Adverse Stress Research Articles

Genome-wide identification of cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases in sweet cherry reveals that PaCRK1 enhances sweet cherry resistance to salt stress.

Forty PaCRKs have been identified from sweet cherry and overexpression PaCRK1 in sweet cherry enhances its resistance to salt stress. Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs), a large subgroup of the receptor-like kinases, play an important role in plant development and stress response. However, knowledge about CRKs and its function against adverse environmental stresses in sweet cherry were lacking. In this study, 40 PaCRKs were identified from sweet cherry (Prunus avium) genome database. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PaCRKs could be classified into six subgroups. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression levels of most PaCRKs were changed under external environmental stresses. Functional study showed that PaCRK1 overexpression could enhance Arabidopsis and sweet cherry tolerance to salt stress. Moreover, biochemical analysis showed that PaCRK1 increased salt tolerance of sweet cherry by regulating the expression of antioxidation-related genes and their enzyme activities. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of PaCRKs in sweet cherry and elucidates the potential role of PaCRKs in response to various environmental stimuli.

CRISPR-Cas9 for treatment of bipolar disorder caused by gene mutation

Bipolar disorder is a highly debilitating psychiatric illness that is associated with great morbidity and extreme mood changes inducing emotional highs（mania) and lows (depression). Scientists have found that bipolar is a kind of complicated mental illness and difficult to fully heal. Bipolar is caused by three main factors, environmental, biological, and genetic factors. Adverse life events and environmental stress events can induce the onset of affective disorder. This bipolar disorder is one of our most heritable psychiatric disorders. It's second only to autism. The patient has abnormal central neurotransmitter metabolism and corresponding receptor function changes, neuroendocrine dysfunction, mainly the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex axis, and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis dysfunction. Based on researches, the gene mutation is one of the pathogenic factors for bipolar disorder, and there is no therapy has been confirmed that can cure bipolar disorder so far. Thanks to the development of biotechnology, microbiologists developed a new technology. Nowadays, we try to cure bipolar disorder by CRISPR. CRISPR is a new microbiology technology by correcting mutation gene and re-editing it to reduce bipolar disorder incidence. Thus, our study provides a basis for studying gene mutation, therapy of bipolar disorder, and CRISPR technology in the future.

Genome-wide characterization and function analysis uncovered roles of wheat LIMs in responding to adverse stresses and TaLIM8-4D function as a susceptible gene.

The Lin-11, Isl-1, and Mec-3 domains (LIM) transcription factors play essential roles in regulating plant biological processes. Despite that, there is a lack of a full understanding of LIMs in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, 28 wheat LIM s (TaLIMs) were identified and designated as TaLIM1-1A to TaLIM12-7D. The cis-regulatory element analysis showed that TaLIMs were rich in elements related to biological and abiotic stresses. Expression profiling analysis showed that certain members of TaLIMs were responsive to biotic and abiotic stresses, such as TaLIM1-1A, TaLIM3-2B, TaLIM8-4D, and TaLIM10-5D, were significantly induced by heat, drought, sodium chloride (NaCl), abscisic acid (ABA) and Fusarium graminearum stresses. Furthermore, the biological function of TaLIM8-4D was analyzed and results showed that it was subcellular localization in the nucleus and could induce weak cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Additionally, overexpression of TaLIM8-4D could upregulate plant pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, promoting the infection of hemibiotrophic pathogen, implying that TaLIM8-4D could function as susceptible gene in the nucleus by upregulating PR genes and inducing cell death to promote the colonization of hemibiotrophic agent F. graminearum. Overall, the systematic identification, characterization, expression profiling, evolutionary, and function analyses provided the ability to understand TaLIMs and laid a foundation for the further function study of LIM family members in wheat.

Effect of Kangaroo Mother Care on the Psychological Stress Response and Sleep Quality of Mothers With Premature Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of kangaroo mother care on the psychological stress response and sleep quality of mothers with premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).MethodsA randomized controlled design was used to recruit participants. The study recruited 126 mothers of premature infants in the NICU from January 2019 to January 2020. The participants were divided into the experimental and control groups according to the random number table method (63 mothers per group). The control group was managed with conventional premature infant treatment, nursing programme, and discharge education, whereas the experimental group was managed with a 4-week kangaroo mother care intervention. The psychological stress state and sleep status of mothers with preterm infants in both the groups were evaluated using the Symptom Check List 90 (SCL-90) and Assens Insomnia Scale (AIS).ResultsAfter the intervention, the total SCL-90 score and factor scores such as coercion, interpersonal relationships, depression, anxiety, hostility and additional factors, were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The total AIS score and the items such as night waking, total sleep time, total sleep quality, daytime mood and daytime body function were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe Kangaroo mother care approach can relieve adverse psychological stress and improve the sleep status of mothers of NICU premature infants after mother-infant separation. It can be promoted and used in mothers of premature infants in the NICU to enhance physical and mental health.

Performance indicators of sheep fed rice straw supplemented with browse leaves

The use of browse leaves as a protein source can help ruminants cope with adverse nutritional stress under unpredictable climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to determine feed intake, digestibility, metabolisable energy intake, weight gain and feed conversion efficiency of sheep fed untreated rice straw supplemented with browse leaves. Four forest type rams with an average weight of 27.75± 0.89 kg (2 years old) and in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design were used in the digestibility study. Twelve ram lambs of average weight 13.2 kg ± 0.05 kg were assigned to the experimental diets randomly for 12 weeks in the growth study in a completely randomized design. Animals were fed four diets namely: Untreated rice straw (URS) + Albizzia lebbek (AL) (Control), URS + Moringa oleifera (MO), URS + Ficus exasperata (FE) and URS + Spondias mombin (SM). The dietary treatment influenced (p&lt;0.05) the digestible organic matter in dry matter (DOMD), maintenance energy requirement (MEm), metabolisable energy intake (MEI) and ratio of metabolisable energy intake to maintenance energy requirement (MEI: MEm). The DOMD, MEm, MEI and MEI: MEm were in the range of 965-983 g/kgDM, 3.61-5.36 MJ/d, 9.51-15.8 MJ/d and 2.63-3.38 respectively. The total intake of browse and straw ranged from 428.71 to 487.14 g/d. The average daily gain ranged from 7.14 to 20.24 g/d. The animals fed URS+FE recorded the highest average daily gain (p&lt;0.05) while the animals fed URS+AL recorded the lowest average daily gain (p&lt;0.05). Feed conversion efficiency ranged from 25.97 to 71.45 kg feed/ kg gain. The sheep fed URS+FE were the most efficient (p&lt;0.05) and those fed URS+AL, the least efficient (p&lt;0.05). Supplementation of browse leaves to sheep using untreated rice straw as a basal diet improved digestibility with moderate weight gains. These browse leaves (AL, FE, MO and SM) can be used to supplement poor quality ruminant diets for improved performance particularly during periods of feed scarcity. Key words: Digestible organic matter in dry matter, metabolisable energy, weight gain

Impact of long duration wearing of N95 masks on cardiorespiratory system and subjective sensations of health-care workers during COVID-19 era.

N95 mask being an essential element of personal protective equipment to be worn by health-care workers (HCWs) may lead to adverse effects and physiological stress as HCWs have to wear it for prolonged hours. Therefore, we planned to conduct a study in our intensive care unit staff to look for the effects of N95 masks on their health as well as to plan recommendations to ease them. We conducted this study on our intensive care unit nursing staff and HCWs. We noted their oxygen saturation and heart rate at baseline as well as after 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 6 h of duty along with their subjective sensations. Institutional ethical clearance for the same was taken. Collected data were entered in MS Excel database and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Fisher's Z test was applied for comparing proportion and analysis of variance for comparing two means. One hundred and nine HCWs participated in this, out of which 93 (85.3%) were females and 16 (14.7%) were males. Eighty-four (77.1%) participants were below 40 years. Twenty-three participants (21.1%) were overweight and 37 (33.9%) were obese. There was no significant drop in saturation and rise in heart rate during these hours. On comparing subjective sensations of HCWs, our study found that feeling of uneasiness was found more in less than 40 years age group as compared to more than 40 years. N95 masks were found to have no impact on cardiovascular system and do not lead to hypoxia while working routinely even for prolonged hours.

LssR plays a positive regulatory role in acid and nisin tolerance response of Lactococcus lactis

In Lactococcus lactis, different regulation mechanisms can be activated to overcome the effects of adverse environmental stresses. Here, a TetR family regulator LssR was demonstrated as a positive regulator in the activation of the mechanisms involved in acid and nisin tolerance of L. lactis. The deletion of lssR led to the reduction of tolerance of L. lactis NZ9000 to nisin and acid stress, and the survival rates of NZ9000 under nisin and acid stress were roughly 20-fold, 10-fold (pH 3.0, hydrochloric acid), and 8.9-fold (pH 4.0, lactic acid) of the lssR mutant NZΔlssR, respectively. Moreover, the lssR mutant NZΔlssR also displayed a lower intracellular pH stability and a changed cell surface morphology. Subsequently, transcriptome analysis revealed that genes related to the arginine deiminase pathway, the surface polysaccharides biosynthesis, carbohydrates transport and metabolism, multidrug resistance, cell repair proteins and chaperones were predominantly down transcribed in NZΔlssR. The transcript levels of the arginine deiminase pathway and the surface polysaccharides biosynthesis-associated genes under acid and nisin stresses were compared between the wild type NZ9000 and NZΔlssR using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. It revealed that the arginine deiminase pathway genes (arcD1C1C2T) and the surface polysaccharides biosynthesis genes (cgT, gmhB, gmhA, hddA, tagH and tarS) were proposed to be the main regulatory mechanisms of LssR in response to the acid and nisin stresses. Overall, the important role of LssR in the acid and nisin stresses response was demonstrated and the putative regulation mechanism of LssR was revealed.

The Influence of Static Load and Sideways Impact Fall on Extramedullary Bone Plates Used to Treat Intertrochanteric Femoral Fracture: A Preclinical Strength Assessment.

Hip fracture accounts for a large number of hospitalizations, thereby causing substantial economic burden. Majority (> 90%) of all hip fractures are associated to sideways fall. Studies on sideways fall usually involve loading at quasi-static or at constant displacement rate, which neglects the physics of actual fall. Understanding femur resonance frequency and associated mode shapes excited by dynamic loads is also critical. Two commercial extramedullary implants, proximal femoral locking plate (PFLP) and variable angle dynamic hip screw (VA-DHS), were chosen to carry out the preclinical assessments on a simulated Evans-I type intertrochanteric fracture. In this study, we hypothesized that the behavior of the implant depends on the loading types-axial static and transverse impact-and a rigid implanted construct will absorb less impact energy for sideways fall. The in silico models were validated using experimental measurements of full-field strain data obtained from a 2D digital image correlation (DIC) study. Under peak axial load of 3 kN, PFLP construct predicted greater axial stiffness (1.07 kN/mm) as opposed to VA-DHS (0.85 kN/mm), although the former predicted slightly higher proximal stress shielding. Further, with greater mode 2 frequency, PFLP predicted improved performance in resisting bending due to sideways fall as compared to the other implant. Overall, the PFLP implanted femur predicted the least propensity to adverse stress intensities, suggesting better structural rigidity and higher capacity in protecting the fractured femur against fall.

OsSPL88 Encodes a Cullin Protein that Regulates Rice Growth and Development.

Plant lesion mimics refer to necrotic spots spontaneously produced by the plant without mechanical damage, pathogen invasion, and adversity stress. Here, we isolated and characterized two rice (Oryza sativa L) mutants, namely, spl88-1 (spotted leaf88-1) and spl88-2 (spotted leaf88-2), which were identified from an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized japonica cultivar Xiushui 11 population. Physiological and biochemical experiments indicated that more ROS accumulated in spl88-1 and spl88-2 than in wild type. spl88-1 and spl88-2 displayed spontaneous cell death and enhanced their resistance to bacterial blight by affecting the expression of defense-related genes. We isolated SPL88 by map-based cloning, which encoded a highly conserved Cullin protein. A single base deletion was detected in spl88-1 and spl88-2, in which the 132nd base C of SPL88-1 and the 381th base T of SPL88-2 were deleted, causing premature termination of protein translation. SPL88 was expressed in root, stem, leaf, leaf sheath, and panicle. The Cullin protein was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The aforementioned results indicate that SPL88 regulates the growth and development of rice by affecting the expression of defense-related genes.

Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) modulate multiple lipid metabolism pathways to improve plant resistance.

Biological and abiotic stresses such as salt, extreme temperatures, and pests and diseases place major constraints on plant growth and crop yields. Fatty acids (FAs) and FA- derivatives are unique biologically active substance that show a wide range of functions in biological systems. They are not only participated in the regulation of energy storage substances and cell membrane plasm composition, but also extensively participate in the regulation of plant basic immunity, effector induced resistance and systemic resistance and other defense pathways, thereby improving plant resistance to adversity stress. Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) is involved in the desaturation of fatty acids, where desaturated fatty acids can be used as substrates for FA-derivatives. In this paper, the role of omega-FADs (ω-3 FADs and ω-6 FADs) in the prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathways of fatty acid biosynthesis in plant defense against stress (biological and abiotic stress) and the latest research progress were summarized. Moreover' the existing problems in related research and future research directions were also discussed. Fatty acid desaturases are involved in various responses of plants during biotic and abiotic stress. For example, it is involved in regulating the stability and fluidity of cell membranes, reactive oxygen species signaling pathways, etc. In this review, we have collected several experimental studies to represent the differential effects of fatty acid desaturases on biotic and abiotic species. Fatty acid desaturases play an important role in regulating biotic and abiotic stresses.

A Guide for Implementing Surgeon Resilience Initiatives: An Example of Surgical Peer Support.

A Guide for Implementing Surgeon Resilience Initiatives: An Example of Surgical Peer Support.

Longitudinal Associations Between Core Self-Evaluation, Vital Exhaustion and Hair Cortisol in Teachers and the Mediating Effects of Resignation Tendency.

Work-related stress appears to be especially high among teachers. However, most research on teacher stress relies exclusively on teachers’ self-reports. Little is known about the physiological correlates of affective stress in teachers. This longitudinal study investigates the relationship between core self-evaluation and adverse psychological and physiological stress outcomes in 42 teachers. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess core self-evaluation, vital exhaustion, and resignation tendency. The concentration of cortisol was assessed using hair samples. One year after the initial measurement, vital exhaustion and hair cortisol were assessed again. Path-analytic mediational models showed that core self-evaluation strongly predicted vital exhaustion, and resignation tendency partially mediated this relationship. However, core self-evaluation did not predict hair cortisol concentration. These findings suggest that core self-evaluation plays a crucial role in preventing vital exhaustion among teachers. A positive core self-evaluation seems beneficial for teachers’ primary and secondary appraisal and an essential resource for the long-term prevention of self-reported vital exhaustion.

Identification of the cuticle protein AccCPR2 gene in Apis cerana cerana and its response to environmental stress.

Cuticular proteins (CPs) are known to play important roles in insect development and defence responses. The loss of CP genes can lead to changes in insect morphology and sensitivity to the external environment. In this study, we identified the AccCPR2 gene, which belongs to the CPR family (including the R&R consensus motif) of CPs, and explored its function in the response of Apis cerana cerana to adverse external stresses. Our results demonstrated that AccCPR2 was highly expressed in the late pupal stage and epidermis, and the expression of AccCPR2 may be induced or inhibited under different stressors. RNA interference experiments showed that knockdown of AccCPR2 reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, led to the accumulation of oxidative damage and suppressed the expression of several antioxidant genes. In addition, knockdown of AccCPR2 also reduced the pesticide resistance of A. cerana cerana. The overexpression of AccCPR2 in a prokaryotic system further confirmed its role in resistance to various stresses. In summary, AccCPR2 may play pivotal roles in the normal development and environmental stress response of A. cerana cerana. This study also enriched the theoretical knowledge of the resistance biology of bees.

Impact of resilience on disease severity and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with fibromyalgia

BackgroundResilience is the process of adjusting successfully in the face of adversity, trauma, threats, or severe stress, such as serious health problems. It is one of the factors that affect recovery from psychiatric disorders. It was suggested that fibromyalgia patients have low resilience. This study aimed to assess the impact of resilience on disease severity and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with fibromyalgia.ResultsWe found that patients with fibromyalgia had a significantly lower resilience and higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities than the control group (P < 0.05). Also, fibromyalgia patients with high disease severity had a significantly lower resilience and a higher percentage of psychiatric problems than those with a better disease state (P = 0.0001). Also, there was a significant negative correlation of resilience with disease severity (as assessed by the FIQ score), visual analog scale (VAS) of anxiety, and VAS of depression (P = 0.0001).ConclusionResilience significantly impacts the severity and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with fibromyalgia. So, enhancing and improving resilience must be considered in the management protocols of fibromyalgia patients.

Mechanism of drought and salt tolerance of &amp;lt;italic&amp;gt;OsLPL2/PIR &amp;lt;/italic&amp;gt;gene in rice

<p id="C3">Drought threatens global agricultural production and limits the prospects for sustainable agricultural development. Plant leaf epidermis plays a vital role in the process of growth, development, and resistance to adversity stress, and water and gas exchange with the external environment. In this study, compared with the wild-type Zhonghua 11 (ZH11), we found that mutants <italic>less pronounced lobe epidermal cell 2-1</italic> (<italic>lpl2-1</italic>) and<italic> less pronounced lobe epidermal cell 2-2</italic> (<italic>lpl2-2</italic>) were more sensitive to drought and salt stress response, and the survival rate after rewatering was extremely significantly reduced, which was less than half of the control. Compared with ZH11, <italic>lpl2-1 </italic>and<italic> lpl2-2</italic> had shorter plant height, shorter root length, significantly increased stomatal density and stomatal openings in the same phyllodes, and the serrated lobe of the epidermal cell margin becomes smoother, and the epidermal cell nesting was not tight, which might result in faster and more water loss of <italic>lpl2-1</italic> and <italic>lpl2-2</italic> than ZH11. The water loss experiment of separated leaves also proved that the water loss rate of <italic>lpl2-1</italic> and <italic>lpl2-2</italic> leaves was higher than that of the ZH11 in equal time. Overexpression of <italic>OsLPL2</italic> was transferred into <italic>lpl2-1</italic>, and the <italic>OE-OsLPL2</italic>/<italic>lpl2-1</italic> transgenic positive plants recovered the smooth epidermis of <italic>lpl2-1</italic> and the sensitive phenotype to drought and salt stress. These results showed that <italic>OsLPL2</italic> gene not only controlled the microfilament synthesis and morphogenesis of rice epidermal cells, but also played a key role in response to plant stress by regulating stomatal density, stomatal conductance, and root growth and development. This study provides a theoretical basis for revealing the molecular regulation mechanism of <italic>OsLPL2</italic> in response to drought stress in rice.

Assessment of Pseudomonas spp. for Growth Promotion, Biocontrol and Stress Tolerance Applicability towards Organic and Inorganic Pollutants

Organic and inorganic pollutants have deleterious effect in the environment, crops productivity, microbiomeand soil fertility. The persistence uses of toxic compound like pesticides not only affect soil health but alsoagitated ecosystem. Use of Plant Growth Promoting rhizobacteria can play an important role towardsachieving the objectives of sustainable ecosystem. Pseudomonas group of bacteria are known for theirremediation properties but are lesser explored for their growth promotion attributes and to alleviate otherabiotic and biotic stress in the agriculture system. The paper presents multifarious potential of Pseudomonasisolates obtained from agriculture fields in the vicinity of Ghaziabad, U.P (PGPM2, 3, 4, 5). Biochemicaltests for identification suggested that these isolates belong to Pseudomonads group of organisms. Further,molecular characterization through 16S RNA gene sequence analysis confirmed their identity as PGPM2-Pseudomonas species, PGPM3- Pseudomonas plecoglosida, PGPM4- Pseudomonas and PGPM5- Pseudomonasrespectively. Production of essential hormones such as indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid and phosphatesolubilisation activity have endorsed the plant growth promotion attribute by these isolates. Production ofammonia and secretion of lytic enzymes like lipase by PGPM2 and PGPM3 indicate stronger bio-controlabilities in these isolates as compared to other isolates, all isolates showed positive for the bio-film formation,a positive attribute that helps in colonising and surviving harsh environments. Bangle method establishedthe strong antagonistic activity that these isolates possess against 3 important plant root pathogens namelyMacrophominaphaseolina (41%) followed by Sclerotium rolfsii (36-15%) and Fusarium oxysporum (21%)respectively. Isolates PGPM2 &amp; PGPM3 showed maximum tolerance against salt (500MM) while isolatesPGPM2 and PGPM4 showed better tolerance to Pesticides monocrotophos and dimethoate (PGPM2- MICand LD50 and PGPM3 –MIC AND LD50). Host plant bioassay with pearl millets (bajra) revealed maximumgrowth promoting efficiency (root length and shoot length) by PGPM2. The manuscript provides abiochemical and physiological evidence that native Pseudomonas isolates not only promote plant growthbut also possess unique ability to tolerate adverse abiotic stress conditions such as tolerance to salt, organic(pesticides) and inorganic pollutants thus offering multiple growth supporting advantages to the planthost.

Improving Black adolescent daughter-single mother relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S.: A brief exploration of participant experiences.

PurposeUnderstand whether and how Black adolescent daughters’ relationships with their single mothers could be strengthened through an intervention to address adverse experiences and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsFive Black adolescent daughters of single mothers and five Black single mothers with adolescent daughters were interviewed during the pandemic who participated in a program designed to improve Black adolescent daughter-single mother relationships.ResultsChanges in work and school requirements impacted the daughter-mother relationship, with most respondents suggesting their relationships improved during COVID-19 due to involvement in this program.ConclusionsDespite the stress and strain of COVID-19, involvement in similar programs can strengthen daughter-mother relationships.

Priming with Small Molecule-Based Biostimulants to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Biostimulants became a hotspot in the fight to alleviate the consequences of abiotic stresses in crops. Due to their complex nature, it is challenging to obtain stable and reproducible final products and more challenging to define their mechanism of action. As an alternative, small molecule-based biostimulants, such as polyamines have promoted plant growth and improved stress tolerance. However, profound research about their mechanisms of action is still missing. To go further, we tested the effect of putrescine (Put) and its precursor ornithine (Orn) and degradation product 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP) at two different concentrations (0.1 and 1 mM) as a seed priming on in vitro Arabidopsis seedlings grown under optimal growth conditions, osmotic or salt stress. None of the primings affected the growth of the seedlings in optimal conditions but altered the metabolism of the plants. Under stress conditions, almost all primed plants grew better and improved their greenness. Only Orn-primed plants showed different plant responses. Interestingly, the metabolic analysis revealed the implication of the N- acetylornithine and Orn and polyamine conjugation as the leading player regulating growth and development under control and stress conditions. We corroborated polyamines as very powerful small molecule-based biostimulants to alleviate the adverse abiotic stress effects.

Determining launching construction parameters of superlong superwide bridges: A multiobjective optimization method using machine learning techniques

The launching construction parameters of bridges, such as the spacing of temporary piers and the length of launching noses, significantly affect the cost, shape and safety of the construction. Determining such parameters generally requires multistage manual comparison studies upon finite element (FE) analysis, which might become extremely tedious when superlong superwide structures with local stress concerns are involved. This paper proposes a multiobjective optimization method for determining the launching construction parameters of bridges while considering local stress constraints. The multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is employed as an optimization tool, whereas the intelligent algorithm (GSA-SVR) is used to establish a surrogate model. This model creates a direct mapping relationship between the design variables and the most adverse local stresses of deck segments in construction. Then, the launching construction of a superlong superwide steel box girder bridge is introduced as a case study. The effectiveness and merits of the method are validated by the optimization results and parametric studies. The study shows how the construction parameters can affect the trade-off between the cost and the shape results..

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Neuroscience-Informed Counseling: A Case for Multi-Tiered Caregiver Interventions in Schools

ABSTRACT Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and early life stress (ELS) affect the neurobiological development of children, potentially leading to alterations in stress responsive systems (SRSs) that affect children’s emotional, academic, and behavioral functioning. Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS) in schools are structured to address the needs of children with dysregulated SRSs. However, in this paper, we emphasize the importance of caregiver-focused interventions to engage caregivers as protective factors in partnering with schools toward academic success. We offer a model that incorporates caregiver interventions into a school’s existing MTSS framework by integrating and collaborating with counselors who specialize in systemic and neuroscience-informed counseling. The proposed Multi-tiered Neuroscience-Informed Caregiver Intervention model is based on working with caregivers and family systems to address the neurobiological effects of ACEs and ELS within an MTSS structure in a K-12 academic setting.