Aerobic Treatment System Research Articles

ESSAI DE TRAITEMENT BIOLOGIQUE DES HUILES LUBRIFIANTES USAGÉES RÉCUPÉRÉES DANS DES GARAGES DE KINSHASA À L’AIDE DES URINES HUMAINES ET KAOLIN EN RÉPUBLIQUE DÉMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO

In the various car garages of Kinshasa (in the Democratic Republic of Congo), the lack of consideration of environmental standards is the basis of the voluntary and/or accidental discharges of used oils directly into the environment without any prior treatment. These used hydrocarbons are pollutants that can cause major environmental problems due to their toxicity. The aim of this study is to treat used lubricating oils from car garages biologically in order to reduce their toxic potential. To this end, an aerobic biological treatment system was set up by mixing 4L of used oils with IL of urine, 2Kg of active Kaolin and 20L of water. The reduction in the toxicity of hydrocarbons was assessed through acute toxicity tests on the species Gambusia Affinis and microbiological analyses before and after biological treatment of these oils. The results obtained on the toxicity before treatment of these oils revealed that the LC50 was around ±3 ml/g of used oils to say that the pollutant is very toxic. After biological treatment, the LC50 rise to around ±66.7 ml/g for the treated oils, which represents a significant reduction in toxicity and ranks these treated oils in the order of less toxic effluents. The microbiological analyses of the used oils before their treatment did not show any bacteria; on the other hand, the analyses after treatment made it possible to highlight the presence of bacterial colonies whose identification revealed the following bacteria: Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas, which are mostly lipolytic. This study thus allowed to treat used oils thanks to microorganisms and the intrinsic properties of urine and Kaolin.

Removal and prediction of chemicals in anaerobic–anoxic–aerobic wastewater treatment system: Case study on organophosphates

Distribution and removal of chemicals in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have mainly relied on mathematical models. Existing exposure assessment models such as SimpleTreat, STPWIN are based on conventional activated sludge processes. There is an urgent need to develop an A2/O-based WWTPs exposure assessment model. Organophosphates (OPEs) have different physical and chemical properties and potential environmental risks. The fate and biodegradation kinetics of three types of OPEs, including alkyl OPEs, chlorinated OPEs and triphenyl ester OPEs, were studied in a laboratory-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A2/O) sewage treatment system and batch reactors. The three types of OPEs had different anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic removal characteristics. A compensation mechanism was found between anaerobic and anoxic/aerobic removal. When the hydraulic retention time decreased from 82 to 20.5 h, the removal efficiencies in the anaerobic unit decreased, while those in the anoxic unit increased; as a result, the total removal efficiencies remained high (>80 %) for all OPEs except triphenyl phosphate (65.5%–75.1 %). The concept of effective sludge concentration (MLSSeff) was proposed to illustrate the compensation mechanism and calibrate the second-order kinetic equation for predicting pollutant removal in the A2/O system: MLSSeff = ken × MLSS, where ken is a constant related to the influent total organic carbon content (TOC). The influent TOC contents of the anoxic and aerobic units affected the value of MLSSeff and OPEs removal. The results are of great significance for assessing OPEs exposure and predicting exposure to emerging micropollutants in sewage treatment systems.

The Aerobic Granules Process for Wastewater Treatment: From Theory to Engineering

Aerobic granules are small, dense aggregates of microbial cells that form naturally in aerobic wastewater treatment systems. They are characterized by their spherical shape, strong structural integrity, and ability to rapidly settle. These granules are formed through a self-immobilization process where different microbial species coalesce to degrade organic and inorganic compounds in wastewater. This study summarizes the development of aerobic granulation technology in wastewater treatment and the mechanism of aerobic granules’ formation, analyzes the characteristics and the factors affecting the aerobic granules’ formation, and presents practical engineering examples of its application from pilot-scale to full-scale operation.

Nitrogen removal and nitrous oxide emission from moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) under different loads and airflow

Total nitrogen (TN) removal by sewage treatment required the development of nitrifying and denitrifying activities; however, these metabolite activities can produce and emit nitrous oxide (N2O), one of the greenhouse gases (GHG). With the expansion of sewage treatment in the world, compact systems such as moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) may be promising, mainly in more populated cities. However, little is known about N2O emission by the MBBR. This work investigated the N-NHx and TN removal, N2O production and emission and nitrogen mass balance in a MBBR under organic load and airflow variation. The highest TN removal (47%) was observed under higher load and higher aeration rate. Meanwhile, the MBBR under lower load and lower airflow had the lowest efficiency of TN and N-NHx removal probably due to a lower nitrifying activity. The N2O emission factors were lower than 1.6% (value estimated by the IPCC for sewage aerobic treatment systems). In addition, in the essay with higher load and lower airflow, half of removed TN was released by settled sludge and there is little research about this subject. Therefore, the MBBR showed to be a promising process for nitrogen removal with little emission of N2O even under different operational conditions that normally can occur in sanitary sewage system in cities around the world.

Response of the nitrification sludge to oxytetracycline and operating the nitrifying reactor for oxytetracycline wastewater treatment

The nitrify-based technology has already been regarded as an economical and efficient strategy to remove nitrogen. This study investigated different oxytetracycline (OTC) concentrations inhibited the nitrifying process of an aerobic wastewater treatment system in short-term shocks. The stability of ammonia nitrogen removal had declined trend and demonstrated nitrite accumulation when the concentration of oxytetracycline was 0,1,2,5,10,20mg/L, respectively. And the ammonia oxidation reaction time decreased from 240 min to 120 min. Mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) decreased by 50.69%, 48.53%, 74.28%, 65.03%, and 72.97%, respectively. Compared to control OTC (0 mg/L), S-PN decreased from 2.256 mg·gVSS-1 to 0.016 mg·gVSS-1, 0.294 mg·gVSS-1, 0.094 mg·gVSS-1, 0.649 mg·gVSS-1, 0.349 mg·gVSS-1. Total EPS decreased from 7.795 mg·gVSS-1 by 17.00%, 32.91%, 45.09%, 43.04%, and 29.57%, respectively. High-throughput sequencing analyses showed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the most phylum. The relative abundance of Nitrospira decreased as the OTC concentration increased, while that of Comamonas increased.

Application of Attached Growth System for Laundry Wastewater Treatment

Laundry wastewater can be treated in a small-scale aerobic wastewater treatment (WWT) system utilizing a microbubble generator (MBG). However, removing pollutants, precisely chemical oxygen demand (COD), is often low, especially under high wastewater load conditions. This study aims to improve the WWT system’s performance by incorporating an attached growth system. The research was conducted in a small-scale WWT system with a volume of 832 L in Cokrodiningratan, Code Riverbank, Yogyakarta, treating real wastewater from a nearby laundry shop. Experiments were performed batch-wise for one week with suspended and nylon-fabric-attached growth systems. Wastewater samples from the WWT system were taken and analyzed for COD concentrations. Results indicate that the attached growth system outperforms the suspended growth system. During operation, the suspended growth system achieved a COD removal rate of approximately 78% (temperature range of 26-28°C, a pH level of 6.3-7.1, and influent COD: 377.5 mg/L). In contrast, with the introduction of attachment media under similar batch operation conditions (temperature range: 26-28°C, pH level: 6.4-7.4, influent COD: 755.5 mg/L), the COD removal efficiency increased to 94%. The incorporation of attachment media led to a notably stable performance outcome.

Treatment of Effluent with an Anaerobic Aerobic Effluent Treatment System

Today energy and clean water is a requirement in all societies worldwide to run productive processes. This affects the natural environment negatively and requires establishing more environmentally sustainable processes to decrease dependency and preserve the natural environment.
 In this research approach a laboratory anaerobic aerobic effluent treatment system was designed, built, and started up with wastewater. After start-up the system was operated with prepared milk waste, liquid cow manure and wastewater at a hydraulic retention time of 3 days and 6 days. 
 The laboratory anaerobic aerobic system was able to degrade the chemical oxygen demand, total solids and total suspended solids of all three influent liquids up to 95% and 98% for the 3-day and 6-day hydraulic retention time.
 Maximum total solids removal was 87.89% and 92.43% for the 3-day and 6-day hydraulic retention time.
 Total suspended solids removal yielded a maximum of 99.87 and 99.93% for the 3-day and 6-day hydraulic retention time.
 The anaerobic sludge blanket reactor of the system operated at a temperature of 38°C and a pH between 7.5 and 8.2 achieved a biogas CH4 content of 65% ± 5% and a maximum total biogas production of 2.23 ml/h for the milk waste at a 3-day hydraulic retention time and a minimum biogas production of 1.36 ml/h for the waste water the 3-day and 6-day HRT respectively.
 The operation of the designed laboratory anaerobic aerobic effluent treatment system showed that it is capable of reducing the effluent loading of a variety of waste streams as well as producing biogas that can be converted into bio-energy.

Stigmasterol Removal by an Aerobic Treatment System.

Stigmasterol is a phytosterol contained in kraft mill effluent that is able to increase over 100% after aerobic biological treatment. This compound can act as an endocrine disrupter as its structure is similar to that of cholesterol. Furthermore, stigmasterol contained in kraft mill effluent shows high toxicity (25-fold more than β-sitosterol) to aquatic organisms such as Daphnia magna. However, the operation of the aerobic treatment and biomass adaptation could be affecting their removal. The performances of activated sludge (AS), aerated lagoon (AL), and moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) are compared to remove the stigmasterol contained in kraft mill effluent. The AL operates at a hydraulic retention time of 6h and removes up to 90% of phytosterols. So, a 96% of stigmasterol is removed by AL when the sterol retention load is 0.6mg/L · d. However, stigmasterol concentrations increase from 29% to 37% at a low stigmasterol load rate (0.2mg/L · d). On the other hand, the stigmasterol is removed between 65% and 87% by an AS under a hydraulic retention time of 3h. Moreover, a 100% of stigmasterol can be removed by the MBBR when the hydraulic retention time is 2days.

Oxygen transfer efficiency in an aerobic granular sludge reactor: Dynamics and influencing factors of alpha

In the pursuit of reducing carbon footprint and in view of increasing energy prices, energy efficiency is more important than ever before. Batch-wise operated aerobic granular sludge reactors consume up to 50% less energy compared to conventional activated sludge systems because pumping energy is reduced and mixing equipment is not needed. Further energy reduction efforts should therefore target aeration energy requirements. The alpha factor is an important factor influencing the oxygen transfer efficiency, however the dynamic behaviour of alpha has hardly been investigated in general and never for an aerobic granular sludge reactor. This study showed that alpha increases during the aeration phase of a cycle due to the influence of different process parameters. Through a data analysis study of 175 batch cycles of the Prototype Nereda® installation in Utrecht over the summer and winter period of 2020–2021, the exchange ratio and temperature were identified as the main influencing factors on the rate of increase of alpha in a batch cycle. A higher exchange ratio was related to a slower increase in alpha over the aeration phase, while a higher temperature was related to a faster increase in alpha. Moreover, alpha was characterized by a same minimal value at the beginning of every aeration phase, which could be explained by the adsorption of soluble biodegradable organic carbon described by a Langmuir adsorption model. Two mathematical models, a decreasing exponential and a first order model, were set up to unravel the dynamic behaviour of alpha. Both models were discussed in view of their practical implications for the design and performance optimization of aerobic granular sludge reactors and other batch-wise operated aerobic wastewater treatment systems.

In-depth exploration of toxicity mechanism of nanoscale zero-valent iron and its aging products toward Escherichia coli under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

The bacteria toxicity of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) can be changed during its application in water treatment but the toxicity mechanism is still not well understood, particularly under anaerobic conditions. Here, the toxicity of nZVI and its aging products towards Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the mechanisms of extracellular and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage were deeply probed in the presence and absence of oxygen in ultrapure water. Under aerobic conditions, the ROS damage primarily caused by the generation of extracellular free •OH can be a major contributor to the toxicity of nZVI to E. coli. By contrast, in anaerobic nZVI treatment system, the intracellular •OH can be quenched by benzoic acid which is a cell permeable quencher and the electron spin resonance (ESR) signals of 5,5-dimethy-1-pyrroline (DMPO)- •OH were evidently observed in system with the addition of F− which could desorb the surface •OH into solution. It indicated that the intracellular •OH adsorbed on the particle surface can also play an indispensable role in inactivating cells under anaerobic conditions. Moreover, nZVI can steeply decline the membrane potential, causing severe membrane disruption and therefore resulting in the stronger toxicity in anaerobic conditions. Furthermore, the chemical composition transformation of nZVI and generation of benign iron corrosion products (e.g., Fe3O4, γ-Fe2O3, γ-FeOOH) are mainly responsible for the reduced toxicity with the increasing aging time. These results provide insights into the extracellular and intracellular ROS damage occurred in aerobic and anaerobic nZVI treatment systems, offering more perspective to the risk assessment of nZVI application.

Aerobic post-treatment of effluent from anaerobic reactors fed with residues from 1G and 2G sugarcane biorefineries.

This study aimed to evaluate an activated sludge system as a post-treatment step of anaerobic effluents from the co-digestion of sugarcane vinasse and hemicelluloses hydrolysate. The system consisted, initially, of a two-stage anaerobic system followed by a continuously fed activated sludge, all in bench scale. After adaptation of aerobic microorganisms to effluent conditions, the anaerobic digestion was conducted in a single-stage anaerobic reactor, increasing the influent organic loading rate (OLR) of activated sludge from 0.73 to an average of 2.36 gCOD/L·day. Under optimal conditions (12-h hydraulic retention time [HRT]), a 62 ± 9% efficiency was observed on the aerobic post-treatment, resulting in effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 414.3 ± 95 mg/L. Overall efficiency of the combined system (anaerobic + aerobic) averaged 88 ± 3%. Influent and effluent characteristics were then analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteau method, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for identification of potentially toxic and recalcitrant compounds. Compounds that absorb light within the visible spectra were well removed by the combined treatment system. Most compounds identified by GC-MS in the influent were completely removed by aerobic microorganisms. Saturated fatty acids such as adipic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid were observed in the final effluent, as well as other potentially toxic compounds such as stigmasterol, di-isobutyl phthalate, and benzene. Activated sludge proved to be an efficient post-treatment for anaerobic co-digestion, able to cope with changes of anaerobic effluent quality and providing a final effluent of stable organic load. However, phenol removal was not efficient and further studies could be performed to optimize its degradation. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Conventional activated sludge with a 12-h HRT was capable of handling significant OLR variation, providing a final effluent with lower and stable COD concentration. Glucose addition for carbon supplementation was necessary during the start-up of activated sludge. Compounds that absorb light within the visible spectra were mostly removed by the combined (anaerobic-aerobic) treatment system. Most potentially toxic compounds were well removed in the post-treatment system. Saturated fatty acids, VFA, phenols, and low molecular weight aromatic compounds remained in the final effluent.

Spatial Variation of the Microbial Community Structure of On-Site Soil Treatment Units in a Temperate Climate, and the Role of Pre-treatment of Domestic Effluent in the Development of the Biomat Community.

The growth of microbial mats or “biomats” has been identified as an essential component in the attenuation of pollutants within the soil treatment unit (STU) of conventional on-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs). This study aimed to characterize the microbial community which colonizes these niches and to determine the influence of the pre-treatment of raw-domestic wastewater on these communities. This was achieved through a detailed sampling campaign of two OWTSs. At each site, the STU areas were split whereby half received effluent directly from septic tanks, and half received more highly treated effluents from packaged aerobic treatment systems [a coconut husk media filter on one site, and a rotating biodisc contactor (RBC) on the other site]. Effluents from the RBC had a higher level of pre-treatment [~90% Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal], compared to the media filter (~60% TOC removal). A total of 92 samples were obtained from both STU locations and characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The fully treated effluent from the RBC resulted in greater microbial community richness and diversity within the STUs compared to the STUs receiving partially treated effluents. The microbial community structure found within the STU receiving fully treated effluents was significantly different from its septic tank, primary effluent counterpart. Moreover, the distance along each STU appears to have a greater impact on the community structure than the depth in each STU. Our findings highlight the spatial variability of diversity, Phylum- and Genus-level taxa, and functional groups within the STUs, which supports the assumption that specialized biomes develop around the application of effluents under different degrees of treatment and distance from the source. This research indicates that the application of pre-treated effluents infers significant changes in the microbial community structure, which in turn has important implications for the functionality of the STU, and consequently the potential risks to public health and the environment.

Study on the Balance of Oxygen in Supply and Demand in Wastewater Treatment Plant

In order to accurately evaluate the comprehensive operation efficiency of aerobic biological treatment system in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), the process state aeration performance tester and the specific oxygen uptake rate online monitoring device were used to measure the oxygenation performance and the activated sludge performance in aeration tank, and the comprehensive operation efficiency of aerobic tank was evaluated by combining physical-chemical indexes and water quality analysis of the treatment system. The results showed that the oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) of aerators under process state are reduced by 13.07% and 14.48% respectively compared with that in clean water in the No.3-tank and No.6-tank, and the aeration uniformity index (IAU) is 4.86 and 1.46 respectively. The oxygen uptake rate (OUR) in the third corridor decreased significantly, but dissolved oxygen (DO) was a high level. Oxygen in supply (Qs) was much greater than oxygen in demand (Cs), which have resulted a large waste of energy consumption. Finally, the subsection regulation strategy was proposed based on the principle of oxygen balance. The results of this study will not only help the WWTP to achieve energy-saving and consumption-reducing, but also stable operation.

Potential utilization of dairy industries by-products and wastes through microbial processes: A critical review

The dairy industry generates excessive amounts of waste and by-products while it gives a wide range of dairy products. Alternative biotechnological uses of these wastes need to be determined to aerobic and anaerobic treatment systems due to their high chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels and rich nutrient (lactose, protein and fat) contents. This work presents a critical review on the fermentation-engineering aspects based on defining the effective use of dairy effluents in the production of various microbial products such as biofuel, enzyme, organic acid, polymer, biomass production, etc. In addition to microbial processes, techno-economic analyses to the integration of some microbial products into the biorefinery and feasibility of the related processes have been presented. Overall, the inclusion of dairy wastes into the designed microbial processes seems also promising for commercial approaches. Especially the digestion of dairy wastes with cow manure and/or different substrates will provide a positive net present value (NPV) and a payback period (PBP) less than 10 years to the plant in terms of biogas production.

Effect Of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles on the Performance of Aerobic Granular Sludge Treatment System

Effect Of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles on the Performance of Aerobic Granular Sludge Treatment System

Overall performance and microbial community analysis of a full-scale aerobic cold-rolling emulsion wastewater (CREW) treatment system

Cold-rolling emulsion wastewater (CREW) is an important type of wastewater generated from steel cold-rolling processes. In this study, for the first time, a full-scale aerobic bioreactor was studied to treat CREW. The consecutive 1-year field data showed that the average removal rate of total oil, TOC and COD reached 75.2%, 83% and 81%, respectively. The results of high-throughput sequencing demonstrated that the dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, consistent with other aerobic biochemical treatment systems in general, which ensured good adaptability of such bio-community to treat CREW. The average relative abundance of one dominant class, Alphaproteobacteria, was slightly higher than that of Betaproteobacteria, which is a unique phenomenon of the CREW treatment process and is different from most of the oil-containing wastewater processes. Combined with the GC×GC-TOF MS analysis of the influent and effluent, this phenomenon was hypothesized to be driven by the presence of phenols and was discussed in detail using the redundancy analysis, as well as the function and classification of dominant bacteria at genus level.

Imprints of Lockdown and Treatment Processes on the Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: A Curious Case of Fourteen Plants in Northern India

The present study investigated the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes at each treatment stage of 14 aerobic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) serving the major municipalities in two states of Rajasthan and Uttarakhand in Northern India. The untreated, primary, secondary and tertiary treated wastewater samples were collected over a time frame ranging from under-lockdown to post-lockdown conditions. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 13 out of 40 wastewater samples in Jaipur district, Rajasthan and in 5 out of 14 wastewater samples in the Haridwar District, Uttarakhand with the E gene predominantly observed as compared to the N and RdRp target genes in later time-points of sampling. The Ct values of genes present in wastewater samples were correlated with the incidence of patient and community cases of COVID-19. This study further indicates that the viral RNA could be detected after the primary treatment but was not present in secondary or tertiary treated samples. This study implies that aerobic biological wastewater treatment systems such as moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) technology and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) are effective in virus removal from the wastewater. This work might present a new indication that there is little to no risk in relation to SARS-CoV-2 while reusing the treated wastewater for non-potable applications. In contrast, untreated wastewater might present a potential route of viral transmission through WWTPs to sanitation workers and the public. However, there is a need to investigate the survival and infection rates of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater.

Perencanaan Instalasi Pengolahan Limbah Cair Rumah Sakit Aliyah 3 Kota Kendari

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of liquid waste discharge at the hospital. Data from the number of hospital patient beds is 54 beds, so the activities taking place in Aliyah Hospital 3 in Kendari city produces a maximum discharge of liquid waste of 3.78/day. The form and design of processing liquid waste which is a rectangle with anaerobic- aerobic bio filter treatment system. Liquid waste processing with anaerobic-aerobic bio filter process consists of several parts namely the oil separator tank, equalization tank, early settling tank, anaerobic bio filter tank, aerobic bio filter tank, final settling tank and equipped with a chlorinated contractor tub. As for the size of each tank, which is like an oil separator tank (0,9 m × 0,5 m × 0,7 m), equalization tank (2,6 m × 1,3 m × 1,1 m), early settling tank (1,6 m × 0,8 m × 0,9 m), anaerobic bio filter tank (2,5 m × 1,3 m × 1,4 m), aerobic bio filter tank (1,8 m × 1 m × 1 m), final settling tank (1,8 m × 0,7 m × 0,7 m) and chlorinated tank (0,6 m × 0,3 m × 0,4 m). This process system was chosen because it is in accordance with the amount of liquid waste treatment system is safe, inexpensive and easy to operate.

Effect of aerobically treated manure on odorous material emissions from a swine finishing barn equipped with a continuous pit recirculation system.

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to determine reduction of various odorous materials from a swine farm equipped with a continuous pit recirculation system (CPRS) with aerobically treated liquid manure.MethodsThe CPRS is used in swine farms in South Korea, primarily to improve air quality in pig houses. In this study, CPRS consists of a manure aerobic treatment system and a fit recirculation system; the solid fraction is separated and composted, whereas the aerobically treated liquid fraction (290.0%±21.0% per day of total stored swine slurry) is continuously returned to the pit. Four confinement pig barns in three piggery farms were used; two were equipped with CPRS and the other two operated a slurry pit under the slatted floor.ResultsAll chemical contents of slurry pit manure in the control were greater than those of slurry pit manure in the CRPS treatment (p<0.05). Electrical conductivity and pH contents did not differ among treatments. The biological oxygen demand of the slurry pit treatment was greater than that of the other treatments (p<0.05). Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen contents of the slurry pit treatment were greater than those of other treatments (p<0.05). Odor intensity of the CPRS treatment was lower than that of the control at indoor, exhaust, and outside sampling points (p<0.05). The temperature and carbon dioxide of the CPRS treatment in the pig barn was significantly lower than those of control (p<0.05). All measured odorous material contents of the CPRS group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05).ConclusionThe CPRS application in pig farms is considered a good option as it continuously reduces the organic load of animal manure and lowers the average odorant concentration below the threshold of detecting odorous materials.

Perencanaan Instalasi Pengolahan Limbah Cair Rumah Sakit Aliyah 3 Kota Kendari

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of liquid waste discharge at the hospital. Data from the number of hospital patient beds is 54 beds, so the activities taking place in Aliyah Hospital 3 in Kendari city produces a maximum discharge of liquid waste of 3.78/day. The form and design of processing liquid waste which is a rectangle with anaerobic- aerobic bio filter treatment system. Liquid waste processing with anaerobic-aerobic bio filter process consists of several parts namely the oil separator tank, equalization tank, early settling tank, anaerobic bio filter tank, aerobic bio filter tank, final settling tank and equipped with a chlorinated contractor tub. As for the size of each tank, which is like an oil separator tank (0,9 m × 0,5 m × 0,7 m), equalization tank (2,6 m × 1,3 m × 1,1 m), early settling tank (1,6 m × 0,8 m × 0,9 m), anaerobic bio filter tank (2,5 m × 1,3 m × 1,4 m), aerobic bio filter tank (1,8 m × 1 m × 1 m), final settling tank (1,8 m × 0,7 m × 0,7 m) and chlorinated tank (0,6 m × 0,3 m × 0,4 m). This process system was chosen because it is in accordance with the amount of liquid waste treatment system is safe, inexpensive and easy to operate.