Aerosol Substance Research Articles

Photolytic Mass Loss of Humic Substances Measured with a Quartz Crystal Microbalance.

Laboratory studies have shown that photolytic mass loss can be a significant sink for secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Here, we use a quartz crystal microbalance to measure mass loss of Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) and Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA), surrogates for SOA, exposed to 254, 300, and 405 nm radiation over the course of 24 h. We find that the photolytic mass loss rates of these materials are comparable to those for laboratory-generated limonene and toluene SOA material from the study of Baboomian et al, ACS Earth Space Chem. 2020, 4, 1078. Scaling our results to ambient conditions, we estimate that humic substances in aerosols can lose as much as 8% by mass in the first day of exposure in the atmosphere, equivalent to 0.025% of J NO2 , the photolysis rate of nitrogen dioxide. By using zero air instead of nitrogen, we also find that the presence of oxygen accelerates the photolytic mass loss rate by a factor of 2 to 4 at all wavelengths suggesting a potential role for reactive oxygen species. UV photolysis of an aqueous SRFA solution demonstrated both photobleaching at UV wavelengths and photoenhancement at visible wavelengths. Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometric analysis showed that condensed-phase SRFA photolysis led to decreased intensity in the 100-300 m/z range while aqueous SRFA photolysis resulted in an increase in intensity in the same range. This work reaffirms that photolytic mass loss is a potentially significant sink for SOA, but only on the time scale of a day or two and demonstrates that SRHA and SRFA are suitable surrogates for atmospheric SOA with respect to photolytic mass loss.

Unraveling the Light‐Absorbing Properties of Brown Carbon at a Molecular Level

AbstractBrown carbon (BrC) exhibits a highly complex chemical composition with diverse light‐absorbing properties, which complicates our understanding of its climate impacts. This study examined the impact of molecular characteristics (including molecular mass, unsaturation, oxidation state, and polarity) and heteroatoms on the light‐absorbing properties (absorptivity and wavelength dependence) of BrC from a molecular perspective, based on the ultraviolet‐visible spectra of over 40,000 light‐absorbing substances in aerosol from different sources and ambience. Our findings reveal that the light‐absorptivity of BrC molecules increases with decreasing polarity and O/C ratio, while it rises with higher molecular mass and unsaturation. We developed predictive models for molecular absorptivity based on its double bond equivalent and O/C ratio. In addition, we observed an inverse correlation between absorptivity and wavelength dependence at the molecular level, as determined through mathematical analysis. This molecular‐level understanding provides valuable insights into BrC absorbing mechanisms, facilitating more accurate characterization in atmospheric models.

Distribution, chemical, and molecular composition of high and low molecular weight humic-like substances in ambient aerosols

Abstract. Humic-like substances (HULIS) encompass a continuum of molecular weight (MW) ranges, yet our understanding of how HULIS characteristics vary with MW is still limited and not well established. In this study, a combination of ultrafiltration and solid-phase extraction protocols was employed to fractionate the high MW (HMW; > 1 kDa) and low MW (LMW; < 1 kDa) HULIS fractions from ambient aerosols collected during summer and winter at a rural site. Subsequently, comprehensive characterization using total organic carbon, high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), UV-visible (UV-vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and negative electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (ESI–HRMS) were conducted. The results revealed that HMW HULIS were dominated by larger-sized chromophores, substantially constituting a higher fraction of total organic carbon and UV absorption at 254 nm than LMW HULIS. While both HMW and LMW HULIS shared similar fluorophore types and functional groups, the former exhibited higher levels of humification and a greater presence of polar functional groups (e.g., −COOH; > C=O). HRMS analysis further unveiled that molecular formulas within HMW HULIS generally featured smaller sizes but higher degrees of unsaturation and aromaticity compared to those within LMW HULIS fractions. This observation suggests the possibility of small molecules assembling to form the HMW HULIS through intermolecular weak forces. Moreover, HMW HULIS contained a higher proportion of CHON but fewer CHO compounds than LMW HULIS. In both HMW and LMW HULIS, the unique molecular formulas were primarily characterized by lignin-like species, yet the former displayed a prevalence of N-enriched and highly aromatic species. Additionally, HMW HULIS contained more unique lipid-like compounds, while LMW HULIS exhibited a distinct presence of tannin-like compounds. These findings provide valuable insights into the distribution, optical properties, and molecular-level characteristics of HULIS in atmospheric aerosols, thereby advancing our understanding of their sources, composition, and environmental implications.

Statistical parameters in assessing ecological and geochemical state of the Kolpashevo-Turukhan mineragenic zone eastern part

The relevance. The required statistical identification of natural and anthropogenic biogeochemical anomalies when conducting ecological and geochemical studies on the territories of buried exogenous ores with a weak anthropogenic pressure. The difficulty of their identification according to their sources is related to a similar litho-siderophilic geochemical specialization of sedimentary rocks of iron ore, titanium-zirconium formations and modern soils of taiga zone landscapes. Moreover, the research implemented a method for biomaterial sample preparation. This method is aimed at obtaining the possibility of using a biomaterial sample as a natural indicator to reveal the aeolian and dust aerosol substance intake. As a result, there is an urgent need to involve steps in biogeochemical data statistical processing that allows one qualitatively differentiate the effects of chemical elements concentration via root nutrition and dust accumulation on the leaves. The aim. Statistical assessment of content variability and relationships of chemical elements in aspen leaves in the zone of anthropogenic influence of transport roads crossing the localization areas of buried iron ore deposits of the Bakcharsko-Kolpashevo ore district, Kolpashevo-Turukhan mineragenic zone. Qualitative biogeochemical identification of biomaterial enrichment through root and dust in areas of anomalous concentration of chemical elements using data on accumulation of rare earth elements. Objects. Soil, leaves of common aspen (Populus tremula L., 1753). Methods. Regional biogeochemical and lithochemical sampling was carried out in three profiles along local roads with asphalt and unpaved surfaces at the entrances to settlements. The sampling points common for the methods were shifted off the roads at a distance of at least 20 m to undisturbed landscapes. After sample preparation, the concentration of 28 chemical elements in the samples was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The interpretation of geochemical data was based on the results of multicomponent statistical analysis. Results. The studied territories along the lines of regional research are characterized by the background biogeochemical and lithochemical values. The revealed biogeochemical anomaly is caused by a dust halo that accompanies the unpaved road. The rare earth elements levels show the influence of fine dust-aerosol and aeolian material intake.

Experimental study of thermal conditions of the formation of aerosol from graphite grade GВ-50/12 in the power plant of a T-64B tank

The results of an experimental investigation of the properties of GV-50/12 graphite and the measurement of the thermal parameters of the gas outflow in the power plant of the T-64B tank on the subject of the formation of an aerosol from expandable graphite are presented in the work. The method of improving the thermal smoke apparatus is disclosed, which consists in the injection of graphite powder into the bypass gas duct of the power setup of the T-64 tank, causing the release of an aerosol cloud from the power setup of the tank. The experimental study was divided into two parts: the study of the expanding coefficient of graphite GV-50/12; study of the temperature of the exhaust gases in the area of the gas duct outlet. The coefficient of an expansion of graphite was determined based on the results of the ratio of the bulk mass of graphite before heating and after heating at a constant measuring volume. Graphite mass was measured on an ADG200C analytical scales. The change in shape of graphite as a result of thermal shock was studied on an optical microscope with an image magnification of 140 times. According to the research results, it was found that the bulk density of GV-50/12 graphite decreases by 26 times as a result of thermal shock. It was determined that graphite particles acquire a three-dimensional structure. It is this structure that leads to a decrease in the bulk density of this substance. Therefore, in the case of using expanded graphite GV-50/12 as an aerosol substance, prolonged stability of the aerosol curtain is achieved due to low hydraulic coarseness. The study of the temperature of the exhaust gases in the area of the gas duct cover of the T-64B tank was carried out while the 5TDF engine was operating on the spot, while driving in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd gears. To measure the gas temperature, a K-type thermocouple was installed in the gas duct outlet, which has a temperature measurement range from 0 °C to + 800 °C. It was determined that in order to create an aerosol from graphite, it is necessary to increase the temperature of the gas in the outlet channel from 250-330 °С to 1000 °С. The increase in gas temperature can be achieved due to the combustion of fuel in the exhaust gases, given the presence of a sufficient concentration of oxygen. A sufficient concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gases is caused by the combustion of fuel in the engine with an excess of air by 1.8-2 times and by blowing the cylinders of the 5TDF engine with air.

Features of the mechanism of aerosol fractionation in solid hydrometeors

The object of the study is the dispersed fractions of an aerosol substance in the snow cover. At the sampling sites located in the middle taiga zone within the Mezen-Vychegoda Plain on a high terrace in the Sysola river valley, 3 km west of the city of Syktyvkar, fresh snow and surface frost were sampled. The analysis of the ratios in the surface hoarfrost of subdispersed fractions of the aerosol substance was carried out in conjunction with the granulometric analysis of freshly fallen snow. Studies using the method of dynamic light scattering of the granulometric composition of an aerosol substance in freshly fallen snow and surface hoarfrost formed between snowfalls showed that a bimodal distribution of particles is recorded in all snow samples. At the same time, the distribution of submicron aerosol particles in frost samples is already characterized by the presence of three modes. Also, with an increase in the duration of the period between snowfalls in hoarfrost samples, a redistribution of particles between fine and medium fractions is observed in the direction of a significant increase in particles in the fine fraction, but the volume concentration of particles of the large fraction changes slightly. It is assumed that the identified circumstance is associated with the action of capillary forces and the adhesion of dry precipitation during the crystal formation of hoarfrost (it is proposed to call this phenomenon "frosty condensation"). A similar effect was also observed in the West Siberian southern taiga and the coastal tundra of the Lower Pechora region.

Distribution Characteristics of <sup><sup>7</sup></sup>Be and <sup><sup>210</sup></sup>Pb in Near-Surface Aerosols in Mianyang Area and Their Significance to O<sub>3</sub> Tracer

In order to understand the quality of radiation environment in the near surface air in Mianyang area, to grasp the trend of its change, to explore the sources of aerosol substances near the surface and their significance in tracking the concentration of O₃ near the ground, a detailed gamma spectrum analysis of aerosol samples from March 2018 to February 2019 in Anzhou District, Jiangyou City, Zitong County and Pingwu County was carried out. In general, the activity concentration of ^⁷Be is higher in spring and autumn, while it is the lowest in summer. The annual average is 1.90-2.13mBq/m^³, which is basically the same as the distribution characteristics of inland, mid-latitude, and low-altitude areas in the world. The activity concentration of ^²¹⁰Pb is a "U" type distribution feature throughout the year. It is the lowest in late spring or early summer and has an annual average of 1.24-1.66mBq/m^³, which is a relatively high value of ^²¹⁰Pb activity concentration on global land. The correlation analysis between ^⁷Be and ^²¹⁰Pb and O₃ in near-surface aerosols showed that ^⁷Be and O₃ were weakly positively correlated, while the ratio of ^⁷Be/^²¹⁰Pb was significantly positively correlated with O₃, and ^²¹⁰Pb and O₃were significantly negatively correlated; The ^⁷Be/^²¹⁰Pb ratio can be used as a good tracer of O₃ sources in near-surface air. The O₃ source in the near surface air in Mianyang area is greatly affected by the vertical convection activity of the atmosphere.

Геохимическая активность снега и послойная изменчивость изотопного состава кислорода (δ18О) в снежной толще в условиях разной запыленности приземной атмосферы

The layered distribution of the isotopic composition (18O) in the snow mass under conditions of different dust pollution of the near-surface atmosphere was studied on the territory of two scientific test sites of the IAO SB RAS: the Fonovaya observatory and the suburban BEK test site (Tomsk). Interlayer differences in isotopic characteristics and the activity of snow chemical reactions were evaluated in conjunction with the analysis of the dispersed composition of the precipitated aerosol substance, the radiation transparency of snow in the UV range, and taking into account reverse trajectories of air mass transfer. Interlayer fluctuations in 18O values were established, the variability of which increased in layers confined to the thermal diffusion geochemical barrier. We suggested that due to the geochemical activity of snow and its ultraviolet transparency, as well as the presence of iron-containing dust-aerosol particles in the snow mass, conditions arose that initiated photoactivated snow-chemical reactions. Their occurrence may be accompanied by free radical oxidation of the precipitated aerosol matter and the formation of stable photoreaction products, which may be evidenced by the established post-sedimentary interlayer differences in the isotope stratification of the snow mass.

Monitoring the state of snow cover in the Khabarovsk Territory

In the article, the authors considered the issues of snow cover monitoring in the conditions of the Khabarovsk Territory. An analysis was made of the main pollutants in the period from 2014 to 2020, the impact of snow cover on the environment was studied, and the ways in which pollutants entered were analyzed. The presented work is of an analytical and research nature — to trace the accumulation of pollutants in the snow cover, for further development of solutions to improve the atmospheric air monitoring system in the cities of the region. The work was carried out within the framework of research work 3.21-TOGU. The state of protection of the environment and vital human interests from the possible negative impact of economic and other activities on the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory at the present time cannot be considered satisfactory. Environmental problems are global in nature and do not have territorial, state borders, but to date, a unified system for monitoring and assessing the ecological state of the ecosystem with the prolongation of the dynamics of changes in the future has not been created in the region. And the known set of methods and tools for assessing the environmental situation does not provide the required level of reliability. Snow cover is a natural accumulator of a large amount of aerosol substances, in which atmospheric precipitation is accumulated and preserved; in addition, it can be considered a natural indicator of both the state of the atmosphere and pollution of soils, water, and biosphere objects. At present, under the conditions of an ever-increasing anthropogenic load on the environment, high-quality, timely information about the state of the environment is needed. Although interest in research on the chemical composition of the snow cover has recently grown, it should be noted that in the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory, little is done in depth research in this area. The territory of this region is located in the form of a narrow strip on the eastern outskirts of Asia, the climate of the region is monsoon. It is characterized by cold, snowy winters and wet, hot summers. Climatic conditions change significantly both from north to south, and depending on the proximity to the sea, as well as on the nature of the relief. The period of snow occurrence is from 4 months, mainly in the southern, southwestern regions, to 6 months in the northern regions, which, according to the authors, is a good help for a detailed study of accumulated pollutants. In addition, in the region, more than 83.14 % of the population lives in cities with high and very high levels of air pollution, which primarily affects health (among the common types of diseases, respiratory diseases are in first place, circulatory system diseases are in second, third disease of the musculoskeletal system). To reduce the technogenic load on the atmosphere, it is necessary to install more efficient cleaning systems at thermal power plants and introduce effective technical control of the transport composition in the region, review and improve the atmospheric air monitoring system.

Evolutionary History of DMSP Lyase-Like Genes in Animals and Their Possible Involvement in Evolution of the Scleractinian Coral Genus, Acropora

Dimethlysulfoniopropionate (DMSP) lyase is an enzyme that mediates cleavage of DMSP into dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and acrylate. DMS is an aerosol substance that may affect cloud formation, solar radiation and ocean temperatures. DMSP lyases in marine organisms, such as marine bacteria, release DMS, which might contribute to atmosphere-ocean feedback. Although DMSP lyases were first identified in marine bacteria, eukaryotic DMSP lyases or genes similar to DMSP lyase, DMSP lyase-like (DL-L) genes have been found not only in coccolithophores (Emiliania huxleyi) and symbiotic algae of the Family Symbiodiniaceae, but also in animals, including scleractinian corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia). Comparative genomic analysis showed that gene expansion events of DL-L genes have occurred specifically in the scleractinian genus, Acropora. In the present study, we performed molecular identification of DL-L genes in Acropora digitifera. Thirteen full-length Open Reading Frames were isolated, confirming that these duplicated DL-L genes are likely expressed. A comprehensive survey of available transcriptomic databases revealed that DL-L genes have been identified not only in scleractinians (Hexacorallia), but also Octocorallia (Anthozoa) and even in a jellyfish (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Molecular phylogenetic analyses showed that although some sequences from cnidarian transcriptomic databases apparently originated with their symbiotic algae, cnidarian sequences from Anthozoa and Hydrozoa clustered together, indicating that these evolved from a gene in the last common ancestor of Cnidaria, dating to the Precambrian. Interestingly, cnidarian species possessing DL-L genes apparently occur only in coral reefs or shallow, warmer environments, suggesting that these genes may be essential for animals to survive in such environments. Acropora-specific duplicated DL-L genes, which originated during the past warm geological periods, may enable them to adapt to environmental changes.

Coupled Analysis of Granulometric Composition of Aerosol Substance in Surface Air and Snow Cover: Effect of Air Masses on Aerosol Particle Distribution

Coupled Analysis of Granulometric Composition of Aerosol Substance in Surface Air and Snow Cover: Effect of Air Masses on Aerosol Particle Distribution

Humic-like substances (HULIS) in springtime aerosols at a high-altitude background station in the western North Pacific: Source attribution, abundance, and light-absorption

Atmospheric humic-like substances (HULIS) are important components of biomass-burning (BB) emissions and highly associated with light-absorbing organic aerosols (often referred to as brown carbon). This study highlights the importance of BB-emitted HULIS aerosols in peninsular Southeast Asian outflow to the subtropical western North Pacific. We determined various key light-absorbing characteristics of HULIS i.e. mass absorption cross-section (MACHULIS), absorbing component of the refractive index (kHULIS), and absorption Ångström exponent (AAEHULIS) based on ground-based aerosol light absorption measurements along with HULIS concentrations in springtime aerosols at Lulin Atmospheric Background Station (LABS; 2862 m above mean sea level), which is a representative high-altitude remote site in the western North Pacific. Daily variations of HULIS (0.58–12.92 μg m−3) at LABS were mostly linked with the influence from incoming air-masses, while correlations with BB tracers and secondary aerosols indicated the attribution of primary and secondary sources. Stronger light absorption capability of HULIS was clearly evident from MACHULIS and kHULIS values at 370 nm, which were about ~1.5 times higher during BB-dominated days (1.16 ± 0.75 m2 g−1 and 0.05 ± 0.03, respectively) than that during non-BB days (0.77 ± 0.89 m2 g−1 and 0.03 ± 0.04, respectively). Estimates from a simple radiative transfer model showed that HULIS absorption can add as much as 15.13 W g−1 to atmospheric warming, and ~46% more during BB-dominated than non-BB period, highlighting that HULIS light absorption may significantly affect the Earth–atmosphere system and tropospheric photochemistry over the western North Pacific.

Novel simulation technique of radioactive aerosol substances propagation into the motionless atmosphere suddenly disseminated by wind to surrounding environment

Accidental discharges of radioactive aerosol into the motionless (calm) atmosphere are examined with aim to quantify ensuing radiological impact on population. This paper offers an advanced methodology that facilitates and accelerates the demanding modelling process in the calm region. The modelling simulates continuous, quite volatile, radioactive releases under strong variations of the atmospheric conditions by a chain of discrete Gaussian pulses. An original idea of insertion of the nested inner cycle enables to comprise the atmosphere state changes during individual pulse propagation. The radioactivity concentration in air at the calm end period becomes a quite non-Gaussian sum of the Gaussian puffs. The novel processing provides a simple and sufficiently precise estimate of its statistical properties. The processing approximates the sum by a single “super-puff” distribution of the Gaussian type. It remarkably facilitates analysis of the ensuing convective transport of the radioactivity package. Instead of many calculating runs of the convective transport for each individual puff, only one run realises. The approximation is based on Bayes’ paradigm (AB). The numerical experiments confirm the acceptability of the AB procedure under the inspected circumstances. The proposed way converts the laborious modelling of radiological fields into a feasible one. It supports practicability of the sampling based methods of uncertainty and sensitivity analyses, as well as the data assimilation methods, especially their inverse modelling techniques based on simulation of multiplex radiological trajectories.

Underlying mechanisms for the impacts of molecular structures and water chemistry on the enrichment of poly/perfluoroalkyl substances in aqueous aerosol

Enrichment of ionic poly/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aqueous aerosol (AA) is an important pathway for them to enter atmosphere. In this study, the enrichment behaviors of 12 legacy and emerging PFASs in AA in both single solute and mixed solutions were investigated. The enrichment factors (EF) displayed a general increasing trend with the fluorinated carbon chain length. For the first time, a robust Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) model coupled with partial least-square method was established with fifteen quantum chemical descriptors. Four molecular descriptors, including dipole moment (μ), molecular weight (MW), the maximal value of the molecular surface potential (Vs, max) and molecular volume (V) were identified as the key structural variables affecting the PFASs enrichment. Inorganic salts and humic acid (HA) which are common in seawater, facilitated the PFASs enrichment as a result of enhanced hydrophobicity and the bridging effect caused by divalent cations. The typical cationic and anionic surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfate, both inhibited the enrichment due to the competition between PFASs and surfactants. It is interesting that 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F53B) had the highest EF among the 12 PFASs, implying its strong potential of atmosphere transport.

The Role of Binary and Ion Nucleation of Sulfuric Acid and Water Vapor in the Dynamics of Sulfate Aerosol Formation in the Atmosphere

The results of one-dimensional calculations of the height profiles of nucleated sulfate aerosol particles for the northern mid-latitudes and tropics in winter are presented. Numerical calculations were performed using a three-dimensional model of the transport and transformation of multicompo- nent gas and aerosol substances in the atmosphere, incorporating photochemistry, nucleation involving neutral molecules and ions, as well as condensation/evaporation and coagulation. It is found that the resulting dynamics of the formation of aerosol particle nuclei is not a simple sum of ion and binary (water vapor/sulfuric acid) nucleation rates. This dynamics is determined by the ratio of critical radii of nucleated particles due to binary and ion nucleation of these substances (rcr_bin and rcr_ion) depending on temperature, relative humidity, and ionization rate. This should be taken into account in modeling the gas and aerosol composition of the atmosphere and comparing calculated and observed data.

Сравнительный анализ методов исследования отложений копоти на местах пожаров

Introduction. Smokes are aerosols that contain sublimating substances and condensing vapors, as well as products of chemical and photochemical reactions. In addition to solid and liquid particles, they contain gaseous products of both complete and incomplete decomposition during combustion process, as well as nitrogen and the remains of unreacted oxygen during combustion. The aerosol substance of smoke that has settled on any surface is called soot, which often acts as an object of fire-technical expertise, and the aggregate of soot particles that form zones of various configurations is called smokiness. Goals and objectives. The aim of the work is to study soot and its components for the development of a comprehensive methodology for the study of fires in determining both the focus and the cause of the fire, as well as the pathways of the spread of hazardous factors of fire at different stages of fire development. The main task of the work is to determine the dependence of the qualitative and quantitative indicators of soot and its component composition on the temperature conditions of combustion of various materials in order to establish the conditions for the course of a fire. Research methods. Field and laboratory methods for the study of soot are considered. Field methods include visual analysis of soot deposits (identifying the configuration of soot, color and intensity of the soot layer) and measuring the electrical resistance of the soot layer using a field contact probe. Laboratory methods include the method of microscopic morphological analysis, the method of thermal analysis, molecular spectroscopy and gas chromatography, which are indirect and direct methods for studying extracted organic components of soot. Results and its discussion. The modern methods of research of soot are analyzed. A scheme of laboratory methods is proposed. It allows carry out full morphological analysis, to evaluate the behavior of soot components during heating and composition of extracted components for solving the problems of studying fires. Regression dependences of the content of bituminous components on the logarithm of the electrical resistance of the soot layer were obtained, which showed that, regardless of the type of combustible material, a transition zone is observed on them, in which, with a relatively small change in electrical resistance, a significant increase in the content of bituminous components is observed. Conclusion. The paper considers an comprehensive approach to the study of extractable components of soot. The obtained dependences of the qualitative and quantitative indicators of soot and its component composition on the temperature conditions of combustion of various materials will improve the quality and level of reliability of information in the study of fires in order to determine the focus and cause of a fire, as well as the ways of spreading hazardous factors of a fire at different stages of its development. Key words: smoke, soot, extractable organic compounds, bitumen components, soot layer electrical resistance, molecular spectroscopy, Boltzmann function, fire investigation.

The process of distribution Computer modeling of hazardous substances in the atmosphere taking into account the terrain relief

The paper considers a mathematical model for research, forecasting, and management decisions on the process of spreading harmful aerosol substances in the atmosphere. When deriving a mathematical model of the object, the main weather and climatic factors affecting the process of transport and diffusion of harmful substances and the terrain of the region under consideration are taken into account. Changes in wind direction and speed are calculated using the Navier-Stokes equation of stream function and vortex velocity variables. The proposed software was implemented as a software tool in the Borland C ++ Builder environment to carry out computational experiments. The results of the performed numerical calculations are shown in the form of graphical objects.

Granulometric composition of settled aerosol substance and ratio of phenolic compounds in needles of different age

Granulometric composition of settled aerosol substance and ratio of phenolic compounds in needles of different age

Green cyber-production of semiconductor electronic

To clean the industrial company air substances of the semiconductor electronics production is a necessary procedure to lower the atmosphere technical load. The hazardous substances of soldering and montage works are some metal oxides and aerosol substances, which simultaneously circulate in a production in its vapor and gas forms. To evacuate those hazardous substances from the production equipment is done through the tide and extraction ventilation channels, which transport the contaminations into the center filtering system. There is a scheme how to collect the hazardous production substances in an electronics production. The center filtering system contains of some engineer cyber-systems (ECS) to neutralize the contaminations with absorbing and adsorbing ecological means and also with catalyst methods. There is a scheme of center filtering aggregates to neutralize the contaminations using ECS. The production and ECS synchronous interaction must be provided with the intellectual environment resources to support the nature safety technologies to minimize the technical influence on the environment.

Fire safety cyber-production

Technological emergencies because of a flame in a production is one of the leading catastrophe factors with significant negative consequences for the environment. To minimize burning risk in a production facility is a system of measures to prevent company infrastructure components burning or to detect them operatively and put them out. The production fire safety is provided with engineer cyber-systems (ECS) installed in the floor or in the ceiling (hanging down). Each ECS protects from burning one of the production cyber-systems (CS). Each CS protected with putting out means of an ECS forms a cyber-production fire protected cell. There is a scheme proposed for a CS fire protected cell, which is the cyber-production base. There is a scheme of a continuous production section equipped with technological CSs and ECSs for fire extinguishing. A system of anti-fire measure is described, which has a room isolation to block inlet and outlet ventilation and to control the isolated sections with rolling doors, which may react on a burning source in a cyber-production. The company fire safety conditions cyber-monitoring system is done as the intellectual production environment. To put out the fire they apply the fire extinguishing ECS assets placed in the floor, which extinguish the fire with a low-dispersed aerosol substance with inertia gases.