Adverse Effects Of Climate Change Research Articles

Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Methane with Remarkably High Faradaic Efficiency in the Presence of a Proton Permeable Membrane

The combustion of fossil fuels is a major contributor to rising levels of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Due to the adverse effects of climate change caused in large part by CO2, new technologies must be developed that contribute to a global renewable energy supply. Electrochemical reduction of CO2 offers a viable pathway to generating value-added products and synthetic fuels to meet our future energy demands while decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. By constructing electrocatalysts capable of modulating proton transfer, we are able to tune product selectivity. Previous studies have demonstrated that two-electron products (CO and HCOOH) can be produced with high selectivity, but multiple-electron transfer products (CH4, CH3OH, and C2+ products) typically are produced at much lower Faradaic efficiencies. In this work, we construct polymer-modified Cu electrodes that exhibit extraordinarily high CH4 production (88% Faradaic efficiency). These electrodes afford a new strategy for increasing the selectivity of CO2 reduction electrocatalysts, an attribute that is key in developing industrially-relevant CO2 conversion devices. Nafion is a widely used fluoropolymer that is often mixed with electrocatalysts to facilitate proton transport. In contrast to these Nafion-catalyst composites, this work studies electrodes covered by Nafion overlayers for the CO2 reduction reaction. By varying the thickness, substrates, and voltage, we perform a detailed study of the effect of Nafion overlayers on metal and carbon mesh electrodes for CO2 reduction. Depending on the thickness of the Nafion membrane, CO2 reduction occurs at either the polymer–electrolyte interface or electrode–polymer interface. A Nafion overlayer of 15 μm on a Cu electrode enables an extraordinarily high yield of CH4 production (88% Faradaic efficiency) at a low overpotential (540 mV) via the stabilization of metal-bound CO intermediates. To the best of our knowledge, this yield is the highest for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to CH4 production at room temperature reported.

Analysing the impact of climate change on dairy farming as perceived by the women farmers: Application of analytical hierarchy process

Impact of climate change on various sectors across the globe is quite evident and the dairy sector is no exemption to the threats of changing climate. Most of the activities in dairy farming are performed by women. Dairy farming is a source of sustainable income for the women in rural areas. Women are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change due to their socio-economic position in the society. So, an attempt was made to capture the impacts of climate change on dairy farming from women farmers’ perspective. A total of 360 women farmers were approached for the study. Analytical hierarchy process was used to identify which of the four components and 16 sub-components of dairy farming are most affected due to changing climate. Analysis of farmers’ responses revealed that productive performance was perceived to be the most affected component and average daily milk yield was perceived to be greatly affected due changes in climate.

Designing Climate-Adaptive Buildings: Impact of Courtyard Geometry on Microclimates in Hot, Dry Environments

Designing climate-adaptive buildings is crucial for mitigating the adverse effects of climate change by enhancing energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, such designs improve thermal comfort and resilience in urban environments, particularly in regions with extreme climates, thereby promoting sustainable living conditions. This study aims to mitigate climate change through strategic urban and building design, focusing on the impact of building geometry and courtyard configurations on enhancing microclimates and thermal comfort in the UAE's hot arid climate. Utilizing ENVI-met software for qualitative analysis, the research examines design modifications in a school building's layout and courtyards. The analysis and findings reveal that strategic alterations can reduce outdoor air temperatures by up to 1.45°C and average building temperatures by approximately 1.89°C. Additionally, these modifications significantly improve thermal comfort perceptions on the PMV scale. The findings underscore the potential of architectural design to contribute to climate change mitigation efforts, highlighting the importance of thoughtful building and courtyard designs in promoting sustainable architecture and urban planning. This study offers novel insights into the role of design in enhancing thermal environments, providing a practical approach for developing climate-adaptive buildings in hot, dry environments. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-017 Full Text: PDF

Valuation of Ratargul swamp forest conservation: Does climate knowledge matter?

The degradation of swamp forest ecosystem services due to the adverse effects of climate change has already been observed. Ratargul Swamp Forest (RSF), the only swamp forest in Bangladesh, provides livelihood and ecotourism opportunities for millions. It forms a crucial nexus between the community's economic well-being and the preservation of a unique, ecologically significant natural habitat. However, this ecosystem has experienced severe degradation due to various climatic and anthropogenic factors. Conservation of this unique ecosystem is expected to play a crucial role in addressing climate change and achieving the country's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aims to estimate household Willingness to Pay (WTP) and total economic value for this ecosystem using the contingent valuation under a climate change scenario. The mean WTP is estimated to be 7,360.00 BDT, while the total annual benefit of the RSF conservation program is estimated to be 31,798,129.50 BDT per year using a parametric approach. Our result shows that individuals with higher incomes whose primary livelihood depends on this ecosystem, receive benefits from this ecosystem, and have a good understanding of climate change are likely to pay more for the RSF conservation program. Therefore, implementing a communication policy to increase knowledge about climate change would significantly contribute to conserving this unique ecosystem and thus achieve the country's SDGs and the United Nations REED+ program in developing countries.

PERAN SUBAK MERTABAYU DALAM ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI DESA MONAPA KECAMATAN MOWILA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN

The objective of this study is to ascertain the role of Subak Mertabayu in climate adaptation, to increase the productivity of paddy rice farming in Monapa Village, Mowila Subdistrict, South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The informants for this study were selected via purposive sampling. The research informants are comprised of three distinct groups: stakeholders, subak administrators, and subak users. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis with the assistance of an interview guide. This study focuses on the role of Subak Mertabayu in paddy rice farming. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods by the Miles and Huberman model, comprising data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification. The findings indicate that Subak Mertabayu plays a pivotal role in assisting farmers in adapting to climate change. Through its institutional framework, Subak has implemented a range of adaptation strategies, including the adoption of efficient irrigation technology, diversification of crops, and the cultivation of resilient crop varieties. Moreover, Subak also assumes the responsibility of educating and counselling its members on sustainable agricultural practices that can mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on agricultural productivity.

Climate Change: A Caribbean Perspective

Climate change has been expedited by human activity. The Caribbean has seen the rapid progression of climate change, global warming and its harmful effects. In the Caribbean, we have an abundance of natural wonders and are considered a tourist attraction, but the progression of global warming and climate change is proving to be a threat. Guyana, which is a booming economy in the region, is developing rapidly but trying to preserve its rainforest and co-exist sustainably with the environment. It is noted that the Caribbean is experiencing more extremes of weather conditions such as hurricanes and other adverse effects of climate change including rising sea levels and bleaching of coral reefs. It is important that, as we develop, we preserve our natural attractions which encourage tourism, our diverse flora and fauna and the health of our population. Regional groups have acknowledged this and see the importance of taking action to preserve the Caribbean and its Small Island Developing States. These Small Island Developing States are disproportionately affected by climate change considering their small contribution to Green House Gases compared to the much larger developed nations. It is of paramount importance that policies and actions materialize to combat climate change and preserve health in the region. It is also crucial that we be a voice for our region bringing the phenomenon of climate change and health in the Caribbean to the global forum.

Factors Affecting Access to Agricultural Inputs among Smallholder Tobacco Farmers in Kahama District, Tanzania

Appropriate application of agricultural inputs plays a significant role in offsetting the adverse effects of climate change on agriculture including in tobacco production. Use of agricultural inputs has been reported to improve quantity, quality and market value of tobacco worldwide. In view of that, this study was undertaken to assess the factors affecting access to agricultural inputs among tobacco smallholder farmers in Kahama District. Additionally, the study determined the effects of inputs applications on tobacco production. The interview method using structured questionnaires was employed to collect primary data from a sample of 180 tobacco smallholder farmers obtained through random sampling. The data were analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that 77.2% of smallholder farmers had an access to agricultural inputs while 22.8% did not. Access to these agricultural inputs was through Agricultural Marketing Cooperative Societies (AMCOS) (100.0 %), fellow farmers (68.3%), and agro-input dealers (48.2%). Furthermore, findings showed that price (p=0.029), AMCOS membership (p=0.000), awareness (p=0.045), frequency of usage (p=0.000), credit accessibility (p=0.012) and farm size (p=0.048) were the significant factors that influenced smallholder farmers to access agricultural inputs. Moreover, the effects of agricultural inputs applications on tobacco production were; increase of tobacco leaf size (100.0%), resilience to pests and disease (97.3%), quality of produced tobacco (91.3%) and amount of produce (80.6%). The study concludes that most farmers have access to agricultural inputs, and that access is influenced by a number of important factors. There are several ways that inputs impact tobacco production. The study strongly suggests that in order to improve accessibility and input usage, farmers should be encouraged to join AMCOS and get access to credit.

Reviewing the impact of climate change on global food security: Challenges and solutions

This review examines the intricate relationship between climate change and global food security, elucidating the challenges posed by climate variability and exploring potential solutions to mitigate its adverse effects. Climate change presents formidable obstacles to food security worldwide, disrupting agricultural productivity, exacerbating food shortages, and deepening malnutrition. Shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns, coupled with the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, threaten crop yields, livestock health, and food distribution networks, particularly in vulnerable regions. The review identifies key challenges confronting global food security in the context of climate change, including diminished agricultural productivity, heightened food price volatility, and heightened risks of food insecurity and malnutrition. It underscores the disproportionate impact of climate change on marginalized communities, smallholder farmers, and low-income populations, who bear the brunt of environmental degradation and lack the resources to adapt. In response to these challenges, the review explores a range of solutions and strategies aimed at enhancing food security resilience in a changing climate. It discusses the importance of climate-smart agricultural practices, such as agroforestry, crop diversification, and soil conservation, in bolstering the resilience of agricultural systems and improving resource efficiency. Additionally, the review highlights the significance of enhancing access to climate information, investing in sustainable infrastructure, and promoting gender equity in agriculture to foster inclusive and adaptive food systems. Furthermore, the review underscores the critical role of policy interventions, international collaboration, and community engagement in addressing climate-related food security challenges and advancing sustainable development goals. By integrating climate adaptation and mitigation measures into agricultural policies, promoting research and innovation, and fostering multi-stakeholder partnerships, it is possible to build more resilient and equitable food systems that can withstand the impacts of climate change and ensure food security for all. In conclusion, the review emphasizes the urgency of concerted action to address the complex interplay between climate change and global food security. Through collective efforts and targeted interventions, it is feasible to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on food systems and pave the way for a more sustainable and food-secure future. Keywords: Impact, Climate Change, Global, Food Security, Challenges.

Exploring the Nexus of Climate Change and Substance Abuse: A Scoping Review.

The increase in average air temperature and multiple extreme weather events, such as heatwaves and droughts, pose significant health risks to humans. This scoping review aims to examine the current state of the existing literature concerning the potential relationship between substance abuse and climate change, along with the aspects it encompasses. The review followed PRISMA guidelines for methodological rigor, aiming to identify studies on drug abuse. Searches were conducted across the primary databases using specific search strings. Quality assessment involved evaluating the research question's clarity, search strategy transparency, consistency in applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, and reliability of data extraction. Most studies were conducted in the USA. They included observational and retrospective quantitative studies, as well as qualitative and prospective observational ones. Research examined the correlation between extreme weather and some substance abuse. All studies analyzed the adverse effects of climate change, especially heatwaves, on both physiological and pathological levels. The scoping review notes the scarcity of studies about the correlation between substance abuse and climate change, and emphasizes the threats faced by individuals with substance abuse and mental health disorders due to climate change.

Influence of Diverse Growing Environments and Plant Densities on Phenological Development and Agrometeorological Indices of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the Hyper Arid Zone of Rajasthan, India

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) stands as a significant oilseed crop globally. The growth, development, and productivity of these plants are notably affected by the adverse impacts of global climate change. Therefore, the current study sought to examine how diverse growing environments and planting densities influence the phenological development of groundnut in the hyper-arid zone of Rajasthan, India. A field experiment spanning the kharif seasons of 2017, 2018, and 2019 was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, India. The experiment laid out in split-plot design with four replications. The treatments included three main plots for growing environments (sowing on May 15, May 30, and June 15) and three sub-plots for planting densities (1.67 lakh ha-1, 2.50 lakh ha-1 and 3.33 lakh ha-1).. The outcomes of the field experiment indicates that sowing groundnut on May 30 was statistically on par with sowing on June 15 and resulted in higher values of GDD, helio thermal units (HTU), PTI, heat use efficiency (HUE), photothermal use efficiency (PUE), and heliothermal use efficiency, as well as hygrothermal use efficiency (Hg TUE-I and II) at the initiation of flowers and peg formation stages. However, at later growth stages significantly higher values of GDD, HTU, HUE, PUE, HgTUE-I and II were observed with the May 15 sowing. These values gradually decreased with delayed sowing up to May 30 and June 15. Further, increasing the planting density from 1.67 lakh ha-1, 2.50 lakh ha-1 and 3.33 lakh ha-1 significantly enhanced the HTU, HUE, PUE, HgTUE-I and II at various phenological stages of groundnut. Therefore, these findings underscore the significance of precise timing and density control in maximizing groundnut yields under challenging environmental circumstances. By understanding and modifying these variables, farmers can mitigate the adverse effects of climate change and enhance groundnut productivity, especially in extremely arid areas like Rajasthan.

ECtHR: Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz and Others v. Switzerland (Application No. 53600/20, 9 April 2024)

The present paper focuses on the analysis of the landmark decision of the European Court of Human Rights in which the Court has, for the first time, ruled on human rights violation due to climate change. It begins with the description of the convention as a so-called living instrument that aims at the interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights taking into account the current social circumstances and challenges, such as the growing need for environmental protection and addressing climate change. In the judgment in question, the Court held that Switzerland had violated the applicant's rights due to insufficient legislative measures to protect individuals from the adverse effects of climate change. As a result of the long-awaited but unconventional conclusion, the judgment has become the target of much criticism. The paper thus concentrates on the main seemingly innovative or rather surprising pillars of the judgment, such as the court's determination of locus standi, the scope of a state's positive obligations in the context of climate change and its related margin of appreciation, as well as the unprecedented consideration of scientific evidence. The paper concludes by summarising the possible implications of the court's arguments for similar future cases, which will undoubtedly increase in number.

Quality of nutritional status assessment and its relationship with the effect of rainfall on childhood stunting: a cross-sectional study in rural Burkina Faso

ObjectivesIn Burkina Faso, one in every four children under 5 years is stunted. Climate change will exacerbate childhood stunting. Strengthening the health system, particularly the quality of nutrition care at primary health facilities, can minimise the adverse climate effect on stunting. Thus, we examined the quality of nutritional status assessment (QoNA) during curative childcare services in primary health facilities in rural Burkina Faso and its relationship with rainfall-induced childhood stunting. Study designWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis using anthropometric, rainfall, and clinical observation data. MethodsOur dependent variable was the height-for-age z-score (HAZ) of children under 2 years. Our focal climatic measure was mean rainfall deviation (MRD), calculated as the mean of the difference between 30-year monthly household-level rainfall means and the corresponding months for each child from conception to data collection. QoNA was based on the weight, height, general paleness and oedema assessment. We used a mixed-effect multilevel model and analysed heterogeneity by sex and socio-economic status. ResultsAmong 5027 young (3–23 months) children (mean age 12 ± 6 months), 21% were stunted (HAZ ≤ −2). The mean MRD was 11 ± 4 mm, and the mean QoNA was 2.86 ± 0.99. The proportion of children in low, medium, and high QoNA areas was 10%, 54%, and 36%, respectively. HAZ showed a negative correlation with MRD. Higher QoNA lowered the negative effect of MRD on HAZ (β = 0.017, P = 0.003, confidence interval = [0.006, 0.029]). Males and children from poor households benefited less from the moderating effect of QoNA. ConclusionImproving the quality of nutrition assessments can supplement existing efforts to reduce the adverse effects of climate change on children's nutritional well-being.

Remote Sensing Methods and GIS Approaches for Carbon Sequestration Measurement: A General Review

Geospatial technologies like Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide a platform for swiftly evaluating terrestrial Carbon Stock (CS) across extensive regions. Employing an integrated RS-GIS method for estimating Above-Ground Biomass (AGB) and precise carbon management emerges as a timely and economical strategy for implementing effective management plans on a localized and regional level. This study reviews different RS-related techniques utilized in CS assessment, particularly in arid lands, shedding light on the challenges, opportunities, and future trends associated with the process. As global warming poses adverse impacts on major ecosystems through temperature and precipitation changes, professionals have a call to develop evidence-based interventions to mitigate them. Carbon sequestration involves harnessing and storing carbon stocks from the atmosphere to minimize the adverse effects of climate change. The review explores the effectiveness of integrating remote sensing and GIS methodologies in quantifying carbon sequestration within agroforestry landscapes. In addition, this review also assesses the traditional methods, including their limitations, and deeply delves into recent techniques, emphasizing key remote sensing (RS) variables for biophysical predictions. This study showcases the efficacy of geospatial technologies in evaluating terrestrial carbon stock, particularly in arid regions. The study reviews diverse techniques and sensors, like optical Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR), and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), extensively employed for above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation and carbon stock assessment with RS data, introducing and discussing new methods. Existing literature was examined to present knowledge and evidence on the effectiveness of these technologies in carbon sequestration. The key findings of this review will inform future research and integration of technology, policy formulation, and carbon sequestration management to mitigate the impacts of climate change.

A novel assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water and sediment samples from the Indus River, Pakistan: An ecological risk assessment approach

Pakistan, a country with limited water resources and highly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, faces numerous challenges in managing its water supply. In this sense, this study assessed potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the surface water and sediments of Pakistan's Indus River and its tributaries. Key water quality parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were determined, with respective average values of 7.1, 40 μS/cm, and 208 mg L−1. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn in surface water samples averaged 26 μg L−1, 0.9 μg L−1, 1.4 μg L−1, 22 μg L−1, and 2.1 μg L−1, respectively. The general sediment PTE profile was Ni > Cd > Zn > Cu > Cr. Certain PTE levels exceeded recommended thresholds, indicating the establishment of environmental pollution. Calculated geo-accumulation index values suggested moderate to heavy pollution levels in sediment, with PERI (404) values reinforcing the ecological risk posed by elevated PTE concentrations. Furthermore, significant correlations were observed between specific PTE pairs in both water and sediment samples. This study contributes with novel insights into the distribution and ecological implications of PTE contamination in the Indus River and its tributaries, paving the way for ecological risk management efforts.

Probing the Interplay Between Climate Change and Global Energy Security: Insights From Nonlinear Analysis

Motivated by the adverse effects of climate change on human well-being, this study investigated the influence of climate change on energy security. Employing a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach, the study encompasses the timeframe from 1970 to 2022. The empirical findings unveil a harmful effect of climate change on energy security in the long term and present a varied impact in the short term.

Assessing the Climate Change Impacts on Maize Production in the Slovak Republic and Their Relevance to Sustainability: A Case Study

Climate change poses a significant challenge to the agricultural sector, with far-reaching implications on a global scale. As the agriculture sector plays a critical role in the economy of the Slovak Republic, it is crucial to understand the impacts of climate change and, with it, the vulnerabilities that agricultural practices face. Agricultural production and food sustainability are intricately linked to various factors, including population growth and the effects of climate change. This paper focuses on analyzing the production of maize in Slovakia and identifying the factors driving its cultivation. We aim to assess how climate factors influence maize yields across different temperature and precipitation levels through comprehensive data analysis and statistical methods. By utilizing the stochastic production function proposed by Just and Pope (1979) for 1996 to 2022 and estimating model parameters using GRETL software, we aim to provide insights into the relationship between climate change and maize production. Furthermore, we explore the implications of our findings for the sustainability of agricultural practices in Slovakia. Our analysis reveals that the impact of temperature and precipitation on maize yield varies by month and exhibits a nonlinear nature, with climate changes generally exerting a negative influence. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing sustainable agricultural strategies that can mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on maize production and ensure long-term food security.

Effect of Climate Change on Sustainability of Cassava Production in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Over time, climate change has negatively influenced cassava production affecting yield and output of farmers. This has also affected the economic returns from cassava farming. A total of 78 cassava farmers were drawn using purposive sampling technique. Primary data were collected using a questionnaire and were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean and ordinary least square multiple regression model. Results shows that majority of the cassava farmers were male (67.9%), married (56.4%), experienced (70.5%) with a productive age of 55 years. Majority of the cassava farmers, (55.1%) perceived that cassava production in the area was highly sustainable as against 17.9% of the cassava farmers that differed. The identified climate change hazards on cassava production were decreased cassava yield (61.5%), reduced income (97.4%), land degradation (84.6%), increased pest and disease problems (65.4%), drought and water scarcity (88.5%), and increased production costs (97.4%). Temperature (P<0.01), rainfall (P<0.01), and number of rainy days (P<0.05) impacted cassava production negatively, while sunshine hours (P<0.05), and relative humidity (P<0.01) positively impacted cassava production. Insufficient planting materials (98.7%), soil fertility issues (91.0%), insufficient or irregular rainfall (89.7%), limited access to credit or financial resources (87.2%), high costs of inputs (100%), and low yields (75.6%) constrained cassava production in the area. Farmers should seek early climate change information from nearest metrological centers in their locality to mitigate adverse effects of climate change on cassava production.

Climate change and inequality.

This review explores how climate change is manifesting along existing lines of inequality and thus further exacerbating current health disparities with a particular focus on children and future generations. Climate change risk and vulnerability are not equally distributed, nor is the adaptive capacity to respond to its adverse effects, which include health consequences, economic impacts, and displacement. Existing lines of inequality are already magnifying the adverse effects of climate change. Today's children and future generations will experience a disproportionate number of adverse climate events than prior generations, especially children in lower-income populations, communities of color, and Indigenous communities. In order to mitigate the crisis of inequity accompanying the climate crisis, systemic action must be taken on a global scale - with a focus on protecting children and future generations, and in empowering youth-led environmental activism and engagement in climate policy. IMPACT STATEMENT: Our review offers a current summary of the ways in which inequality is manifesting with respect to climate change in children and future generations. Rather than use a systematic review, we opted to use a theoretical framework to guide our review. We divided the effects of climate change into three effect pathways: via disruptions in (i) climate and weather, (ii) ecosystems, and (iii) society. By dividing our review in this theoretical framework, we can better suggest targeted public health interventions at each effect level. Furthermore, we are able to successfully identify literature gaps and areas of future research.

A “Teal” Deal for European agriculture

The European Union (EU) has been actively combating climate change for decades, and in 2019 it introduced its most ambitious project to date, the European Green Deal (EGD). EGD includes a variety of policies and strategies aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of climate change, foster an economic growth, and promote social equity. Recently, the European Commission has been contemplating the development of the European Blue Deal (EBD), which aims to address the growing water crises and water insecurity issues within the EU. Similar to the EGD, the EBD would encompass all sectors of the European economy, seeking integrated solutions to these pressing environmental problems. This review aims to assess the progress of the EGD, evaluate the objectives of the EBD, and provide insights into the factors that could either catalyze or hinder their effective and harmonious implementation. The concept of a "Teal Deal" (a combination of the blue and green color) which combines elements of both the EGD and the EBD, is explored, with particular emphasis on its implications for the agrifood sector. Here we argue on the necessity for a holistic approach to agricultural sustainability, rapid advancements in renewable energy, the adoption of crop diversification strategies, and the development of effective international policies to ensure global cooperation and support for these transformative initiatives. By addressing these key areas, the EU can make significant strides towards achieving its environmental and economic goals.

Analyzing the Impact of the Climate Emergency on Shipping through Analogical Interpretation of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract A profound apprehension across the scientific and political landscape on the increasing severity of the adverse effects of climate change has provoked a rethink on tackling the challenges. These challenges have questioned the status quo on current governance arrangements and its relevance in addressing extant environmental exigencies. Besides the urgent need to reduce anthropogenic emissions and the swiftly intensifying trajectory of global warming, there is also the urgent need to adapt to the consequences of the changing climate due to its impact on societal well-being. The quest for societal behaviors to remain in sync with a rapidly changing environment has propelled scholarly exploration in the direction of the climate emergency. However, as the issue of the climate emergency in shipping is largely unexplored, research into understanding of the phenomenon is an essential prerequisite. The article uses experiences gained from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global shipping as a tool to address the governance of climate emergencies in global shipping. This goal is achieved through the application of expert opinion in analogical mapping which lays the foundation for the knowledge interpretation. The results of the analysis confirmed the existence of structure similarities between pandemics and the climate emergency through attribute variables that are common to both phenomena.