Global Advantage Research Articles

Неопротекционизм – необходимое условие технологического развития современной России

Introduction. The contradictions that have accumulated in the world economy call into question the advantages of globalization and free trade, reinforcing the tendencies of protectionism. Theoretical analysis. Since mercantilism, which created the prerequisites for the Industrial Revolution, protectionism and industrial policy havebeen used as complementary mechanisms. In the twentieth century, protectionism was finally ousted from trade policy and from scientific research. However, the policy of free-trade has not been able to remove the contradictions of the countries of the “core” and “periphery”, whose socio-economic inequality persists. There is a need to develop a new concept of international trade, called neoprotectionism. Empirical analysis. A significant disruption of the international trade balance between its largest participants significantly affects Russia. The reproduction system created after the reforms and the level of gross accumulation insufficient to overcome deindustrialization led to a high degree of depreciation of fixed assets and the destruction of the production basis of the Russian economy. Results. The risk of external threats and the need to overcome the technological gap determine the use of neoprotectionism, which provides preferences primarily for enterprises aimed at social efficiency, since the concept of a domestic producer has lost its original meaning in the process of globalization.

Analysis of Pragmatic Failure and Strategies in Cross-cultural Communication

With the advent of globalization and informatization, cross-cultural communication has become more and more common, followed by the emergence of pragmatic failure. The existence of pragmatic failure will lead to the occurrence of communication barriers and the appearance of communication conflicts. Therefore, the systematic study of it has become a very meaningful topic, which has strong practical value in modern linguistics. This paper analyzes the pragmatic failure in cross-cultural communication, discusses the types of pragma-linguistic failure and socio-pragmatic failure, and proposes measures to avoid pragmatic failure in cross-cultural communication in order to avoid them and achieve successful communication.

Geo-Information enabled crime predictive analysis model

Crime is a serious threat to society and handicaps it in its normal functioning with full potential. It also hinders the development of a society along with creating hurts of various kinds and degrees. It is, therefore, required to tackle the crime properly for its control and management. Associated with human society with its very existence, it has been evolving with the time in differing magnitudes. Especially, during the contemporary time of rapid technological and societal change, crime has got new types, forms spatial scale with the advent of globalization since 1990. However, the spatial studies on crimes are recent ones despite place plays an important role in understanding and tackling crimes. The sophisticated geospatial tools like Remote Sensing, Geographical Information System and GPS have provided vast scope to map and study crime in relation to space and other aspects of crime. This study focuses on the crime mapping for the years 2001, 2006, and 2012 covering aspects of crimes like changing patterns and trends, seasonality-diurnality, and zonation maps with identification of hotspots using the latest tools of mapping. It also attempts to work on a spatially enabled Predictive Analysis Model using various characteristics and associations. It is expected to provide a base for highlighting the importance of geographical factors in crime analysis, prediction and management for an intelligence system for the past, present and future. This study has utilized both primary as well as secondary data for the geographical analysis in assessing crime pattern in the area of study.

Does foreign banks entry influence domestic banks' efficiency? Evidence from Ghana

The study investigates the effect of foreign bank entry on the efficiency of domestic banks in Ghana. The study applies the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) technique and the system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator on bank specific level data, spanning the period 2000 to 2015. The results show that foreign banks with an average profit efficiency of 74.7% are more profit efficient than domestic banks with a score of 71% which conforms to the global advantage hypothesis. This suggests that foreign banks are able to maximize revenue through the generation of interest income on loans and investments better than domestic banks due to the foreign banks' comparative advantage in terms of international expertise. Further, the system GMM results indicate that the entry of foreign banks has contributed to the profit efficiency of domestic banks in Ghana. This positive spillover effect of foreign banks is manifested in their transfer of international expertise, technological knowledge, quality banking services and competitive pressure to domestic banks. In addition, bank size and liquidity are essential determinants of the profit efficiency of domestic banks in Ghana. The findings of the study imply that bank regulators in developing countries should push for reforms that eliminate implicit and explicit barriers that may hinder the entry of foreign or new banks.

The forest, the trees, and the leaves across adulthood: Age-related changes on a visual search task containing three-level hierarchical stimuli

Selecting relevant visual information in complex scenes by processing either global information or local parts helps us act efficiently within our environment and achieve goals. A global advantage (faster global than local processing) and global interference (global processing interferes with local processing) comprise an evidentiary global precedence phenomenon in early adulthood. However, the impact of healthy aging on this phenomenon remains unclear. As such, we collected behavioral data during a visual search task, including three-levels hierarchical stimuli (i.e., global, intermediate, and local levels) with several hierarchical distractors, in 50 healthy adults (26 younger (mean age: 26 years) and 24 older (mean age: 62 years)). Results revealed that processing information presented at the global and intermediate levels was independent of age. Conversely, older adults were slower for local processing compared to the younger adults, suggesting lower efficiency to deal with visual distractors during detail-oriented visual search. Although healthy older adults continued exhibiting a global precedence phenomenon, they were disproportionately less efficient during local aspects of information processing, especially when multiple visual information was displayed. Our results could have important implications for many life situations by suggesting that visual information processing is impacted by healthy aging, even with similar visual stimuli objectively presented.

СУЧАСНІ ВИКЛИКИ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ТА НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

The article provides insights into the modern aspects and challenges of economic globalization that triggers a fundamental change in the world economic order, as well as demonstrates the emergence of a new global economic culture, a new type of economic consciousness and a new type of international relations. In this context, exploring globalization processes and identifying their patterns seems especially relevant. The study reveals that within on-going globalization settings, the scale of international economic relations demonstrates a rapidly growing trend, the number of their immediate participants is increasing, the forms of these relationships are being updated and getting more complicated. It is observed that in the vulnerable market economic environment with intensified international competition there are more and more common issues to be addressed by joint efforts in searching for effective solutions, moreover, there are certain conflicts arising that can be resolved only at the regional and multilateral levels. A special emphasis is put on the need to integrate collective efforts of international organizations and forums through economic diplomacy which will contribute to finding the best compromise between governments to meet the interests of all or most of stakeholders in the world community, for many countries this will mean to benefit from international mechanisms and procedures, and reducing adverse effects from TNC activities to engross the advantages of globalization. The study findings have verified that from international economic relations perspectives, among fundamental reasons behind business globalization are the advances in computer and communication technology which exchanging of ideas and information between different countries, expand consumer awareness of foreign-made products. The study also demonstrates how cable systems in Europe and Asia facilitate firms in many countries to shape simultaneously both regional and sometimes global demand, and global communication networks allow them coordinating production and aligning common goals worldwide while companies located in different parts of the world produce the same end product. It is argued that reducing customs barriers to investment and trade by the vast majority of governments proves effective in launching in new markets for international export companies that offer opportunities and capacities for local producers. Apart from the above, the study has traced a trend towards unification and socialization of the global community. In particular, it is observed that continuous changes in the governance paradigm as well as in the international environment impose an integrated effect upon social, political and mental aspects of national interests. It is concluded that building a conceptual framework of national and international interests is a complex and long-term process influenced by geopolitical, economic, socio-cultural and psychological factors, being adjusted through the system of social values and reflected in research studies and manifestations of collective consciousness. From this perspective, the key aspects of national and international security have been explored.

‘An Entrepot for Tourism’: from developmental tourism to gateway travel in Singapore, 1937–2019

ABSTRACT This article narrates Singaporean tourism development vis-à-vis conventional hotel-based and expensive public relations campaign models of tourism development championed by Western multi-lateral and private institutions in the postcolonial period. Using documents from the National Archives of Singapore, this article contends that Singapore opted for an infrastructure-led, aviation-based tourism development model, which culminated in the creation of an airport – Changi – which was as much a destination as a transit point. In achieving this approach to travel as tourism, the People’s Action Party highlighted the global advantages of an attractive airport and traveller amenities that made it an ideal global transit point in Southeast Asia.

RF Analog Hardware Trojan Detection Through Electromagnetic Side-Channel

With the advent of globalization, hardware trojans provide an ever-present threat to the security of devices. Much of the research to date has centered around documenting and providing detection methods for digital trojans. Few, however, have explored the space of trojans in the RF/analog front end. Two hardware trojans, an analytical analysis of the trojan impacts on two different types of amplifiers, and an unsupervised ML detection method for edge IOT applications using magnetic tunnel junction sensors for side-channel monitoring are explored. A classification autoencoder for anomaly detection is presented with an accuracy of greater than 90% with both single tone and BLE data is presented.

Marketing, Development, and the Question of Meaning

Originally developed as a sales technique, marketing ended up playing an economic and political role globally. With the advent of globalization and sustainability issues, the importance given to the techniques of marketing in both analyses and in communication limits the possibility of mutual understanding and of social creativity. A profound understanding of what is at stake for society and culture is not what matters when the focus is on the ways to maintain the superficial link to the instrument of power. The market plays a central role within the fields of marketing, economics and politics. Yet, questions of what the definition of the market is in these disciplines, and which premises can be considered as being the most fundamental ones in the marketing field, are ones that need answering. Attention is needed on why concepts such as legitimacy, desire, and sacred are fundamental ones for an understanding of evolving challenges. An interdisciplinary approach can help reconstruct the outdated economic foundation of marketing, thereby ensuring that marketing does not undermine and counteract democracy. This the paper intends to help us to not only understand the historical legacy but also to be more attentive to market changes and social challenges of our times.

Application of the Improved Multipopulation Genetic Algorithm in the TMD Controlled System considering Soil‐Structure Interaction

With the advent of globalization, computing speed has increased tremendously, greatly advancing algorithm research in multiple fields. This paper studies the parameter optimization problem of the improved multipopulation genetic algorithm in the tuned mass damper (TMD) structure considering the soil‐structure interaction (SSI) effect. The Newmark time‐domain analysis method was used to analyze the dynamic response of a 40‐story building under the excitation of EL Centro waves and Tangshan waves in China, respectively. The mass, damping coefficient, and spring stiffness of TMD system are used as the design variables of the controller. To reduce structural damage and obtain better comfort, the displacement response and acceleration response are optimized simultaneously in this paper, achieving multiobjective optimization. The results show that the improved multipopulation genetic algorithm method has faster convergence speed and greater accuracy than the traditional genetic algorithm; thus it can be applied to the TMDs parameter optimization of high‐rise buildings. Besides, the soil types have a great influence on TMD parameter optimization and structural time history response. If ignoring SSI effect will lead to underestimation of parameter design, the reason is that the soft soil foundations can absorb a lot of seismic energy compared with rigid foundations and then reduce the effect of seismic excitation on the structure. The intention of the research helps researchers to better understand vibration control and provides suggestions for the application of TMD in high‐rise buildings.

Lean Office: The Lean methodology applied to the improvement of administrative processes in a Higher Education Institution

With the advent of globalization, provided in part by the advancement of information and communication technologies (ICT), has allowed companies in different segments and on different continents to have a significant increase in their visibility on the world market, thus requiring them to be more competitive with other companies. The specific objectives are the following phases: to carry out a survey of the current conditions of the administrative procedures related to the sector of the Directorate of Administrative Services, as well as their demands and results; to verify at which stages of the processes there is a waste of time in the execution of these administrative procedures, that is, to identify opportunities in the procedures practiced by the IES; to propose improvements based on LO thinking for each of the opportunities found; and finally to identify to what extent the results, or the deliveries made, have had a significant improvement from the proposition of applying LO concepts. As a research method, it will use the following tools: bibliographic research, documentary research, statistical treatments, Quality Management, Value Flow Map, using the 5S tools, Standardized Work, SIPOC, Visual Management and Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). To this end, LO concepts will be used for the organization, the survey, analysis and proposals for improvements in the identified processes. As a result, there is an alignment among its employees and compliance with all mapped activities, without rework and with significant results.

The Evolution of Urban Australian Meat-Eating Practices

This qualitative study used social practice theory to explore how meat-eating practices are changing in contemporary urban Australia, drawing on a sample of Sydney residents aged 23–45 years. The research used an iterative study design and an inductive analysis approach. Semi-structured face-to-face in-depth interviews were the main mode of data collection, supplemented by observations in places such as markets and local neighborhoods. Research participants explained that the role of meat in their diet has changed in response to shifting conventions and social infrastructures. They have reduced consumption of red meat in favor of meats considered healthier or more ethical. Key factors driving the change include exposure to alternative eating practices brought about through changes in political policy and the advent of globalization. Changing discourses of masculinity and the move toward embracing more fluid representations of gender have, in turn, changed meanings in relation to the meat-eating man and a meat-heavy diet. Rising environmental and health consciousness, and concerns for animal welfare have also contributed to dietary changes. While several participants claimed to have increased their consumption of plant-based foods, meat still continues to maintain a significant presence within their diets. Many participants expressed interest in cutting back further on meat consumption and adopting more plant-based foods but they also identified several challenges—e.g., limited access to plant-based ingredients and recipes, negative meanings associated with vegetarian and vegan diets, and a lack of competence in relation to preparing and consuming appetizing meals using plant-based foods.

The Dynamics of Nigeria’s Policy for Africa in the Post-Colonial Period

All heads of state of independent Nigeria have left their mark on the formation of national foreign policy, including the policy for Africa, and brought their vision to the development of this sphere, although the greatest contribution to the formation of relations of the Giant of Africa with other states of the continent was made during the years of the Fourth Republic (1999 – present), when, after a long period of military rule, civilian politicians came to power in the country. Throughout the entire period of independent development, the main principles of Nigeria’s formation of contacts with other countries were respect for equality and territorial integrity of sovereign states; non-interference in their internal affairs; active membership in international organizations; non-alignment with military-political blocs, etc. However, the main priority of Nigeria’s foreign policy in the post-colonial period was the development of relations with African countries – a phenomenon that has come to be known as Afrocentrism. In accordance with the principles declared in all Constitutions of the country (1960, 1979, 1993, and 1999), Nigeria made a great contribution to the struggle for the true political and economic independence of African countries, for the liberation of the continent from the remnants of colonialism and apartheid. Since the 1970s, when the country became one of the world’s largest oil producers and exporters and began to provide financial and logistical assistance to African countries in need, a new objective has appeared in its foreign policy – gaining the status of “the leader of the continent”. This desire has been fueled by the fact that Nigeria is the most populous state on the continent and has one of the largest and fastest growing economies in Africa. Not all Nigerian leaders were able to correctly identify political priorities and to a certain extent demonstrated naiveté, limiting their foreign policy primarily to the African direction. While in the first years of independence this was legitimate and justified, with the advent of globalization, the development of a multipolar world, and the transformation of the world political and economic order, it became necessary to ensure that Nigeria’s foreign policy was adapted to modern realities. Meanwhile, thanks to its economic potential, huge reserves of hydrocarbons, which all countries in the region need, and military-political power, Nigeria quite rightly claims a central role in coordinating joint efforts to achieve true economic and political independence by West African states, although one of the obstacles to the transformation Nigeria into a real “hegemon” both in West Africa and throughout the continent remains political instability in the country.

«ТЕКУЧЕЕ» РАЗМЫВАНИЕ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ: МУСУЛЬМАНСКАЯ ИММИГРАЦИЯ КАК ВЫЗОВ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКЕ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ

The article discusses specific features of the influence of the globalisation process and the migration movements from Muslim regions to the Western countries on the disintegration of the civil (political) community. This process has developed at the time of spiritual crisis and further disintegration of the European Community. With the advent of globalisation, increased racial, ethnic and religious identities have become even more important within the framework of political self-identification of individuals with a certain political community as a political nation. At the same time, the "We Discourse" of Muslim minorities in Europe becomes more intense in the identity space of European post-secular society. The Islamic people articulate this fact through their multiple identities. An integral component in the self-identification of Islamic intellectuals becomes their historical and cultural narrative, which often takes the form of an "identity battle". The national identity as considered by the democratic countries (no longer ethnically and culturally homogeneous) ceases to be a crucial resource for the development of the nation-state. It experiences the often negative pressure from external influences. This fact makes actual the need for "political actors" to pursue an identity policy that can strengthen the civil unity in society. It is obvious that the old European models of relationship construction between the population groups, which constitute historical majorities with the minority communities of Muslim identity are no longer effective. The lack of dialogue and socio-political integration of Muslim migrants into the "host community" can lead to even more serious civilisational alienation of foreign cultural and foreign religious elements.

Global advantage of Bangalore as a location choice for knowledge‐based industries in India

AbstractAttractive locations based on geographic, environmental and strategic factors stimulate the concentration of economic activities, leading to urban spatial growth (Hariharan & Biswas, 2020). The onset of the knowledge‐based information and communication technology (KBICT) revolution credits the liberalization of India’s economy from the early 1980s. The advent of liberal policies in the early 1990s stimulated foreign direct investment (FDI) in Bangalore City, attributed to its environmental and geographic location advantages. Recognition of Indian skill and talent helped generate more than US$ 100 billion in export revenue and the regional diffusion of FDI, enabling competitiveness in the regional aggregation of KBICT industries. This article analyses the regional distribution of FDI through Dunning’s framework.

Natural Rights Unveiled in Postmodern Tapestry

This article explores how natural human rights have endured through challenging times, spanning from classical to medieval, modern to postmodern eras, up to the present day. The Magna Carta marked the initiation of protecting human dignity, while World War I and World War II were pivotal moments for safeguarding humanity through the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The values of natural rights have dwindled with the advent of globalization and due to political and social greed reaching its peak. Throughout world history, from the origin of society with barbarous rule to the tyranny of monarchy, the natural rights of humans have always been questioned and debated.

Income inequality and the imprint of globalization on U.S. metropolitan areas

Inequality in metropolitan areas is at least partly framed by a paradoxical triangle of competing constituency motives over resources allocation. Chief among these motives is the penchant for urban economic development, leaving ecological sustainability and socioeconomic equity as “subordinate” considerations. For global cities in particular, understanding inequality in such a context highlights the extraordinary intensity of economic development motives in sustaining their worldwide centrality, connectivity and command over the forces of globalization. As a comparative empirical study of 53 large U.S. metropolitan areas, this paper examines economic development within a global city that plausibly explains its propensity for heightened income inequality. It applies an empirical-based path analysis in tracing essential workings of the paradoxical triangle in a global city's ongoing struggle to maintain global eminence. As an exploratory inquiry, it examines heightened income inequality as a function of (a) the global city's assemblage of strategic “cornerstone” resources to sustain global advantage, and (b) the concomitant polarizing effect of such assemblage on metropolitan employment structure.

Globalisation, the Forgotten Phase: Some Personal Reflections

This paper is built on the premise that there have been at least two waves of globalisation – sublime globalisation of the earliest times that was truly an expression of global minds, and the modern material globalisation that represents a largely reductive, economic obsession that characterises today’s brand of globalisation. The paper begins by looking at the advent of globalisation in a little Bhutanese village, discusses globalisation as it is understood today and makes an attempt to distinguish the two waves of globalisation with the help of some examples. The paper concludes with a vision of a time when the world attains a sense of true globalisation.

Sex, menstrual cycle, and hormonal contraceptives influences on global–local processing

The effect of sex hormones on global–local tasks has rarely been studied, offering, when done, conflicting results possibly modulated by the congruency between hierarchical stimuli, and by the attentional demands. Here, we examined the global advantage (GA) effect in men (with high testosterone levels), women in the mid-luteal phase (with high levels of estradiol and progesterone), in the ovulatory phase (with high estradiol but low progesterone levels); and in the early follicular phase and with hormonal contraceptive (HC) use (with low sex hormone levels). The level of processing (global–local), the congruency (congruent vs. incongruent), and attentional demands (divided vs. selective) were manipulated. The divided-incongruent condition was sensible to estradiol and progesterone levels and, in this condition, mid-luteal women performed more locally while men performed more globally. The selective-incongruent condition was sensible to the testosterone level and, in this condition, men were faster. The HC group showed a congruency effect in the GA reaction times (RTs) during both, divided and selective conditions. Finally, the GA RTs of the ovulatory group differed from the early follicular and mid-luteal groups only in the congruent-selective condition, but the performance was not related with sex hormone levels. This result is interpreted in relation with the brain effects of estradiol in the absence but not in the presence of progesterone. Thus, sex, menstrual cycle, HC, task difficulty and sex hormones seem to modulate performance in the global–local task. These factors represent an important source of variability in studies focused on the processing of hierarchical stimuli and allow apparently inconsistent data to be explained.

An Integrated Methodology for the Multi-Objective Optimization of Port Railway Capacity: The Case Study of the Port of Trieste

The relevant pressure exerted on ports following the advent of globalization and containerization has contributed to transform the role of such intermodal transport facilities, increasing their complexity with reference to both performed activities and involved actors. The potential of solid hinterland connections in enhancing port competitiveness has sustained the larger embracement of the railway mode, which has proved to be a financially and environmentally sustainable solution, especially on long hauls. However, the limited residual capacity currently characterizing several railway network and nodes may threaten the accommodation of additional future traffic volumes and, thus, it requires the adoption of a coordinated strategy to more efficiently manage existing railway infrastructures, other than the realization of some new ones. In this regard, an integrated methodology has been developed to specifically model, simulate and optimize port railway processes, as part of a more complex system, imposing the maximization of capacity with the concurrent minimization of used shunting locomotives, to varying of infrastructural and operational conditions. This combination of techniques has been applied to the case study of the Port of Trieste, Italy, showing the greater influence of tracks availability over changes in the operational conditions, in terms of a shorter duration of specific administrative tasks and the employment of more shunting locomotives.