Adverse Impact Of Climate Change Research Articles

Biotechnological Tools for Livelihood Security for Mitigation of Adverse Impact of Climate Change in Environment in India

Biotechnological Tools for Livelihood Security for Mitigation of Adverse Impact of Climate Change in Environment in India

Evaluation of the Impact of Climate Change on the Water Balance of the Mixteco River Basin with the SWAT Model

Assessing the impact of climate change is essential for developing water resource management plans, especially in areas facing severe issues regarding ecosystem service degradation. This study assessed the effects of climate change on the hydrological balance using the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) hydrological model in the Mixteco River Basin (MRB), Oaxaca, Mexico. Temperature and precipitation were predicted with the projections of global climate models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6); the bias was corrected using CMhyd software, and then the best performing GCM was selected for use in the SWAT model. According to the GCM MPI-ESM1-2-LR, precipitation might decrease by between 83.71 mm and 225.83 mm, while temperature might increase by between 2.57 °C and 4.77 °C, causing a greater atmospheric evaporation demand that might modify the hydrological balance of the MRB. Water yield might decrease by 47.40% and 61.01% under the climate scenarios SP245 and SSP585, respectively. Therefore, adaptation and mitigation measures are needed to offset the adverse impact of climate change in the MRB.

The Role of Human Capital in Strengthening Energy Mix-Climate Change Relation: A Study of Selected Low and High Vulnerable Economies

Adaptive capacity of human is influenced by socio-economic factors such as skills, resources, technology and governance. Human-induced climate change is affecting all the nations of world. Adaptation measures are required to mitigate its effects. The aims of current research are: a) to identify the factors that can reduce vulnerability in low and high vulnerable countries, b) to find the factors that can moderate the effect of climate change in these countries, c) to compare the effect of these factors in high and low vulnerable economies. Panel Quantile Regression is used as an econometric technique to get the final results of the study. Sample is comprised of 40 low and high vulnerable countries, and data range from 1995-2020. Division of sample countries is based on the ranking of ND-GAINS. Data for present study is collected from ND-GAINS, WDI and PWT. Results exposed negative relationship between Human Capital and climate change vulnerability. Moreover, human capital along with energy-mix reduces climate change vulnerability in case of low and high vulnerable countries. Communication and education increase capacity-building skills and knowledge which help to reduce the risk associated with hazard and prepare us to deal with that hazard. Present study is conducted to highlight the importance of Socio-Economic factors in strengthening energy-mix climate change relation. This study will help the Policy makers and governments to cope with the adverse impact of climate change.

Representation of Forests in Pragya Nepali Aadhunik Katha: A Critical Inquiry

The portrayal of forests in literature has long captivated readers, evoking a spectrum of emotions including fear, mystery, and freedom, among others. This paper delves into the portrayal of forests in literature, particularly focusing on the narratives collected by the three volumes of Nepal Academy in Pragya Nepali Aadhunik Katha. Considering the adverse impact of climate change on forests, this paper argues that literature plays a crucial role in shaping societal perspectives and behaviors to combat climate crises. It argues for the inclusion of environmental themes, particularly forests, in literary works, advocating for their potential to inspire action and cultivate a sense of community engagement. The representation of forests in literature published by organizations such as Nepal Academy, a government body, could prove crucial in instigating behavioral changes among people and promoting sustainable choices that aid in combating the climate crisis. By analyzing the selected stories from the three volumes of Pragya Aadhunik Nepali Katha, this research explores the extent of agency given to forests as integral components of stories. The analysis will be contextualized within Michaels’ idea of “monoculture,” and other relevant discussions surrounding the climate crisis. The findings aim to highlight the importance of incorporating forests into literary narratives, encouraging an understanding of their significance among readers and policymakers alike.

Future eco-hydrological dynamics: Urbanization and climate change effects in a changing landscape: A case study of Birmingham's river basin

The global challenges of water availability and quality are driven by land use and climate changes, further exacerbated by global warming. Altered Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) due to urbanization, deforestation, and agriculture triggers many environmental issues to eco-hydrological systems, which are already profoundly impacted by shifting climate patterns. The Upper Black Warrior River Basin in Birmingham, Alabama, is a prime example of how converting forests into urban areas impairs water quality and increases surface runoff due to impermeable surfaces. This study delved into the temporal and spatial alterations in eco-hydrologically relevant flows, considering individual and combined climate change scenarios and LULC transformation. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) served as the modeling platform, calibrated (2016–2022) and validated (2011–2015) at a daily time scale. Five distinct scenarios were crafted to portray eco-hydrology's past, present, and future responses (runoff and river nutrients) to climate and LULC variations. The model demonstrated strong performance for discharge and predicted increased runoff in future periods, which is attributed to the anticipated warmer, wetter winters and hotter, drier summers characterized by more intense rainfall events. Notably, the study unveiled the adverse impact of climate change on monthly nitrates leaching into surface runoff, with the lowest levels predicted during May to September coinciding with reduced precipitation. Conversely, human activity positively impacts runoff, especially in FMC, which has a higher deforestation rate (42.8%) and increased runoff compared to VC. The study also emphasized the significant link between flow and nutrient concentration, highlighting the dominant role of nonpoint sources in contributing to these inputs. These findings have significant implications for local stakeholders, necessitating considering the potential consequences of integrated climate change and urbanization on eco-hydrology. Effective management strategies, such as improved land use practices and reduced nutrient leaching, must be implemented to minimize these impacts.

The impact of climate change on credit risk of rural financial institutions: A threshold effect based on agricultural insurance

Climate change affects the stability of the rural financial system. This paper uses the multi-agent model to deduce the impact mechanism of climate change on the credit risk of rural financial institutions, and conducts a series of empirical tests. The results show that: (i) climate change has an adverse impact on the credit risk of rural financial institutions. (ii) agricultural insurance shows a threshold effect in the process of climate change affecting the credit risk of rural financial institutions. (iii) high-level agricultural insurance can mitigate the adverse impact of climate change on the credit risk of rural financial institutions. It reveals that the agricultural insurance is a crucial policy for taking precautions.

Climate Change Exposure and Bankruptcy Risk

AbstractThis research documents that a firm's bankruptcy risk increases with its climate change exposure. This study further investigates the underlying mechanisms and finds that this effect is stronger for firms with lower operating cash flows or tighter financial constraints. Consistent with the agency theory of debt, the evidence suggests that improving the protection of creditor rights can mitigate the adverse impact of climate change. In addition, two distinct sets of quasi‐natural experiments are exploited to establish causality and eliminate alternative explanations. Specifically, the positive effect of climate change exposure on bankruptcy risk is weaker after the 2015 Paris Agreement, which raised public awareness of climate issues, and stronger for firms headquartered in countries that are more severely affected by natural disasters. Cross‐sectional analyses reveal that the main effect is more pronounced among loss firms, firms with higher levels of asset tangibility, cash flow volatility or profit volatility, and firms with worse solvency performance. Overall, the collective evidence indicates that climate change has real consequences for firm financial conditions.

Comprehensive review: Effects of climate change and greenhouse gases emission relevance to environmental stress on horticultural crops and management

Global climate change exerts a significant impact on sustainable horticultural crop production and quality. Rising Global temperatures have compelled the agricultural community to adjust planting and harvesting schedules, often necessitating earlier crop cultivation. Notably, climate change introduces a suite of ominous factors, such as greenhouse gas emissions (CGHs), including elevated temperature, increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) ozone depletion (O3), and deforestation, all of which intensify environmental stresses on crops. Consequently, climate change stands poised to adversely affect crop yields and livestock production. Therefore, the primary objective of the review article is to furnish a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted factors influencing horticulture production, encompassing fruits, vegetables, and plantation crops with a particular emphasis on greenhouse gas emissions and environmental stressors such as high temperature, drought, salinity, and emission of CO2. Additionally, this review will explore the implementation of novel horticultural crop varieties and greenhouse technology that can contribute to mitigating the adverse impact of climate change on agricultural crops.

Climate change and adaptive strategies for agriculture in Panchkhal Municipality

Climate change is a modern global crisis caused by human activities that emit greenhouse gases and alter the Earth's natural systems. It is now an undeniable global burning issue, affecting the complex relationship between the physical landscape, natural resources, and how communities adapt to the effects of climate change. Climate change brings many uncertainties to the livelihoods of farming communities that depend on weather and climate. The purpose of this paper is to examine the climate change and adaptive strategies of the farmers in Panchkhal Municipality using an explanatory mixed-methods research design. Primary data were collected from field observation, questionnaires, and interviews. Secondary data were collected from the Center Bureau of Statistics (CBS) and the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM). The finding shows the many impacts of climate change, such as hot waves, floods, landslides, droughts, increased diseases in agriculture production, and drying up water resources. Similarly, it shows that traditional adaptive strategies have been changing due to a decline in food crop production over the last two decades. Thus, strong policy efforts need to be prepared to mitigate the adverse impact of climate change on traditional farming methods.

Changes in soil organic carbon stocks of forestlands and grasslands on the Loess Plateau, 1980–2015

Soil organic carbon stocks (SOCS) are critical for both maintaining many ecosystem functions and regulating global climate. To address the serious soil erosion and land degradation problems on the Loess Plateau (LP), the Chinese government launched the famous “Grain for Green Program” (GGP) in 1999. However, how the SOCS change under the impacts of both GGP and climate change remains unclear. Here, we investigated the impacts of climate change and the GGP on SOCS of the top 1 m soil on the LP during 1980–2015, using a data-driven model and a multi-period land use/cover dataset. Our SOCS estimates showed that SOCS of grasslands and forestlands on the LP ranged from approximately 1400 ± 75 to 1700 ± 77 Tg C during 1980–2015. The SOCS of grasslands ranged from approximately 1000 ± 56 to 1200 ± 58 Tg C, which were roughly twice those of forestlands. Our analyses suggested that SOCS of grasslands and forestlands on the LP varied in the years before the GGP was launched in 1999, due to the continued warming and frequent drought. Unexpectedly, the SOCS did not significantly enhance after the GGP was implemented. Compared to 1995, the SOCS of grasslands and forestlands on the LP only increased on average by approximately 3.7% during 2000–2015, due mainly the adverse impact of climate change, as well as the limited effect of vegetation restoration on SOC at the early stage of the vegetation restoration programs. The study highlights the noticeably adverse effects of climate change on SOCS in the LP, providing valuable scientific support for the implementation of large-scale ecological restoration initiatives in the region.

Mitigating the adverse effect of warming on rice canopy and rhizosphere microbial community by nitrogen application: An approach to counteract future climate change for rice

The adverse impact of climate change on crop production continues to increase, necessitating the development of suitable strategies to mitigate these effects and improve food security. Several studies have revealed how global warming negatively impacts the grain-filling stage of rice and that this effect could be mitigated by nitrogen; however, the impact of nitrogen application on rice canopy and rhizosphere microbial communities remains unclear. We conducted a study using an open-field warming system. Results showed that warming influenced rice canopy by decreasing aboveground biomass and harvest index, whereas nitrogen application had positive effect on rice production under warming conditions by increasing the plant nitrogen content, biomass, harvest index and soil fertilities. Moreover, soil ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) contents were significantly decreased under warming, which were higher after nitrogen application. Notably, warming and nitrogen fertilizer caused 19 % (P < 0.01) and 7 % (P < 0.05) variations, respectively, in the β diversity of the microbial community, respectively. The impact of warming was significant on NH4+-N-related microorganisms; however, this impact was weakened by nitrogen application for microbes in the rhizosphere. This study demonstrated that enhanced nitrogen fertilizer can alleviate the adverse impact of warming by weakening its effects on rhizosphere microbes, improving soil fertility, promoting rice nitrogen uptake, and increasing the aboveground biomass and harvest index. These findings provide an important theoretical basis for developing practical, responsive cultivation strategies.

Impact of Climate Change on water security and Endorsing importance of Rainwater Harvesting Technology in Nepal

The day-by-day increment in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere is widely believed to be a main contributing factor for climate change. It affects widely on diverse sectors such as water resources, agriculture, forestry, human health, biodiversity, and snow cover and aquatic life. Nepal is experiencing the adverse impact of climate change; this includes such as a variability in temperature and precipitation, overbank flooding from snow-fed rivers, and variability in available river and stream water quantity. Climate in the Nepal Himalayas is changing faster than the global average. Moreover, the changes in the high-altitudes have been found more pronounced than in the low-altitudes. Since, there is no definite trend that could be found in the annual precipitation records, clear decreasing trends could be seen in annual number of rainy days during the study period of 1971-2000. The glaciers in the Nepal Himalayas are shrinking rapidly and there will be no glaciers left by 2180. An accelerated glacier melt will cause an increase in water availability at the beginning but ultimately a decrease in water availability after the glaciers disappear. This will widen the gap between water supply and demand. Changing climate may further exacerbate the water stress which already happening in Nepal due to the monsoon dominated climate. Climate change (CC) will also further increase the seasonal imbalance- too much of water during rainy season and too less of it during dry seasons. Rainwater harvesting technology has the potential to provide numerous benefits to communities and individuals, particularly in areas where water resources are scarce or unreliable. From the analysis and through our research work it is found that if we can simply install and construct rainwater harvesting technology in our individual household only. It nearly fulfills about 15-25% of our domestic water demand. As in urban and rural area of Nepal still nearly about 50% of water demand is fulfilled by groundwater source which increase to 60-70% in dry season. The projected physical impacts of climate change on water resources would have substantial socioeconomic impacts and consequences for Nepal. The hydropower potential and agricultural production would be seriously affected by global warming. A reduction in agricultural production would be experienced due to water security and have significant impact on the food security and livelihoods of the subsistence farmers, who make the majority of the Nepal’s population. As the urgent need for climate change mitigation remains crucial, putting all the necessary resources and institutions in place for future adaptation is indispensable. The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has listed rainwater-harvesting as a key strategy for a planned adaptation in the water sector. The policy statements about rainwater harvesting-based climate change adaptation are currently not being effectively coordinated.

A Scenario-Based Spatial Multi-Criteria Decision-Making System for Urban Environment Quality Assessment: Case Study of Tehran

Spatial evaluation of urban environment quality (UEQ) is a key prerequisite in urban planning and development. The main goal of this study is to present a scenario-based spatial multi-criteria decision-making system for evaluating UEQ. Therefore, stakeholder involvement was conducted and eight environmental criteria and six spatial-functional criteria were identified for five districts of Tehran. The weight of the effective criteria was calculated using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model. Then, the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) model was used to prepare UEQ maps in different scenarios, including very pessimistic, pessimistic, intermediate, optimistic, and very optimistic. Finally, the spatial distribution of the district population in different classes of UEQ was evaluated. Among the spatial-functional and environmental criteria, the sub-criteria of population density and air pollution, respectively, had the greatest impact on UEQ. In very pessimistic, intermediate, optimistic, and very optimistic scenarios, approximately 76.7, 51.8, 36.4, 23.7, and 9.8 km2 of the studied area had unsuitable UEQ conditions, respectively. In the very pessimistic scenario, about 37,000 and 1,500,000 people lived in areas with suitable and unsuitable UEQ conditions, respectively. In the very optimistic scenario, the population increased to over 917,000 in areas with suitable UEQ and decreased to 336,000 in those with unsuitable UEQ conditions in terms of both environmental and spatial-functional criteria. The research results showed that a high percentage of the population in the study area live under unsuitable UEQ conditions, which indicates the need for attention to improving the current UEQ conditions. The proposed approach is timely to gain a better understanding of the adverse impact of climate change on human well-being in marginal societies and how climate-resilient urban planning can play a significant role.

Sustainable energy and environmental management practices in the recreation and tourism industries in Nsukka metropolis of Enugu State

Sustainable energy and good environmental management practices are potent factors that can be used to achieve clean energy and sustainable economic growth. This is a global problem that needs immediate action and intervention to reduce the adverse impact of climate change to humanity. This study investigated the sustainable energy and environmental management practices in the recreation and tourism industries in Nsukka metropolis of Enugu State. The descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consisted of 209 recreation and tourism service providers in Nsukka Metropolis. Instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire which was validated by three experts from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The instrument has a reliability coefficient of 0.81. Frequency and percentages were used to determine level of sustainable energy and environmental management practices, while phi coefficient was used to determine relationship between sustainable energy and environmental management practices. Findings showed that recreation and tourism possess very low level of knowledge of sustainable energy use. They however showed positive attitude towards sustainable energy through the adoption of energy saving devices like energy bulbs, solar PVs etc. There is strong positive relationship between knowledge of sustainable energy and environmental management practices. The researchers recommended that government should improve on its effort to create awareness of sustainable energy use and environmental management practices among the populace if the problem of climate change is to be abated.

Climate change and agriculture in a coastal region: A case study of betel leaf cultivation in Sagar Island, Kakdwip, South 24 Parganas

Agriculture is a function of temperature and precipitation. Any change in these parameters, above and below the threshold value, will affect photosynthesis and transpiration in the crops, leading to an overall negative impact on agriculture, threatening global food security. Underdeveloped and developing worlds are most likely to be affected due to this situation because more than 80% of the population in this area is economically dependent on agriculture. With this background in mind, the present study attempts to delve into the impact of climate change on betel leaf cultivation in the study area because it forms the backbone of the local economy. Low lying coastal areas bear testimony of the primary evidences of climate change. The study area, therefore, is an ideal location to study the impact of climate change as it is situated in the path of frequent extreme weather phenomena. Such areas are particularly vulnerable to climate change in the form of sea level rise in response to increased precipitation resulting out of rise in temperature. The sensitivity of betel leaf to minor fluctuations in climatic parameters and its economic importance in the selected study area justifies the theme of enquiry. The present paper analyses meteorological data on temperature and rainfall along with field observation to investigate the issue. Given the sensitivity of betel leaf to such changes, an adverse impact on its production seems inevitable. However, findings of the present study prove otherwise. Firstly because the rise in temperature is less than 1.5 degree centigrade, which according to IPCC is the threshold value for impact on agriculture. Secondly, the adoption of adaptive strategies like use of fertilizer, soil treatment etc. practiced in the area largely offsets the adverse impact of climate change on crop production. However, the impacts are not entirely escapable.

Climate change and corporate cash holdings: Global evidence

AbstractUsing data from 41 countries, we provide novel empirical evidence that firms’ cash holdings are positively associated with their climate change exposure. This evidence is robust to different model specifications and survives a battery of tests to ease concerns related to spurious correlation and omitted variable bias. Using the release of the Stern Review as an exogenous shock to climate change awareness, we show that this association becomes significantly stronger after the release of the Review and particularly so for firms with higher exposure to regulatory and transition risk dimensions of climate change as well as financially constrained firms. Overall, results fit consistently within the precautionary motive framework and suggest that firms hold more cash to safeguard against the adverse impact of climate change.

Carbon dioxide separation and capture by adsorption: a review.

Rising adverse impact of climate change caused byanthropogenic activities is calling for advanced methods to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Here, we review adsorption technologies for carbon dioxide capture with focus onmaterials, techniques, and processes, additive manufacturing, direct air capture, machine learning, life cycle assessment, commercialization and scale-up.

Climate change and disability: a physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&amp;R) perspective

Climate change phenomena, such as droughts, floods, heat waves, hurricanes, and wildfires, have a deleterious effect on nature and the health of the people, especially on vulnerable population cohorts, such as persons with disabilities (PwD). PwD are disproportionately affected by the health effects of climate change and experience a greater burden due to various physiological, socio-economic and health-related factors. Rehabilitation professionals as trusted care providers/educators have an integral role in global efforts to educate, advocate and protect vulnerable people from the adverse impact of climate change. They are in a distinctive position as they are experts in understanding the complex medical, physiological and psychosocial needs of PwD. Although the impact of climate change on health is widely documented, the literature on the effect of climatic factors on PwD is sparse. Further, specific rehabilitation and disability-inclusive climate action plans are yet to be developed and/or implemented globally. As the climate-change-related health burdens continue to grow the critical importance of rehabilitation services is apparent. The challenge ahead is to build a structured people-centered approach to building rehabilitation-inclusive climate-resilient health systems to improve the adaptive capacity and resilience of the most susceptible people with distinct healthcare needs.

Spatiotemporal variation of irrigation water requirements for grain crops under climate change in Northwest China.

Clarifying the spatiotemporal variation of crop irrigation water requirement (IWR) under the background of climate change is an essential basis for water resource management, determining the irrigation quota and adjusting the planting structure. Using 61years of climate data from 205 stations in Northwest China, this study investigated the spatiotemporal variations of climatic factors and IWR during the growth period of five main grain crops (spring wheat, winter wheat, spring maize, summer maize, and rice) and explored the dominant climatic driving factors of IWR variation. Results showed that (1) the IWR of grain crops showed distinct differences. Rice was the highest water consumption crop (mean of 753.78mm), and summer maize was the lowest (mean of 452.90mm). (2) The variation trends and average values of IWR of different grain crops have spatial heterogeneity across Northwest China. For most crops, high values and increasing trends of IWR were mainly located in eastern Xinjiang, western Gansu, and western Inner Mongolia. (3) Tmax (maximum temperature), Tmin (minimum temperature), and Peff (effective precipitation) showed an increasing trend during the growth period of each grain crop, while U10 (wind speed at 10m height), SD (solar radiation), and RH (relative humidity) presented decreasing trends. (4) SD, Tmax, and U10 promoted the increase of grain crops' IWR, while Peff and RH inhibited it. The impacts of climatic factors on the grain crop IWR differed among different regions. Peff was the most influential factor to the IWR of all grain crops in most areas. Therefore, under the premise of a significant increase in T and uncertain precipitation mode in the future, it is urgent to take effective water-saving measures according to the irrigation needs of the region. To cope with the adverse impact of climate change on the sustainable development of agriculture in the northwest dry area, to ensure regional and national food security.

A review on the thermo-hydro-mechanical response of soil–structure interface for energy geostructures applications

Energy geostructures have been identified as a cost-effective mitigating strategy for the adverse impact of climate change. Operation of energy geostructures results in temperature fluctuation and subsequent water migration, particularly at the soil–structure interface, determining the shear response of soil and soil–structure interface. This state-of-the-art paper brings together experimental data from direct shear tests carried out on the soil–structure interface from several laboratory investigations, presenting a comprehensive review to gain a thorough understanding of the interface response in different thermo-hydro-mechanical states, which is critical in the analysis and design of energy geostructures. First, the evolution of shear strength parameters, i.e., adhesion and friction angle, with matric suction and temperature, are investigated. Then, a more detailed analysis of the impact of matric suction and temperature on the shear strength of the soil–structure interface is provided. Furthermore, a comprehensive discussion is provided in this section on the role of the most recent stress history in determining the non-isothermal shear strength of an interface. Data on the effect of matric suction and temperature on shear parameters of the corresponding fundamental soil is reviewed as a reference to the interface behaviour throughout the study, revealing potential underlying mechanisms. In general, a higher matric suction results in higher shear strength of the interface, whereas non-isothermal variations in adhesion and friction angle may lead to a higher or lower shear strength of a saturated interface.