Novelty Advantage Research Articles

The Value of Digital Narrative in Oral Second Language Teaching

Digital Narrative has long been formed, developed and mature in foreign countries, but the domestic attention to it is still less, the lack of a complete theoretical system and practical model, so it is rarely used in classroom practice. As the product of the combination of digital information technology and traditional narrative, Digital Narrative is derived from video teaching. The initial form of Digital Narrative is relatively simple, based on the cognitive theory of multimedia learning and the theory of multiple literacy. In practice, Digital Narrative can be mediated by extra-curricular activities, network platforms, and theme competitions, which is of great value in oral second language teaching due to its unique advantages of novelty, diversity and situationality.

Theoretical Calculations and Experimental Investigation of Separation of Dy3+, Er3+, Tm3+ and Yb3+ by Cascade Extraction in TOGDA–Kerosene/Hydrochloric Acid System

The hot spot extraction agent N,N,N′,N′-tetraoctyl-3-oxoglutaramide (TODGA) has the advantages of novelty, high efficiency and environmental protection in the separation of rare earths by tandem extraction. In this paper, the characteristic parameters for the separation of dysprosium, erbium, thulium and ytterbium ions in the TOGDA–kerosene/hydrochloric acid system for tandem extraction were calculated. Using a 10% TODGA–kerosene/5 mol·L−1 hydrochloric acid extraction system, the mixture containing Dy3+ 0.258 mol·L−1, Er3+ 0.252 mol·L−1, Tm3+ 0.248 mol·L−1 and Yb3+ 0.242 mol·L−1 can be separated by three separation steps, and four products of Dy3+, Er3+, Tm3+ and Yb3+ can be obtained. The purity of the four products was 99.80%, 99.20%, 99.70% and 99.70%, and the yields were 99.03%, 98.97%, 97.88% and 96.98%, in order. In this paper, the reasons were analyzed for the differences in the ability of the TODGA system to extract heavy rare earth ions (REEs) in terms of density functionality, complex structure and bond valence model. These will provide more basic data and guidance for the industrial application of TODGA.

Krytyka przekładu w cyberprzestrzeni – nowe szanse i wyzwania (na przykładzie tłumaczeń Mistrza i Małgorzaty Michaiła Bułhakowa)

Translation Criticism in Cyberspace – New Opportunities and Challenges (on Polish Translations of Mikhail Bulgakov’s The Master and Margarita) The ongoing digitization of the literary heritage together with the growing competition between publishing houses have led to a situation where translation series of works considered as canonical changed their form of extending from diachronic, linear development in time to synchronic “explosion” of parallel texts, which task is to win readers-consumers with advantages of novelty, distinctness, “inventiveness.” Such translations gain a new function – they become a marketing tool for publishing houses. In my opinion the newest retranslations of Mikhail Bulgakov’s The Master and Margarita is one of the most interesting examples of the process described above. In recent years, new Polish versions of this novel have been published at a dizzying pace (five new translations between 2015 and 2018) and in overwhelming welth (five editions were published in four different translations in 2018 alone). The new translations of Bulgakov’s novel evoke a lively response from the audience. All sorts of analysis, comparisons and opinions have been published not only in scientific journals, but also in daily newspapers, internet forums and in comments in online bookstores. In the Internet, professional translation criticism coexists with private opinions of Internet users (often based on non-literary factors) and with marketing content, advertisements, and blurbs deliberately formed as reviews. In this paper I would like to discuss new roles of professional translation criticism in circumstances described above, analyse its presence in the Internet and try to define its new objects. On the one hand, its voice should be loud and clear enough to be heard in the virtual chaos of texts, on the other hand – persuasive and lucid enough to help readers to become aware of decisions they make by choosing a particular translation and perceive the literary value of texts hidden behind attractive covers of new editions.

Interactions of ants with native and invasive lady beetles and the role of chemical cues in intraguild interference

The predator-predator naïveté hypothesis suggests that non-native predators benefit from being unknown to native predators, resulting in reduced intraguild interference with native predators. This novelty advantage should depend on the ability of native predators to recognize cues of non-native predators. Here, we compared ant aggression and lady beetle reaction in four native and the invasive lady beetle species Harmonia axyridis. In addition, we tested whether lady beetle cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are involved in species recognition, which might explain naïveté if the invasive species has a specific CHC profile. To this end, we conducted behavioral assays confronting two native ant species with both living lady beetles and lady beetle elytra bearing or lacking CHCs of different lady beetle species. Finally, we characterized CHC profiles of the lady beetles using GC–MS. In general, the aggression of Lasius niger was more frequent than that of Myrmica rubra and L. niger aggression was more frequent towards most native lady beetle species compared to H. axyridis. The removal of CHCs from lady beetle elytra reduced aggression of both ant species. If CHCs of respective lady beetle species were added on cue-free elytra, natural strength of L. niger aggression could be restored. CHC analyses revealed a distinct cue composition for each lady beetle species. Our experiments demonstrate that the presence of chemical cues on the surface of lady beetles contribute to the strength of ant aggression against lady beetles. Reduced aggression of L. niger towards H. axyridis and reduced avoidance behavior in H. axyridis compared to the equally voracious C. septempunctata might improve the invasive lady beetle’s access to ant-tended aphids.

High performance solar-blind UV detector based on β-Ga2O3/GaN nanowires heterojunction

Gallium nitride nanowires and β-Ga2O3 nanowires were prepared by chemical vapor deposition. A solar-blind ultraviolet detector was fabricated based on β-Ga2O3/GaN nanowires heterojunction. The UV detector exhibits excellent response properties to deep ultraviolet with wavelength of 254 nm. The device exhibits a photo-to-dark current ratio of 1.375 × 103 and a high detectivity of 1.2 × 1011 Jones at 10 V bias Therefore, the responsivity of the UV detector is 27.5 mA/W under 254 nm ultraviolet light (8 mW/cm2) at 10 V bias voltage. The detector also has the advantages of easy preparation, low dark current, high rejection ratio, fast response, good stability and repeatability. The design method of β-Ga2O3/GaN nanowires heterojunction has the advantages of novelty and simplicity, which provides a new approach to fabricate a heterojunction detector.

Deadly intentions: naïve introduced foxes show rapid attraction to odour cues of an unfamiliar native prey.

Introduced predators have caused declines and extinctions of native species worldwide, seemingly able to find and hunt new, unfamiliar prey from the time of their introduction. Yet, just as native species are often naïve to introduced predators, in theory, introduced predators should initially be naïve in their response to novel native prey. Here we examine the response of free-living introduced red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) to their first encounter with the odour cues of a novel native prey, the long-nosed bandicoot (Perameles nasuta). Despite no experience with bandicoots at the study site, foxes were significantly more interested in bandicoot odour compared to untreated controls and to a co-evolved prey, the black rat (Rattus rattus). So what gives introduced predators a novelty advantage over native prey? Such neophilia towards novel potential food sources carries little costs, however naïve native prey often lack analogous neophobic responses towards novel predators, possibly because predator avoidance is so costly. We propose that this nexus between the costs and benefits of responding to novel information is different for alien predators and native prey, giving alien predators a novelty advantage over native prey. This may explain why some introduced predators have rapid and devastating impacts on native fauna.

A gastropod’s induced behavioral and morphological responses to invasive Carcinus maenas in Australia indicate a lack of novelty advantage

Evolution has afforded many organisms the capacity to recognize predation threats and respond accordingly with behavioral and morphological defenses. Biological invasions may obviate these coevolved recognition systems resulting in biological interactions with native species that range from novelty advantages to disadvantages for the introduced species. Predator recognition initiates responses that can affect other community members through trait-mediated indirect interactions. In this study we use the Australian invasion of a marine, predatory crab (Carcinus maenas) to determine if populations of a native whelk (Haustrum vinosum) with different histories of Carcinus invasion (no previous exposure, 20 years of exposure and 100 years of exposure) recognize and respond to the introduced crab. Haustrum were subsampled from invaded and uninvaded populations then monitored for foraging behavior, shell growth and tissue growth while maintained in a common garden setting with and without waterborne cues from Carcinus. We found that both invaded and uninvaded populations of Haustrum recognize and respond to Carcinus by reducing shell growth and foraging. In feeding experiments, Carcinus showed a preference for small whelks but not thin-shelled whelks. Our results suggest that introduced populations of Carcinus in Australia do not benefit from a novelty advantage and that the induced morphological changes in Haustrum are not a defense, per se. Haustrum’s induced behavioral response to Carcinus may be more important in reducing predation than morphological defenses, and further propagate the invasive crab’s impacts.

Predator-prey naïveté, antipredator behavior, and the ecology of predator invasions

We present a framework for explaining variation in predator invasion success and predator impacts on native prey that integrates information about predator–prey naïveté, predator and prey behavioral responses to each other, consumptive and non-consumptive effects of predators on prey, and interacting effects of multiple species interactions. We begin with the ‘naïve prey’ hypothesis that posits that naïve, native prey that lack evolutionary history with non-native predators suffer heavy predation because they exhibit ineffective antipredator responses to novel predators. Not all naïve prey, however, show ineffective antipredator responses to novel predators. To explain variation in prey response to novel predators, we focus on the interaction between prey use of general versus specific cues and responses, and the functional similarity of non-native and native predators. Effective antipredator responses reduce predation rates (reduce consumptive effects of predators, CEs), but often also carry costs that result in non-consumptive effects (NCEs) of predators. We contrast expected CEs versus NCEs for non-native versus native predators, and discuss how differences in the relative magnitudes of CEs and NCEs might influence invasion dynamics. Going beyond the effects of naïve prey, we discuss how the ‘naïve prey’, ‘enemy release’ and ‘evolution of increased competitive ability’ (EICA) hypotheses are inter-related, and how the importance of all three might be mediated by prey and predator naïveté. These ideas hinge on the notion that non-native predators enjoy a ‘novelty advantage’ associated with the naïveté of native prey and top predators. However, non-native predators could instead suffer from a novelty disadvantage because they are also naïve to their new prey and potential predators. We hypothesize that patterns of community similarity and evolution might explain the variation in novelty advantage that can underlie variation in invasion outcomes. Finally, we discuss management implications of our framework, including suggestions for managing invasive predators, predator reintroductions and biological control.

Novelty Enhancements in Memory Are Dependent on Lateral Prefrontal Cortex

Physiological evidence indicates that several brain regions, including the medial temporal lobes and prefrontal cortex (PFC), are involved in processing events that are novel or distinctive in their immediate context. However, behavioral studies that investigate whether these regions are critical for producing stimulus novelty advantages in memory are limited. For example, evidence from an animal lesion study indicated that the PFC is involved in stimulus novelty effects, but this has not been examined in humans. In the current study, we used a von Restorff novelty paradigm to test a large cohort of lateral PFC patients (n = 16). We found that patients with lateral PFC damage were impaired in recollection- and familiarity-based recognition, and they did not exhibit a normal memory advantage for novel compared with non-novel items. These results provide neuropsychological evidence supporting a key role for the lateral PFC in producing stimulus novelty advantages in memory.