Aerial Vegetative Parts Research Articles

Morphoanatomy and histochemistry of Baccharis palustris: insights into a highly endangered endemic species from Southeastern America

Abstract Morphoanatomy and histochemistry of Baccharis palustris: insights into a highly endangered endemic species from Southeastern America. The phenotypic plasticity of the Baccharis genus makes species identification difficult, even at the flowering stage. In this context, morphoanatomical studies are a powerful tool for botanical authentication, mainly emphasizing the recognition of diagnostic characteristics that may be useful for distinguishing similar species. Given the limited knowledge available about the endemic species B. palustris, this work aimed to characterize the morphoanatomy and histochemistry of its vegetative aerial parts to identify characters with diagnostic value and to elucidate the sites of synthesis and accumulation of metabolites of medicinal importance. B. palustris leaf showed pinnate, camptodrome-brochidodrome venation patterns. Blade with dorsiventral mesophyll, aerenchymatous spongy parenchyma, collateral vascular bundles, and different types of stomata and trichomes, including glandular trichomes with a multi-layered base evidenced and described for the first time in the genus. The petiole was winged, with three collateral vascular bundles. The stem showed a penta-lobulated contour with unusual growth, starch, and crystals in the pith. The presence of secretory ducts and glandular trichomes, which synthesized lipids, terpenes/polyacetylenes, and phenolic compounds, was observed. The morphological/histochemical characteristics described in this work contribute to the knowledge of the species, highlighting the importance of its preservation as a valuable resource.

Phytochemical Screening, in vitro Anti-bacterial, and Antioxidant Efficacy of Solanum virginianum L. Aerial Vegetative Parts Extracted in Four Solvents

Phytochemical Screening, in vitro Anti-bacterial, and Antioxidant Efficacy of Solanum virginianum L. Aerial Vegetative Parts Extracted in Four Solvents

Chemical Variability of the Essential Oils from Two Portuguese Apiaceae: Coriandrum sativum L. and Foeniculum vulgare Mill.

Coriandrum sativum L. and Foeniculum vulgare Mill. are two aromatic and medicinal Apiaceae species commonly grown in Portugal, whose essential oils (EOs) are used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. The present study evaluated EOs isolated from the fruits and vegetative aerial parts (VAPs) of 11 samples of Coriandrum sativum L. and from the fruits of 19 samples of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. The plant material was grown in experimental fields, after collection from several regions of mainland Portugal. The EOs were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The coriander EOs analysis evidenced two main clusters, with the first containing the fruits' EOs dominated by linalool (60-73%), γ-terpinene, and α-pinene and the second with the VAPs' EOs, which showed 2-trans-decenal (37-63%) and n-decanal (13-30%) as the main compounds. The fennel EOs analysis revealed two well correlated clusters, the first dominated by estragole (34-76%) and fenchone (16-30%) and the other dominated by trans-anethole (37-56%) and fenchone (14-34%). The present data suggest coriander EOs' chemical descriptors as linalool for the fruits' EOs and 2-trans-decenal with n-decanal for the VAPs' EOs. For the fennel fruit EOs, the putative descriptors were trans-anethole and estragole, with variable fenchone content. The gathered data reinforce the relevance of clarifying variability of these species' EOs, particularly when considering aromatic and medicinal plants with such a wide range of applications.

Investigating the remediation potential of iron oxide nanoparticles in Cu-polluted soil-plant systems: coupled geochemical, geophysical and biological approaches.

Although the use of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) has high potential in remediation and agriculture, a major hindrance to their use includes the risk of contamination of soil and water resources with underexplored effects of IONPs on biota. The fate, phytotoxicity and remediation potential of IONPs are investigated with soil column experiments using 7 nm-sized magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (magnNPs) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Control soil, magnNP-containing soil (10 g magnNPs per kg soil), copper-polluted soil (500 mg Cu per kg soil) and copper-polluted soil containing magnNPs (10 g magnNPs per kg soil and 500 mg Cu per kg soil) support sunflower growth for 57 and 95 days. In magnNP-exposed plants, the occurrence of magnNPs does not affect the growth of the vegetative aerial parts and photosynthetic efficiency. Decreased lipid peroxidation indicates an enhanced antioxidant enzymatic response of magnNP-exposed plants. In plants grown in Cu- and magnNP–Cu-soils, the physiological and biochemical impacts of excess copper are clearly identified, resulting in growth retardation, decreased pigment contents and photosynthetic efficiency, and increased lipid peroxidation and peroxidase (POD) activities. Based on magnetic susceptibility, a higher amount of magnNPs is detected after 57 days in the roots of magnNP-exposed plants (1400 mg kg−1) than in the roots of magnNP–Cu-exposed plants (920 mg kg−1). In the latter, magnNP internalization is likely hampered because of the plants' physiological responses to Cu toxicity. At the working Cu and magnNP concentrations, magnNPs neither decrease Cu accumulation in the plant tissues nor alleviate the overall growth retardation of sunflowers and certain phytotoxic effects induced by excess Cu. However, this study highlights several positive environmental aspects relative to magnNP use, including the harmless effects of magnNPs on sunflowers (1% magnNPs in soil) and the ability of magnNPs to influence Cu mobility in the soil (which could be even more pronounced at lower Cu concentration).

Chemical compositions of the essential oils of inflorescence and vegetative aerial parts of Elsholtzia blanda (Benth.) Benth. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) from Meghalaya, North-East India

The compositional analysis of essential oil content in inflorescence and vegetative aerial parts of Elsholtzia blanda Benth. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) growing wild in Meghalaya,North-East India were studied by GC and GC-MS. A total of 30 and 17 components representing 96.9%-98.3% and 92.6%-92.8% of the total oils from the inflorescence and vegetative aerial parts, respectively, were identified. Significant difference in composition of oils were observed between the two plant parts; 15 components detected in the oil of inflorescence were lacking in the oil of vegetative aerial parts, while two components present in the oil of vegetative aerial parts were absent in the inflorescence oil. Linalool was the major component in oils of both inflorescence (77.3%-80.2%) and vegetative aerial parts (57.9%-62.9%). Trans- linalool oxide (8.4%-9.9%), cis-linalool oxide (8.3%-9.3%) and 3,7-dimethyl-1,5-octadiene-3,7-diol (4.7%-5.1%) were however found in higher amount in the oil of vegetative aerial parts compared to inflorescence. For the first time the composition of oil in the inflorescence part has been reported in this communication while the oil from vegetative aerial parts containing linalool as the major component (44.9%) was although reported earlier but comparatively higher percentage of same was observed in vegetative aerial part (57.9%-62.9%) and inflorescence (77.3%-80.2%) in the present investigation with the plants from Meghalaya, India.

Original Article. Effects of loose kernel smut caused by Sporisorium cruentum onrhizomes of Sorghum halepense

Abstract The effect of loose kernel smut fungus Sporisorium cruentum on Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) was investigated in vitro and in greenhouse experiments. Smut infection induced a decrease in the dry matter of rhizomes and aerial vegetative parts of the plants evaluated. Moreover, the diseased plants showed a lower height than controls. The infection resulted in multiple smutted buds that caused small panicles infected with the fungus. In addition, changes were observed in the structural morphology of the host. Leaf tissue sections showed hyphae degrading chloroplasts and vascular bundles colonized by the fungus. Subsequently, cells collapsed and widespread necrosis was observed as a symptom of the disease. The pathogen did not colonize the gynoecium of Sorghum plants until the tassel was fully developed. The sporulation process of the fungus led to a total disintegration of anthers and tissues. When panicles were inspected before emergence, fungal hyphae were observed on floral primord. Histological sections of panicles showed fungal hyphae located in the parenchyma tissue and the nodal area. Infection occurred in the floral primordium before the tassel had fully developed and emerged from the flag leaf. Grains were replaced by sori surrounded by a thin membrane that usually was broken before or after the emergence of the panicle. The results, together with the significant decrease of the dry matter of rhizomes and seeds of S. halepense, suggest that S. cruentum could be considered as a potential biocontrol agent in the integrated management of this weed.

Baccharis rufescens Spreng. var. tenuifolia (DC.) Baker: contribuição ao estudo farmacognóstico

Baccharis rufescens Spreng. var. tenuifolia (DC.) Baker pertence à família Asteraceae e é usada na medicina tradicional como estomáquico e hepatoprotetor. Um estudo fitoquímico mostrou a presença de flavonoides e triterpenos, sendo que os extratos clorofórmico e metanólico de folhas apresentaram-se ativos no bioensaio de toxicidade sobre Artemia salina Leach. Além disso, extratos clorofórmicos evidenciaram a presença de peróxidos, sugerindo sua aplicação no tratamento da malária (Schenkel at al., 2002; Montanher et al., 2002; Moreira et al., 2003). Considerando a importância farmacológica de B. rufescens var. tenuifolia, o presente trabalho objetivou o estudo morfoanatômico e histoquímico do caule e da folha dessa espécie, a fim de fornecer subsídios farmacognósticos para o controle de qualidade. O material botânico foi submetido às técnicas usuais empregadas na microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Folha anfiestomática, presença de estômatos anomocíticos, tricomas glandulares capitados bisseriados, tricomas tectores flageliformes simples unisseriados, dutos secretores associados ao floema, calota de fibras perivasculares e cristais de oxalato de cálcio do tipo estiloide e prismático na região medular do caule foram as principais características observadas que auxiliam na identificação do táxon.

Characterization of the volatile fraction of Nigritella nigra (L.) Rchb. F. (Orchidaceae), a rare species from the Central Alps

The volatile fraction from vegetative aerial parts and inflorescences of Nigritella nigra (L.) Rchb. F. (Orchidaceae) collected in Val Varrone (Orobie Alps, Italy) was isolated by steam distillation and analysed by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The oil yield was 0.2% and 0.9% (weight/fresh weight bases) for leaves and inflorescences, respectively. Several classes of compounds were detected, including alcohols, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, acids and terpenes. Volatiles from inflorescences were characterized by higher concentrations of alcohols, of which benzyl alcohol (28.9% of the total oil, 246.8 μg/g) and 2-phenylethanol (10.4%, 89.1 μg/g) were the most represented. Leaves were instead characterized by phenylacetaldehyde as the major constituent, quoted as 14.7% (24.0 μg/g) of the total volatiles, followed by linear chain saturated hydrocarbons, a class of compounds representing 40.1% (65.6 μg/g) of the total oil. The presence of vanillin, revealed in inflorescences only and quantified in this plant organ as 0.8% (6.5 μg/g) of the total volatiles, seems to be related to the typical chocolate-like fragrance characteristic of the flowers of this species.

Composition of essential oils and secretory structures of Baccharis anomala, B. megapotamica and B. ochracea

The chemical composition of the essential oils and the anatomical structures of the aerial parts from Baccharis anomala, B. megapotamica and B. ochracea growing in Brazil were studied. The volatile constituents isolated by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer detector (GC-MSD) and gas chromatograph coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The botanical material was fixed, sectioned and prepared according to light and scanning microtechniques. The essential oil from B. anomala yielded 0.18% and showed α-acorenol (16.0%), spathulenol (13.3%) and caryophyllene oxide (12.1%) as the main components. Spathulenol (28.0% and 37.1%) and caryophyllene oxide (20.4% and 30.8%) represented the major constituents of the essential oils from B. megapotamica (yield = 0.17%) and B. ochracea (yield = 0.18%), respectively. The leaves and stems of these Baccharis species showed non-glandular trichomes and secretory ducts. Glandular trichomes were also found on the vegetative aerial parts of B. megapotamica

ANÁLISE MICROSCÓPICA FOLIAR DE MUTAMBA (Guazuma ulmifolia LAM., MALVACEAE)

Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. é uma planta arbórea, nativa das Américas e reposicionada atualmente na família Malvaceae. É conhecida comumente como mutamba ou chico-magro, e utilizada na medicinal popular como cicatrizante e no tratamento de distúrbios gastrointestinais e respiratórios. Estudos fitoquímicos indicaram a presença de taninos e flavonoides nos órgãos vegetativos aéreos. Ensaios farmacológicos comprovaram as atividades gastroprotetora e antibacteriana de extratos da planta. Ao analisar a anatomia foliar de G. ulmifolia, este trabalho buscou estabelecer os caracteres estruturais de fácil reconhecimento para a identificação microscópica dessa potencial droga vegetal. O material foi coletado de espécimes cultivados no Cerrado. Estudaram-se o terço inferior do limbo e o pecíolo de folhas adultas, por meio de observações feitas em microscopia fotônica e eletrônica de varredura. Testes microquímicos foram também conduzidos com reativos usuais. Em ambas as faces epidérmicas, ocorrem tricomas estelares e glandulares. Os primeiros são formados por tricomas tectores unicelulares, reunidos pela base. Os glandulares são capitados, apresentando um pedicelo curto e glândula ovoide. A cutícula é nitidamente estriada e os estômatos são anomocíticos e restritos à superfície abaxial. O mesofilo é dorsiventral e a nervura central tem secção biconvexa e é percorrida por um único feixe vascular em arco aberto, envolto sucessivamente por bainhas esclerenquimática e parenquimática, esta contendo compostos fenólicos. O pecíolo tem contorno circular e um ou mais feixes vasculares colaterais. Ocorrem células com conteúdo mucilaginoso e fenólico na folha, bem como cristais prismáticos de oxalato de cálcio.

Volatile and molecular characterization of two Portuguese endemic species: Angelica lignescens and Melanoselinum decipiens

Chemical and genetic differences of 11 individuals of Angelica lignescens and 3 individuals of Melanoselinum decipiens were studied to determine whether volatile components could be used as taxonomical markers and to examine the correlation between molecular and chemical markers. The volatiles were isolated from each individual by distillation–extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The same plants were analyzed by Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) using 14 arbitrary primers. The main component of volatile fraction isolated from vegetative aerial parts of A. lignescens was limonene (57–86%) while in M. decipiens the main components detected were β-pinene (38–47%) and sabinene (1–33%). Cluster analyses based both on the chemical composition of volatile fraction and on molecular markers grouped the 14 accessions in two main groups, corresponding to each of the two species under study. Considering the species together, a moderate Pearson's correlation of r = 0.61 was obtained between the two analyses.

Diurnal variations of non-structural carbohydrates in vegetative tissues of Melinis minutiflora, Echinolaena inflexa and Lolium multiflorum (Poaceae)

Echinolaena inflexa (Poir.) Chase is a native C3 grass species with high biomass production and abundance in the cerrado comparable to Melinis minutiflora Beauv., a C4 forage grass of African origin, widespread in the cerrado, displacing some native herbaceous species. These species accumulate mainly starch, differently of Lolium multiflorum Lam. ssp. italicum Beck cv. Lema (ryegrass), a C3 temperate forage grass that accumulates fructans as the major storage carbohydrate in the vegetative tissues. In the present study, we analyzed diurnal variations in the content and composition of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in the aerial vegetative parts of the three species. Results showed similarity in water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and starch contents between Melinis minutiflora and Echinolaena inflexa, with the exotic grass accumulating higher amounts of NSC. However, the levels of sucrose, glucose and fructose were 10 fold higher in Lolium multiflorum, that accumulates fructan as the main storage carbohydrate. Although the contents of WSC and starch were similar in the tropical species E. inflexa and M. minutiflora, their diurnal variations were different and could be related to starch metabolism, especially in M. minutiflora.

Evaluation of toxic/protective effects of the essential oil of Salvia officinalis on freshly isolated rat hepatocytes

For this study the essential oil (EO) of sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) was isolated from air-dried vegetative aerial parts of the plants by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and GC–MS. A total yield of 12.07 mg of EO per g of plant dry mass was obtained and more than 50 compounds identified. The major compounds were cis-thujone (17.4%), α-humulene (13.3%), 1,8-cineole (12.7%), E-caryophyllene (8.5%) and borneol (8.3%). The EO fraction of sage tea was also isolated by partition with pentane and the respective components identified. The toxic and antioxidant protective effects of S. officinalis EO were evaluated on freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Cell viability (LDH leakage), lipid peroxidation and glutathione status were measured in experiments undertaken with cells (suspensions of 1 × 10 6 cells per millilitre) exposed to EO alone (toxicity of the EO; t-BHP as positive control); and with cells exposed to EO and an oxidative compound ( t-BHP) together (in EO protection evaluation; quercetin as positive control) for 30 min. The results show that the EO is not toxic when present at concentrations below 200 nl/ml; it was only at 2000 nl EO/ml that a significant LDH leakage and GSH decrease were observed indicating cell damage. In the range of concentrations tested, the EO did not show protective effects against t-BHP-induced toxicity.

Comparison of volatile inflorescence oils and taxonomy of certain Cymbopogon taxa described as Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) Wats.

Abstract The inflorescence oils of four taxa of Cymbopogon flexuosus . RRLJ 1279 is typical while the others, RRLJ 1280, RRLJ 1277 and RRLJ 1752, as unusual chemomorphological taxa of the species have been studied by GC and GC–MS from taxonomic and economic point of view. Seventy-seven constituents representing between 94.3% and 99.05% of the total oils of the taxa were identified. Citral, citronellol, elemicin and methyl eugenol ether were the main constituents of the oils of RRLJ 1279, RRLJ 1280, RRLJ 1277 and RRLJ 1752, respectively. Nine constituents detected in the oils of RRLJ 1279, five in RRLJ 1280, 18 in RRLJ 1277 and ten in RRLJ 1752 were not detected in others. Amongst these oil constituents of individual distinction, neral alone constituted 26.1–26.8% of the total oils in RRLJ 1279, citronellol 30–32.1% in RRLJ 1280, 1–10 diepicubenol 6.6–7.6% in RRLJ 1277 and (E)-methyl isoeugenol 20.7–21.1% in RRLJ 1752. The taxa investigated thus revealed distinct chemical characters and when considered together with their differences in morphology, they warrant recognition as distinct taxa. Recognition of each taxon as a varietal entity would be justified as these taxa have been described as single species, Cymbopogon flexuosus . For all these taxa, the oil yields were registered over 1% level and the oils were also rich in many aroma-chemicals of potential industrial value. Thus, the inflorescence oils of these taxa also need to be reviewed for their commercial use as that of their foliage or vegetative aerial parts.

Bonaspectins and neobonaspectins, first sesquilignans and sesquineolignans from a convolvulaceous species

Four new tetrahydrofuran-type sesquilignans, named bonaspectin A, bonaspectin B, bonaspectin C 4″-β-glucoside and bonaspectin D 4″-β-glucoside, as well as two new 8.O.4′-type sesquineolignans, named neobonaspectin A and B, were isolated from the aerial vegetative parts of Bonamia spectabilis (Convolvulaceae), together with the known compound rel-(7S,8S,7′R,8′R)-3,3′,4,4′,5,5′-hexamethoxy-7.O.7′,8.8′-lignan. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral data.

Arcapitins A - C, First Dammarane-Type Triterpenes from the Convolvulaceae§

Three new dammarane-type triterpenes, named arcapitin A, B and C, were isolated from the roots of Argyreia capitata (Convolvulaceae). They turned out to be 11α-acetoxydammar-24-ene-20(S)-ol-3-one, damm ar-24-ene-11a,20(S)-diol-3-one and 11a-acetoxydammar-24- ene-3β,20(S)-diol. While the same compounds were also detected in the aerial vegetative parts of this species, their occurrence in a number of other convolvulaceous species could not be confirmed.

Flavonoid sulfates from the Convolvulaceae1Part 7 in the series “Phytochemistry and Chemotaxonomy of the Convolvulaceae”. For part 6 see Schimming, T., Mann, P., Tofern, B., Richter, A., Jenett-Siems, K., Dräger, B., Asano, N., Gupta, M. P., Correa, M. D. and Eich, E., Phytochemistry (submitted). Presented in part at the 45th Annual Congress of the Society for Medicinal Plant Research, 1997,

Abstract A novel flavonoid, quercetin 7-methyl ether-3,3′-disulfate ( 5 ), was obtained from the roots of Argyreia mollis , together with the known compounds quercetin 7-methyl ether-3-sulfate ( 4 ) and kaempferol 7-methyl ether-3-sulfate ( 2 ). Two further new flavonoid sulfates, quercetin 3,7-dimethyl ether-4′-sulfate ( 6 ) and quercetin 3′,4′,7-trimethyl ether-3-sulfate ( 8 ), were isolated from the aerial vegetative parts of Ipomoea regnellii , together with the known compound kaempferol 4′,7-dimethyl ether-3-sulfate ( 3 ). This is the first report on sulfated flavonoids in the Convolvulaceae family and, furthermore, the presence of flavonoids in A. capitata , A. mollis , I. reticulata and I. regnellii is reported for the first time.

Effect of increased cobalt treatments on cobalt concentration and growth of tomato plants

An experiment developed in soilless culture was used to study the effect of several levels of Co2+ (0, 5, 15, and 30 mg L‐1 ) on the growth of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum M. cv. Ramy). Absorption, transport, and accumulation of this metal in roots, stems, leaves, and fruits were also studied. Uptake was increased by application of this metal concentration in the nutrient solution, efficiency of root uptake of cobalt decreased with increased Co2+ treatment in the soilless culture system. The translocation of Co2+ from roots to aerial vegetative parts was increased with the time of experiment and Co2+ concentration in the nutrient solution. The presence of this metal in nutrient solution reduced tomato leaf production and elongation, specially at higher treatments.

Fate and effects on yield components of extra applications of nitrogen on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in solution culture

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown with daily additions of nitrate-N. The relative addition rate of nitrate-N was decreased stepwise, and after 125 days of growth, 58 mg N plant-1 had been introduced. The fate and effect of an extra addition of nitrate (20 mg N plant-1) at six different times during the ontogeny (37, 54, 66, 79, 94 and 108 days from sowing) on grain yield and grain protein concentration was investigated. The plants absorbed all or most of the extra nitrate at all stages of development evaluated. Dry matter production of both aerial vegetative parts and grains, but not roots, generally increased as a result of the extra nitrate addition. The increase in grain dry matter was mainly an effect of an increased number of grains per plant. Extra nitrate applications had large effects on grain nitrogen content at all stages, but the effect on main shoot and tiller ears varied depending on the time of application. Early applications, i.e. before anthesis, mainly led to increased yield with unchanged protein concentration whereas late applications also led to increased grain protein concentration. The largest effect on grain nitrogen concentration (25–30% increase) was obtained when the extra nitrate was applied late after sowing, i.e. less than four weeks before final harvest. As the extra dose of nitrate was labelled with 15N, it was possible to follow the movement of the extra nitrogen addition within the plant. Samples were taken at one and five days after 15N-addition and at final harvest. There were differences in the movement of 15N depending on when it was introduced. Generally, net movement of the 15N-labelled N into the grain increased with age at application until 94 days after sowing when a maximum of 90% of the added 15N ended up in the grain.

Primula albenensis sp. nov., una nuova entità del sottogenere Auriculastrum nelle Prealpi Bergamasche (Alpi sudorientali, Lombardia)

Authors describe a new species of Primula they found some years ago on Mount Alben, to the northeast of Bergamo. Primula albenensis sp. nov. in very close to P. hirsuta All.; the new entity is easily distinguished by a conspicuous farinosity scattering nearly all vegetative aerial parts of the plant, lacking at all in P. hirsuta. Another important difference deals with the ecology of the new species: it grows directly on dolomitic rocks belonging to the Dolomia Principale formation, where the soil is quite absent and basic conditions strongly dominate. These circumstances determine a clear isolation that corroborates the systematic independence of the taxon that represents one of the «smallest groups that are consistently and persistently distinct, and distinguishable by ordinary means». The species, characterized by a morphological, not only ecological population uniformity, is completely fertile with normal pollen development and might be assumed to have originated before the last glaciation as consequence of isolation or, less probably, as speciation product deriving from an ancient hybridization. Latin diagnosis and description are provided. Finally distribution ecology and phytosociology of the new species are taken into consideration.