Advantage Of Structure Research Articles

Integrated Biosensor with Microfluidic Chip and Microwave Sensor Chip for Cell Separation and Detection

AbstractIn this work, an integrated biosensor consisting of spiral microfluidic array and microwave sensors is proposed for simultaneous separation and detection of cells. The biosensor integrated by plasma processing technology is fabricated by soft lithography and glass‐based IC process, which has the advantages of simple preparation, low cost, and reliable structure. In the field of clinical medicine, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the causative agent of urinary tract infections, which leads to an increase in the number of white blood cells (WBCs) present in the urine. Different concentrations of E. coli and WBCs mixed solution are configured to perform biological cell experiments and the capability of the biosensor in separating and detecting WBCs is verified. Interdigital capacitors (IDCs) and split ring resonators (SRRs) are employed to detect the WBCs obtained by microfluidic array separation. The microfluidic array exhibits a WBC collection rate of 92.7%. The capacitance of the IDC and the resonant amplitude of the SRR exhibit a decrease of 51.36 pF and 0.34 dB, which demonstrates a satisfactory linearity of 0.96 and 0.98, respectively. Consequently, the integrated biosensor used to simultaneously separate and detect WBCs has the potential for the early diagnosis of urinary tract infections in clinical medicine.

Preparation and Lithium Storage Properties of MOF‐Derived Bimetallic Sulfide ZnxInyS/MXene Composites

Nanostructured metal sulfides (MSs) are considered promising anode materials for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high specific capacity and abundant raw material resources. However, the practical application of these materials faces challenges such as poor conductivity and volume expansion. To address these issues and enhance the performance of LIBs, it is crucial to tackle the structural design problem associated with ZnxInyS anode material. The utilization of metal sulfides derived from metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) not only improves conductivity but also mitigates the issue of volume expansion in metal sulfides. Furthermore, connecting the metal sulfides derived from MOF to various conductive substrates can further enhance their conductivity. Two‐dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), a novel type of 2D material with plentiful functional groups and chemical properties, offer great potential. In this study, we have strategically constructed ZnxInyS/MXene heterostructures by combining the advantages of 2D Ti3C2TX nanosheets and bimetallic MOF structures. The results demonstrate that due to the synergistic effect between MXene and heterostructure, a significant number of lattice defects and ample buffer space are provided, resulting in excellent lithium storage performance and fast ion diffusion kinetics for the electrode.

One-Pot Synthesis of Bicontinuous Palladium Nanocubes with Distinct Catalytic Properties for Various Electrocatalysis and Heterogeneous Catalysis.

Bicontinuous metal structures possess unique physical and chemical properties, such as efficient mass transport capability and abundant low-coordinated surface atoms, that make them highly desirable catalysts for various important chemical reactions. Here, we report a one-pot synthesis approach to fabricate bicontinuous Pd nanocubes without a sacrificial template or a dealloying process. The prepared bicontinuous Pd nanocubes have a porous structure consisting of continuous nanosized ligaments, which can enable high atom utilization efficiency and offer abundant low-coordinated surface atoms. Due to their unique structural characteristics, the bicontinuous Pd nanocubes demonstrated significantly enhanced catalytic performances in various electrocatalytic and catalytic reactions compared to nonporous Pd nanocubes and a commercial Pd/C catalyst. By analyzing the enhancement in catalytic activity depending on the molecular size of reactants, we found that the utilization of the surface of the pores in the bicontinuous Pd nanocubes is critical to exploit their structural advantages in catalysis.

Bio-inspired Octopus-mimicking Soft Robotic Grasping System

Octopus-inspired soft robots have emerged as a promising field of research, drawing inspiration from the remarkable dexterity and adaptability of this marine creature. Their ability to manipulate objects in complex environments, coupled with their soft, compliant bodies, offers significant advantages over traditional rigid robots. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the design and development of octopus-inspired soft robots, focusing on shape control, grasping strategies, and potential applications. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in biomimetic robotic design, focusing on octopus-inspired soft robots and soft grippers. This paper discusses various shape control algorithms and modeling methods for octopus-inspired soft manipulators, highlighting their applications in highly flexible and complex grasping tasks. The paper explores grasping planning strategies for soft grippers, such as force equilibrium and minimum grasping force control, to achieve precise grasping of diverse objects. Furthermore, this paper present various design schemes based on soft materials and actuation techniques, including tendon-driven and pneumatic actuation, each with its own structural and performance advantages. This paper provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the further development and optimization of octopus-inspired soft robots.

Strong Component‐Interaction in N‐doped 2D Ti3C2Tx‐Supported Pt Electrocatalyst for Acidic Ethanol Oxidation Reaction

AbstractDesigning electrocatalysts with the selective C─C bond breaking in ethanol electro‐oxidation is of interest as an efficient strategy to accelerate the large‐scale applications of direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs).Pt nanoparticles (NPs) are herein on N‐doped 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene via two‐step synthesis steps including NH3‐assisted hydrothermal and NaBH4‐assisted ethylene glycol reduction routes. With the selective C─C bond breaking, the as‐obtained 16 wt.% Pt/N‐Ti3C2Tx catalyst exhibits 435.35 mA mgPt−1 mass activity and 0.83 mA cm−2 specific activity, being 1.26‐ and 1.77‐fold increase compared to those of commercially available 20 wt.% Pt/C (346.21 mA mgPt−1 and 0.47 mA cm−2). This originates from the advantages of unique 2D structures and the strong interplay between Pt NPs and nitrogen‐doped Ti3C2Tx. Also, the Pt/N‐Ti3C2Tx shows superior CO‐poisoning resistance and long‐term stability for the acidic ethanol electro‐oxidation reaction (EOR). This work demonstrates the potential of heteroatom‐doped Ti3C2Tx MXenes to increase the C1 pathway selectivity and the catalytic performance of Pt‐based electrocatalysts in DEFCs.

Tuning Surface Valences of Nanoengagers to Enhance Their Structural Advantages for Efficiently Redirecting T Cells against Solid Tumors.

The nanoengager strategy, which enhances receptor signaling responsiveness through a multivalent ligand binding mode, offers a promising approach for improving immune cell redirecting therapy. Increasing nanomaterial platforms have been developed for constructing more flexible and multifunctional nanoengagers, but the different mediating mechanisms from their multivalent nanostructures, compared to original monomolecule engagers, have rarely been discussed. Here, we constructed dual-specificity T cell nanoengagers (TNEs) targeting CD3 and PDL1 receptors based on a polyethylene glycol-b-polylactic acid (PEG-b-PLA)-assembled nanoparticle and specifically studied the impact of surface antibody valences on their functional mechanisms, thereby enhancing the structural advantages of TNEs against solid tumors. Major conclusions include the following: (1) Valence control of surface antibodies is crucial for ensuring the safety and efficacy of TNEs when redirecting T cells. (2) Tuning the valence ratios of the two antibodies with the respective targeting is essential for enhancing the tumor-targeting capability and overall antitumor efficacy of TNEs, while TNE with a valence ratio of anti-CD3 to anti-PDL1 of 25:50 demonstrated the best performance. (3) Compared to monovalent soluble engager molecules, TNEs with an optimized surface multivalent antibody structure can effectively promote the enrichment of peripheral T cells into solid tumor sites and improve the tumor immune microenvironment. These results demonstrate the importance of optimizing the surface antibody valences to enhance the structural advantages of the TNE and would benefit the design and application of nanoparticle-based engagers, especially for TNEs.

Ultrasensitive and high selectivity detection of fibrin using Y-shaped DNA-homing peptide doped probe on localized surface plasmon resonance platform.

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor has drawn continuous attention to application of the detection of antibody, protein, virus, and bacteria. However, natural recognition molecules, such as antibody, which possess some properties, including low thermal stability, complicated operation and high price, uncontrollability of length and size and a tendency to accumulate easily on the surface of chip to reduce the sensitive of method. Furthermore, common blocking agents are not suitable for development of novel biosensors. There is a significant demand for an innovative artificial probe that can meet the high recognition capabilities and ultrasensitive required by LSPR sensors. A LSPR sensor was developed for ultrasensitive detection of fibrin with a Y-shaped DNA-homing peptide doped probe. The Y-shaped probe, composed of three single stranded DNA (ssDNA), was immobilized on AuNPs chip. The two arms of Y-shaped probe were functionalized with homing peptides capable of recognizing fibrin. Additionally, in combination with the hybridization chain reaction, the growth of the arms facilitated enhanced functionalization with homing peptides to improve the sensitivity of method. Furthermore, ssDNA with a G-quadruplex structure acted as a novel blocking agent and was immobilized on the surface of the LSPR chip to minimize non-specific adsorption. Ultimately, remarkable changes in the LSPR signal were observed upon introduction of fibrin. Under optimized experimental conditions, the response of the LSPR biosensor followed a linear regression equation ΔLSPR=5420.53+395.14lgC (where C represents the concentration of fibrin in mol L-1), exhibiting a high linear correlation coefficient R=0.9979 and attaining a limit of detection of 1×10-14molL-1. It is believed that this work holds promising potential for the Y-shaped DNA-homing peptide doped probe, which takes advantage of the DNA structure with nanometer precision through programmable hybridization and the specific recognition of the homing peptide. Herein the developed LSPR biosensing platform demonstrated outstanding specificity and ultrasensitivity, rendering it suitable for early cancer screening.

Calibration on timing skew mismatch in time-interleaved ADCs based on self-adaptive particle swarm algorithm

The timing skew mismatch is one of the limitations in the Time-interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converter (TIADC) system seriously degrades the system performance. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes an algorithm to detect the timing skew mismatch. The self-adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (SAPSO) algorithm was used to detect the timing skew mismatch in the TIADC system, and the variable delay line (VDL) was used to calibrate the detected timing skew mismatch. For verifying the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, a 4-channel, 1 GHz and 18 bits TIADC system model with timing skew mismatch is established. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the performance of the TIADC system, which the Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) is increased by 61.1 dB on average, the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is increased by 59.17 dB on average, and the effective Number of Bits (ENOB) is increased by 9.83 bits on average. Compared with the previous calibration algorithms, the proposed method has the advantages of simple structure, fast detection speed and high accuracy.

A bubble-templating strategy to construct CeO2 aerogels and their potential application for fast detection of acetone

The simultaneously combining the advantages of aerogel structure and CeO2 materials presents a compelling avenue for design of novel functional materials for diverse applications. However, the development of facile approach...

Theoretical analysis and performance optimization of Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiI<sub>6</sub> solar cells with dual hole transport layers

Double perovskite materials have received significant attention in the photovoltaic field due to their low cost, environmental friendliness, and lead-free composition, which make them ideal candidates for next-generation solar cell applications. In this work, the photovoltaic performance of solar cells using Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiI<sub>6</sub> as the light-absorbing layer is systematically investigated through simulations using Silvaco ATLAS software. Based on the previously reported single hole transport layer device architecture, namely ITO/ZnO/Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiI<sub>6</sub>/HTL/Au, a new dual hole transport layer structure ITO/ZnO/Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiI<sub>6</sub>/HTL1/HTL2/Au is proposed. Different dual hole transport layer combinations are explored, and their influence on the internal physical mechanism and the device performance are analyzed and optimized in detail. The simulation results show that the devices using Cu<sub>2</sub>O/NiO and NiO/Si respectively as dual hole transport layer significantly improve charge extraction and generate a negative electric field at the interface, thereby reducing recombination losse and accelerating the transport of hole carriers. These two configurations exhibit substantially higher efficiencies than those configurations with a single hole transport layer, confirming the advantages of the dual hole transport layer structure. Additionally, devices using Cu<sub>2</sub>O/CZTS and MoO<sub>3</sub>/CZTS as dual hole transport layer show better performance than the reference structure using Spiro-OMeTAD/CZTS, indicating the potential for further improvement by optimizing material selection and layer properties. Of the various dual hole transport layer combinations tested, the structure utilizing Cu<sub>2</sub>O/CZTS achieves the highest simulated power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.85%. By optimizing the thickness of each functional layer, the efficiency can be further increased to 25.62%, and the optimal layer thickness is determined to be 40 nm for ZnO, 850 nm for Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiI<sub>6</sub>, 140 nm for Cu<sub>2</sub>O, and 150 nm for CZTS. Furthermore, the effects of environmental and material parameters, such as temperature and hole transport layer doping concentration, on device performance are investigated. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the design and enhancement of double perovskite solar cells. By demonstrating the potential that the dual hole transport layer structures can significantly improve device efficiency, their value in advancing environmentally friendly and lead-free photovoltaic technologies becomes very prominent. The insights gained from this research pave the way for developing high-performance double perovskite solar cells with optimized architectures and material properties.

2D Mesoporous Carbon with Hollow Turtle Shell‐Like Morphology for Resolving Restacking Effect

AbstractIn this work, a unique 2D hollow turtle shell‐like mesoporous carbon (HTMC) synthesized via a ternary heterostructuring strategy to alleviate the restacking tendency of 2D materials is presented. The ternary 2D heterostructuring is achieved via an in situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) on graphene oxide (GO) and a subsequent mesostructured polydopamine (mPDA) coating to obtain ternary heterostructured GO@ZIF‐8@mPDA, which is then converted to the hierarchically porous HTMC having macro‐, meso‐, and micropores via direct carbonization. Additionally, 2D turtle shell‐like microporous carbon (TMC) and 2D mesoporous carbon (MPC) derived from binary heterostructured GO@ZIF‐8 and GO@mPDA, respectively, are synthesized to investigate the porosity effect on alleviating the loss of accessible surface area of restacked 2D carbons. Among them, HTMC demonstrates superior structural advantages for alleviating the negative effects of restacking in 2D materials, exhibiting by far the highest specific capacitance (Csp) across all scan rates (93.7 F g−1 at 500 mV s−1 to 334.47 F g−1 at 1 mV s−1) in 1 M H2SO4. Furthermore, HTMC demonstrates outstanding rate capability while maintaining the greatest charge storage capacity over all scan rates.

Application of nanomedicines in tumor immunotherapy.

Tumor immunotherapy has emerged as a formidable strategy, demonstrating substantial achievements in the field of cancer treatment. Despite its remarkable success, intrinsic limitations such as insufficient targeting capabilities, side effects, and resistance to immunotherapy hinder its efficacy. To address these challenges, the utilization of nanomedicines in tumor immunotherapy has been broadly explored, capitalizing on their advantages of targeting delivery capability, loading capacity, modifiability, and biocompatibility. Through rational design approaches, nanomedicines are engineered to meet diverse delivery requirements and synergize with different regimens to maximize therapeutic efficacy while alleviating side effects. This review initially discusses the challenges associated with tumor immunotherapy and underscores the pivotal role played by nanomedicines in overcoming these obstacles. Subsequently, representative types of nanoparticles are systematically introduced based on their structural properties, advantages, potential limitations, and future research directions. Special emphasis is placed on recent advancements in a range of nanomedicines designed for specific tumor immunotherapy strategies. Finally, the clinical applications as well as prospects of nanomedicines are discussed.

Models of ecological renovation of industrial buildings for the creation of shopping, entertainment or recreational complexes

The article examines the key features of the functional planning and spatial architectural treatment of the typological group of public buildings and structures during renovation of industrial buildings in coastal areas in order to create promising models of two different types of multifunctional spaces: a shopping and entertainment complex, and a public park. Both approaches exploit the structural and spatial advantages of these buildings and modern architectural-ecological techniques, such as: adaptive reuse, structural reinforcement, and integration of natural light and environmentally friendly materials. The key differences lie in their focus: shopping and entertainment centers emphasize commercial activities and leisure through a dynamic shopping environment, while public parks give preference to green areas and outdoor recreation, integrating extensive landscape design and environmental sustainability methods into the project. Overall, these renovation models not only improve the urban environment, but also contribute to the well-being of the population and restoration of the environment in the area.

LW-YOLO11: A Lightweight Arbitrary-Oriented Ship Detection Method Based on Improved YOLO11.

Arbitrary-oriented ship detection has become challenging due to problems of high resolution, poor imaging clarity, and large size differences between targets in remote sensing images. Most of the existing ship detection methods are difficult to use simultaneously to meet the requirements of high accuracy and speed. Therefore, we designed a lightweight and efficient multi-scale feature dilated neck module in the YOLO11 network to achieve the high-precision detection of arbitrary-oriented ships in remote sensing images. Firstly, multi-scale dilated attention is utilized to effectively capture the multi-scale semantic details of ships in remote sensing images. Secondly, the interaction between the spatial information of remote sensing images and the semantic information of low-resolution features of ships is realized by using the cross-stage partial stage. Finally, the GSConv module is introduced to minimize the loss of semantic information on ship features during transmission. The experimental results show that the proposed method has the advantages of light structure and high accuracy, and the ship detection performance is better than the state-of-the-art detection methods. Compared with YOLO11n, it improves 3.1% of mAP@0.5 and 3.3% of mAP@0.5:0.95 on the HRSC2016 dataset and 1.9% of mAP@0.5 and 1.3% of mAP@0.5:0.95 on the MMShip dataset.

МЕМБРАННЫЙ ДАВИД И РАМНЫЙ ГОЛИАФ

The article is devoted to explaining the advantages of membrane structures in comparison with frame structures, which are traditionally produced in large quantities by Russian metal structures factories. With the mass application of membrane structures, it is possible to reduce the cost of building structures, as well as significantly reduce the cost of manufacturing and installation, which will significantly reduce the total cost of the building structure of a building or structure. To promote the mass application of membrane structures in construction production, the authors invite interested organizations to cooperate and to combat nfair competition.

Favorable Symmetric Structures of Radiopharmaceutically Important Neutral Cyclen-Based Ligands

Cyclen-based ligands are prominent tools for transferring radioisotopes through the human body. A crucial criterion is the stability of their complexes, which is partly determined by the stabilization of the free ligand in solution. For the assessment of the later property, the favored conformation(s) in the solution must be known. In the present study, the conformational space of four neutral cyclen-based ligands was elucidated by a multi-step procedure: the survey of the conformational space using molecular mechanics (MM) was followed by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations on the low-energy conformers and evaluation of the solvent effects. The results revealed several low-energy conformers in aqueous solution. In terms of electronic energies, a significant preference of symmetric structures (C4 or C2—similar to the ligand arrangements in their metal complexes) was obtained. The thermal contributions to the Gibbs free energy (mainly the vibrational ones) tend to decrease this preference by several kJ/mol against non-symmetric structures. Nonetheless, the advantage of compact symmetric structures was confirmed in all the four studied cases.

Multiscale Confinement‐Modulated Cellulosic Dielectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Self‐Powered Devices

AbstractThe rapid rise of triboelectric nanogenerators, an innovative technology for low‐frequency energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing, has increased the interest in high‐performance triboelectric materials. Enhancing the surface charge density via dielectric modulation is essential for high‐performance triboelectric nanogenerators. As the most abundant biopolymer on earth, cellulose has remarkable properties such as excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, and tunable surface chemistry, indicating its significant application potential in the design and fabrication of triboelectric nanogenerators. Owing to its unique multiscale structure and excellent processability, cellulose holds substantial promise for dielectric modulation. This review aims to provide comprehensive insights into the rational design and tailored preparation of cellulosic materials with optimal dielectric constants. First, the multiscale structure and exceptional advantages of cellulosic materials are interpreted. A comprehensive investigation into multiscale confinement‐modulated cellulosic dielectric materials encompassing cellulosic molecules, dipoles, and fibers along with their dipoles is undertaken and the significance of interfacial polarization is explored. Furthermore, the emerging applications of cellulosic materials with superior dielectric properties in triboelectric nanogenerators, including energy harvesting, self‐powered sensing, and self‐powered medical and smart monitoring systems, are described. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities for cellulosic dielectric modulation are summarized.

Engineering yolk-double-shell Au@CN@ZnIn2S4 architecture with enhanced photocatalytic properties.

The efficient utilization of light and the prolonged lifetime of photo-induced charge carriers are essential elements that contribute to superior photocatalytic activity. Yolk-shell nanostructures with porous shells and mobile cores offer significant structural advantages in achieving these goals. However, designing yolk-shell multicomponent nanocomposites with diverse architectures remains a persistent challenge. The present study involves the utilization of zinc indium sulfide (ZnIn2S4) flakes, which are uniformly incorporated into the yolk-shell Au@CN structure. The inclusion of ZnIn2S4 flakes in carbon nitride (CN) significantly enhances the performance of the overall system, allowing for efficient and rapid charge transfer. The uniform distribution of ZnIn2S4 flakes throughout the yolk-shell matrix ensures the catalytic activity is maximized, resulting in superior performance compared to conventional systems. The designed photocatalyst has a hollow interior which strengthens light absorption, a thin shell that shortens the electron migration distance, tight adhesion between shells, which makes it easier to separate and transfer carriers, and a movable Au core with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) which can facilitate additional charge carrier generation for CN and ZnIn2S4. The yolk-shell microsphere composite of Au@CN@ZnIn2S4 shows a TC photodegradation rate of 72% within 2h, which is more than double the photodegradation rate of hollow CN and ZnIn2S4. The present study's experimental demonstrations valuable insights into the rational design of sophisticated metal-semiconductors double yolk-shell nanocrystals, particularly those composed of metal sulfides cocatalyst, for superior photocatalytic applications.

Cyclic Performance of Prefabricated Bridge Piers with Concrete-Filled Steel Tubes and Improved Bracing Connection Detail

Concrete-filled steel tubes (CFTs) offer significant structural advantages in terms of stiffness, strength, and ductility. The concrete core enhances the stiffness and compressive strength of columns, whereas the steel tube serves as a reinforcement to resist tension and bending by confining the concrete. Moreover, CFT columns offer exceptional resistance, such as high strength, ductility, and energy absorption capacity. This study presents experiments focused on prefabricated bridge piers featuring multiple CFT columns. Commercial circular steel tubes were utilized to streamline fabrication efforts, with bracings employed to enhance structural performance by connecting the CFT columns. Component tests were conducted for different connection details to prevent premature failure owing to cyclic loading. A full-scale modular pier was designed to explore its cyclic behavior using the bracing connection details derived from the component test. The plastification location in a modular pier can be designed using the connection details, as validated experimentally. The results of this study indicate that CFT columns, as the main component of the bridge pier, can be protected by designing connection details to induce stress concentration in the braces, thereby achieving ductile behavior.

4T1 Cell Membrane Biomimetic Nanovehicle for Enhanced Breast Cancer Treatment.

In this study, hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSN) coated with a 4T1 tumor cell membrane were used to construct biomimetic nanomaterials (DTX@CHMSN) for the treatment of breast cancer. The nanodrug can improve the water solubility of polyenetaxel (DTX) by taking advantage of the special structure, good biocompatibility, and adjustable surface chemical properties of HMSN. Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles are coated with 4T1 cell membranes derived from homologous tumors (CHMSN). Adhesion glycoproteins on cancer cell membranes specifically bind to receptors on the cell membranes of the same cancer cell to target specific breast cancer tissues. At the same time, the cell membrane of the 4T1 tumor also contains CD47 protein, which can be specifically recognized by the immune system to produce immune escape. Therefore, the biomimetic nanomedicine DTX@CHMSN, with homologous targeting and immune escape ability, can accumulate in large quantities at the tumor site, reduce systemic toxicity, and thus improve the therapeutic effect.