is examined by using various encryption techniques and contrasting various hash functions built on top of the Modified Merkle Hash Tree (MMHT) data structure algorithm. The paper presents the execution of varying dataset sizes based on transactions between nodes to test the scalability of the proposed design for secure blockchain communication. The results show that the MMHT data structure algorithm using SHA3 and AES-128 encryption algorithm gives the lowest execution time, offering a minimum of 36% gain in time optimization compared to other algorithms. This work shows that using the AES-128 encryption algorithm with the MMHT algorithm and SHA3 hash function not only identifies malicious codes but also improves user integrity check performance in a blockchain network, while ensuring network scalability. Therefore, this study presents the performance evaluation of a blockchain network considering its distinct types, properties, components, and algorithms' taxonomy.

Study and Design of Privacy-Preserving Range Query Protocol in Sensor Networks Based on the Integration Reversal 0-1 Encoding with Bloom Filter

In the current research on data query for two-tiered WSN, the privacy-preservation range query is one of the hotspots. However, there are some problems in the existing researches in two-tiered wireless sensor networks such as high computational and communication costs for security comparison items and high energy consumption of sensing nodes. In this paper, a privacy-preservation range query protocol based on the integration reversal 0-1 encoding with Bloom filter is researched and designed. In the sensing data submission stage, the optimized reversal 0-1 encoding, HMAC algorithm, AES encryption algorithm and variable-length Bloom filter are used for generating the maximum–minimum comparison encoding and constructing a shorter verification index chain to reduce computational and communication costs of sensing nodes; in the private data range query stage, the base station uses the HMAC algorithm to convert the plaintext query range into the ciphertext query range and sends it to the storage node. In the storage node, the bitmap encoding information of the verification index chain is calculated with the comparison rule of the reversal 0-1 encoding and it is returned to the base station together with the verification index chain and the data ciphertext that compliance with the query rule; in the data integrity verification stage, the integrity of the query results using the verification index chain and bitmap encoding is verified at the base station. In the experimental section, the Cortex-M4 development board equipped with the Alios-Things operating system as sensing node and the Cortex-A9 development board equipped with the Linux operating system as storage node are implemented in this protocol, which is compared with the existing protocols in three aspects: the number of data collected in each cycle, the length of data and the number of data dimensions. The experimental results show that the energy consumption of this protocol is lower under the same experimental environment.

Retracted: Optimization of AES-128 Encryption Algorithm for Security Layer in ZigBee Networking of Internet of Things.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/8424100.].

CCALK: (When) CVA6 Cache Associativity Leaks the Key

In this work, we study an end-to-end implementation of a Prime + Probe covert channel on the CVA6 RISC-V processor implemented on a FPGA target and running a Linux OS. We develop the building blocks of the covert channel and provide a detailed view of its behavior and effectiveness. We propose a realistic scenario for extracting information of an AES-128 encryption algorithm implementation. Throughout this work, we discuss the challenges brought by the presence of a running OS while carrying out a micro architectural covert channel. This includes the effects of having other running processes, unwanted cache evictions and the OS’ timing behavior. We also propose an analysis of the relationship between the data cache’s characteristics and the developed covert channel’s capacity to extract information. According to the results of our experimentations, we present guidelines on how to build and configure a micro architectural covert channel resilient cache in a mono-core mono-thread scenario.

AES Based White Box Cryptography in Digital Signature Verification

According to the standard paradigm, white box cryptographic primitives are used to block black box attacks and protect sensitive information. This is performed to safeguard the protected information and keys against black box assaults. An adversary in such a setting is aware of the method and can analyze many system inputs and outputs, but is blind to the specifics of how a critical instantiation primitive is implemented. This is the focus of white-box solutions, which are designed to withstand attacks that come from the execution environment. This is significant because an attacker may obtain unrestricted access to the program's execution in this environment. The purpose of this article is to assess the efficiency of white-box implementations in terms of security. Our contribution is twofold: first, we explore the practical implementations of white-box approaches, and second, we analyze the theoretical foundations upon which these implementations are built. First, a research proposal is crafted that details white-box applications of DES and AES encryption algorithms. To begin, this preparation is necessary. The research effort planned for this project also includes cryptanalysis of these techniques. Once the general cryptanalysis results have been examined, the white-box design approaches will be covered. We have decided to launch an investigation into creating a theoretical model for white box, since no prior formal definitions have been offered, and suggested implementations have not been accompanied by any assurance of security. This is due to the fact that no formal definition of "white box" has ever been provided. In this way lies the explanation for why this is the situation. We define WBC to encompass the security requirements of WBC specified over a white box cryptography technology and a security concept by studying formal models of obfuscation and shown security. This definition is the product of extensive investigation. This state-of-the-art theoretical model provides a setting in which to investigate the security of white-box implementations, leading to a wide range of positive and negative conclusions. As a result, this paper includes the results of a Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) study which may be put to use in the real world with signature verification. Possible future applications of White Box Cryptography (WBC) research findings are discussed in light of these purposes and areas of investigation.

An Improved Privacy Protection Algorithm for Multimodal Data Fusion

With the rapid development of Internet technology, the use and sharing of data have brought great opportunities and challenges to mankind. On the one hand, the development of data sharing and analysis technology has promoted the improvement of economic and social benefits. On the other hand, protecting private information has become an urgent issue in the Internet era. In addition, the amount and type of information data are also increasing. At present, most algorithms can only encrypt a single type of small-scale data, which cannot meet the current data environment. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the privacy protection algorithm of multimodal data fusion. To improve the security of privacy protection algorithm, combined with the idea of multimode, this paper combines the improved traditional spatial steganography algorithm LSB matching method and the improved traditional transform domain steganography algorithm DCT with AES encryption algorithm after modifying the S-box and then combines it with image stitching technology, so as to realize a safe and reliable privacy protection algorithm of multimode information fusion. The algorithm completes the hidden communication of private information, which not only ensures that the receiver can accurately recover private information in the process of information transmission but also greatly improves the security of private information transmission.

A Proficient Privacy Protection Method for Cloud Computing

With the rapid development of Cloud computing, further Cloud services are into our diurnal life, and therefore security protection of Cloud services, especially data sequestration protection, becomes more important. Still to perform sequestration protection causes a huge outflow. Therefore, it's a critical issue to perform the most suitable protection to decline performance consumption while giving sequestration protection. In this design, the Complete Sequestration Protection Scheme (PPPS) is proposed to give the applicable sequestration protection which is satisfying stoner-demanded sequestration demand and maintains system performance contemporaneously. At first, the sequestration position is anatomized by druggies those bear and quantify the security degree and performance of 3DES and AES encryption algorithms. Also, relevant security creation is deduced by the output of analysis and quantified data. Eventually, the simulation results show that they not only fulfill stoner-demand and sequestration but also maintain the Cloud system performance in different Cloud surrounding

Side Channel Analysis of SPECK Based on Transfer Learning.

Although side-channel attacks based on deep learning are widely used in AES encryption algorithms, there is little research on lightweight algorithms. Lightweight algorithms have fewer nonlinear operations, so it is more difficult to attack successfully. Taking SPECK, a typical lightweight encryption algorithm, as an example, directly selecting the initial key as the label can only crack the first 16-bit key. In this regard, we evaluate the leakage of SPECK’s operations (modular addition, XOR, shift), and finally select the result of XOR operation as the label, and successfully recover the last 48-bit key. Usually, the divide and conquer method often used in side-channel attacks not only needs to train multiple models, but also the different bytes of the key are regarded as unrelated individuals. Through the visualization method, we found that different key bytes overlap in the position of the complete electromagnetic leakage signal. That is, when SPECK generates a round key, there is a connection between different bytes of the key. In this regard, we propose a transfer learning method for different byte keys. This method can take advantage of the similarity of key bytes, improve the performance starting-point of the model, and reduce the convergence time of the model by 50%.

Research on Enterprise Financial Accounting Information Security Model Based on Big Data

Powered by the rapid development of the information age, big data technology has had a great impact on China’s socialist economic development. Big data technology is integrated into all fields of nowadays society, especially in the accounting industry of enterprises. Accounting computerization quickly replaces the traditional manual bookkeeping, realizes the timeliness and accuracy of accounting information data processing, and improves the work efficiency and quality of accounting staff to a great extent, but at the same time, the security of financial accounting information is also very prominent. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a hybrid encryption algorithm based on double chaotic system and improved AES encryption algorithm. The improved AES algorithm uses affine transformation pairs (A7 and 6F) to generate new S-boxes. The double four-dimensional hyperchaotic system is transformed from two three-dimensional chaotic systems, and then, the transformed hyperchaotic system is used to generate chaotic sequences, and a block encryption scheme is designed. On Hadoop big data platform, double hyperchaotic encryption scheme and improved AES algorithm are combined. Simulation test results show that this method can safely transmit enterprise financial accounting information data packets. With the increase of computing cluster nodes, its encryption transmission efficiency continues to improve. This scheme not only solves the problem of enterprise financial accounting data security encryption but also realizes the parallel transmission of encrypted data in the information age, forming a double guarantee of data transmission security and efficiency.

High-Efficiency Encryption and Authentication Network Security for Automotive Ethernet

Automotive ethernet has the advantages of high bandwidth, low latency, and strong compatibility, which meets the needs of new energy vehicles for the development of network integration. Automotive ethernet can not only solve the problem of increased wiring harness and complicated wiring in the intelligentization of automotive electronics, but also can improve the comfort, reliability and multiple safety of the car. Although the car is connected to the smart phone, Bluetooth, Internet and other network systems to improve the driving pleasure for the driver, but it brings hacker attacks, security loopholes and other car network security problems that cannot be ignored, which seriously affects the safe driving of the car, personal privacy, and even endanger public safety. In this paper, we focus on the need for the network security of automotive ethernet, and analyses problem in encryption authentication algorithm. An improved AES-128 encryption algorithm and an improved MD5 authentication algorithm are proposed innovatively. Through the experimental simulation of CANoe.Ethernet, the improved AES-128 encryption algorithm proposed in this paper is 15% more efficient than the traditional encryption algorithm, and the improved MD5 authentication algorithm is 4 times faster than the traditional authentication algorithm. Thus, the active network security performance of automotive ethernet is further improved.

Optimization of AES-128 Encryption Algorithm for Security Layer in ZigBee Networking of Internet of Things.

With the rapid development of network and communication technology, the interaction of various information data is more and more frequent, and people pay more and more attention to information security. The information encryption algorithm is a research hotspot in the field of information security. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm has been widely used in the field of information security with its high security and encryption efficiency. This paper mainly introduces the optimization of the AES-128 encryption algorithm of the security layer in ZigBee networking of the Internet of Things. By analyzing the principles of ZigBee networking and the AES encryption algorithm, the changes are optimized. In this paper, the new S-box cryptographic properties are used after analysis and calculation. The affine transformation period, the number of iteration cycles, and the algebraic expression of the S-box are improved. Its cryptographic properties are better than the S-box of the original algorithm, and the security of the algorithm is improved. In the theory of column hybrid algorithm, the computational complexity is reduced by changing the fixed polynomial, and the efficiency of the column hybrid algorithm is improved. In this paper, the performance of the improved AES algorithm is tested. The results show that, in the power consumption curve experiment, the recovery success rate of the original algorithm is about 42%, and the recovery success rate of the improved algorithm is nearly 60%. The improved algorithm is faster than the original algorithm in achieving a recovery success rate of 100%. Experimental results show that the design can accurately complete the encryption and decryption of the AES algorithm, and the performance is better than the original algorithm, which proves the overall superiority of the algorithm.

Applying AES algorithm for secure data transmission between Sensor node and LoRa Gateway to Web Server

Lora Gateway is an intermediary device that can connect devices in the IoT system. IoT is the Internet of Things, consisting of a system of interrelated digital and mechanical devices and machines, capable of transmitting data over a network without requiring human-computer interaction. Lora is a long distance wireless communication technology that enables communication over a wide range between devices. Through this device, the Sensor nodes in the IoT system can transmit and receive data by LoRa waves to the Gateway and by Wifi/3G to the web server via the Internet. Data communicates in the internet environment, so important information needs to be protected by data encryption. This paper presents research and application of 128-bit AES symmetric encryption algorithm in LoRa wide area sensor network to secure data transmission between IoT devices and web server through LoRa Gateway device. The research team has designed and built models for testing sensor stations with integrated humidity and temperature sensors, LoRa Gateway integrating Lora module and wifi/3G module, developing the interface on web server with decoding, monitoring, and data storage features, and proposing a solution with AES encryption algorithm and architecture applied in the development of embedded software for LoRa module. The research results are tested on the model to test the encryption, data transmission, and decryption functions in applications for IoT LoRa Gateway systems. With this initial research, it is possible to apply the AES algorithm to secure data transmission in IoT Gateway systems.

SVIoT: A Secure Visual-IoT Framework for Smart Healthcare.

The advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transfigured the overlay of the physical world by superimposing digital information in various sectors, including smart cities, industry, healthcare, etc. Among the various shared information, visual data are an insensible part of smart cities, especially in healthcare. As a result, visual-IoT research is gathering momentum. In visual-IoT, visual sensors, such as cameras, collect critical multimedia information about industries, healthcare, shopping, autonomous vehicles, crowd management, etc. In healthcare, patient-related data are captured and then transmitted via insecure transmission lines. The security of this data are of paramount importance. Besides the fact that visual data requires a large bandwidth, the gap between communication and computation is an additional challenge for visual IoT system development. In this paper, we present SVIoT, a Secure Visual-IoT framework, which addresses the issues of both data security and resource constraints in IoT-based healthcare. This was achieved by proposing a novel reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme based on One Dimensional Neighborhood Mean Interpolation (ODNMI). The use of ODNMI reduces the computational complexity and storage/bandwidth requirements by 50 percent. We upscaled the original image from M × N to M ± 2N, dissimilar to conventional interpolation methods, wherein images are upscaled to 2M × 2N. We made use of an innovative mechanism, Left Data Shifting (LDS), before embedding data in the cover image. Before embedding the data, we encrypted it using an AES-128 encryption algorithm to offer additional security. The use of LDS ensures better perceptual quality at a relatively high payload. We achieved an average PSNR of 43 dB for a payload of 1.5 bpp (bits per pixel). In addition, we embedded a fragile watermark in the cover image to ensure authentication of the received content.

Using AES Encryption Algorithm to Optimize High-tech Intelligent Platform

AES encryption algorithm is a universal algorithm, which can be used in many fields, including intelligent marketing. In the field of modern intelligent marketing, every enterprise adopts the platform model to carry out marketing activities, which gives birth to the high-tech intelligent marketing platform. The use of this platform does bring great convenience to marketing activities and effectively improve the success rate and efficiency of marketing. However, with the in-depth use of the intelligent marketing platform, people find that there are many security risks in this platform, including Marketing information may be damaged by people, indicating that the platform needs further optimization. At this time, AES encryption algorithm has become the main method of platform optimization. In order to understand the optimization performance of AES encryption algorithm in the high-tech intelligent marketing platform, this paper will analyze the concept of the algorithm, the existing defects of the platform, the optimization scheme of the platform under the algorithm, and finally simulate the results of the optimization scheme to verify the feasibility of the application of the algorithm.

An Efficient Image Encryption Using a Dynamic, Nonlinear and Secret Diffusion Scheme

The growing use of tele This paper presents a new secret diffusion scheme called Round Key Permutation (RKP) based on the nonlinear, dynamic and pseudorandom permutation for encrypting images by block, since images are considered particular data because of their size and their information, which are two-dimensional nature and characterized by high redundancy and strong correlation. Firstly, the permutation table is calculated according to the master key and sub-keys. Secondly, scrambling pixels for each block to be encrypted will be done according the permutation table. Thereafter the AES encryption algorithm is used in the proposed cryptosystem by replacing the linear permutation of ShiftRows step with the nonlinear and secret permutation of RKP scheme; this change makes the encryption system depend on the secret key and allows both to respect the second Shannon’s theory and the Kerckhoff principle. Security analysis of cryptosystem demonstrates that the proposed diffusion scheme of RKP enhances the fortress of encryption algorithm, as can be observed in the entropy and other obtained values. communications implementing electronic transfers of personal data, require reliable techniques and secure. In fact, the use of a communication network exposes exchanges to certain risks, which require the existence of adequate security measures. The data encryption is often the only effective way to meet these requirements. This paper present a cryptosystem by block for encrypting images, as images are considered particular data because of their size and their information, which are two dimensional nature and characterized by high redundancy and strong correlation. In this cryptosystem, we used a new dynamic diffusion technique called round key permutation, which consists to permute pixels of each bloc in a manner nonlinear, dynamic and random using permutation table calculated according to the master key and sub-keys. We use thereafter the AES encryption algorithm in our cryptosystem by replacing the linear permutation of ShiftRows with round key permutation technique; this changing makes the encryption scheme depend on encryption key. Security analysis of cryptosystem demonstrate that the modification made on using the proposed technique of Round Key Permutation enhances the fortress of encryption algorithm, as can be observed in the entropy and other obtained values.

Application of AES and DES Algorithms in File Management

In recent years, with the rapid development of computer and network technology, major enterprises and institutions have successively popularized the use of computer for office, and electronic documents have gradually replaced paper documents. Important enterprise data, such as customer information, are stored in the computer in the form of electronic files. The use of computers in office has brought us many benefits such as high efficiency and resource saving, but also correspondingly caused the safety management of electronic documents. For example, the risk of information leakage is greatly increased, and office personnel may cause irreparable damage to electronic documents due to misoperation. This article takes the current situation of electronic document security management as the research background, and proposes a solution to securely manage electronic documents. Combine the technical theory of file management with the AES encryption algorithm, combine the theoretical principle of file management with the DES encryption algorithm, and use the characteristics of file management to make up for the defects of AES and DES algorithms to achieve better encryption effects and improve Difficulty of breaking secrets. At the same time, it takes into account file query and junk file disposal; through file remote transmission, secure communication between Internet users is realized.

Designing a Secure Environment for IoT Networks Using Lightweight AES Algorithm

In recent years, the rapid development in the field of wireless technologies leaded to appear a new topic known as the Internet of things (IoT). The IoT applications can be found in various fields of our life such as smart home, health care, smart building, and etc. In all these applications the data collected from the real world are transmitted through the Internet, therefore these data have become a target of many attacks and hackers. So, a secure communication must be provided to protect the transmitted data from unauthorized access. This paper focuses on designing a secure IoT system to protect the sensing data. In this system, the security is provided by the use of Lightweight AES encryption algorithm to encrypt the data received from physical environment. The hardware used in this proposal is the Raspberry Pi 3 model B and two types of sensors. The LAES algorithm was embedded inside the Raspberry in order to protect the sensing data that comes from sensors connected to the Raspberry Pi before sending it through network. The analysis results show that the proposed IoT security system consumes less time in encryption/decryption and has high throughput when compared with others from related work. Its throughput is higher in about 19.24% than one system from the related studies.