Advantage Of Turkey Research Articles

Bunalımdan Dostluğa: Yugoslavya Kralı I. Alexander’in Atatürk İle Görüşmesi (4 Ekim 1933)

The rapprochement of Turkey and Yugoslavia shows parallelism with important developments in the course of history. As a matter of fact, the common historical past of both countries was the Balkan policy, the legacy left behind by the withdrawal of Muslim Turks from the Balkans, and most importantly, their establishment as two new states after the First World War. Therefore, the possibility of a new war due to unresolved issues after the World War II and the aggressive policies of Italy and Germany brought along new searches. İn this context, Atatürk felt the inevitability of an alliance in the Balkans, taking into account the possibility of a war. The foreign policy of Atatürk's period was shaped with a peace-oriented tendency, which helped him to get closer to the states that were in favor of peace. This rapprochement took place with Yugoslavia, which was worried about the Balkan geography. The dominant factor that brought Yugoslavia and Turkey together on the same plane was regional approaches. Atatürk's pro-peace stance greatly influenced King Alexander and therefore caused him to pay a visit to Turkey on 3-4 October 1933. This visit was to see closely the stage that Turkey had gone through in a short time and to lay the groundwork for the search for a new alliance between the Balkan states. Acting with this mission, King Alexander assumed the role of a bridge for the security of the Balkan geography. Alexander, who wanted to take advantage of Turkey's active position at this point, had been in close contact with Atatürk. The establishment of the Balkan Pact was the fruit of this effort.

Syrian refugees as the victims of urban regeneration: A case study of Ankara, Önder and Ulubey neighborhoods

The Syrian Civil War compelled vast numbers of Syrians to leave their homeland, and taking advantage of Turkey’s Open Door Policy, millions of Syrians crossed the shared border between 2011 and 2015 in search of refuge. The temporary protection nature of Turkey’s Policy for Syrians prevented the formation of comprehensive socio-spatial policies related to the provision of human rights. Regarding to the right to housing, the lack of government accommodation for refugees meant that the Syrian refugees became a part of Turkey’s existing housing problems, such as squatting and failed urban regeneration projects. The present study reveals different dimensions of housing problems that Syrian refugees encountered such as poor housing conditions, socio-spatial isolation, unaffordability, and forced mobility through the Ankara case. It is argued that living in an area in the process of urban regeneration has exacerbated these multiple housing problems. The research is based on a mixed-method including the analysis of quantitative data, questionnaire with Syrian refugees, semi-structured in-depth interviews with both Syrian refugees and key actors, and participant observations. Field study of the Önder and Ulubey neighborhoods was conducted between 2017 and 2019. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the findings, and an explanation of their potential for use in the future in urban policymaking and planning processes.

BEING STRONGER IN NEW GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN AFTER THE PANDEMIC: SEEKING TO INCREASE FOREIGN TRADE VOLUME AND EMPLOYMENT SIMULTANEOUSLY IN TURKEY ECONOMY

This study is intended to discuss turning a broken global supply chain into an opportunity by Turkey in post-COVID-19 period and the possibility to be an alternative to China in the sectors in which Turkey is more advantageous and solution seeking to repair the employment structure which has been damaged in pandemic process. Partial direct backward linkages coefficients of both countries were calculated and Leontief similarity test and Spearman correlation test were applied to the obtained coefficients, and the results of both tests were evaluated together. As a result of the analysis, sectors having the advantage of Turkey's foreign trade is as follows: “manufacture of food products”, “manufacture of textiles”, "manufacture of other non-metalic mineral products", "construction" “manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials” and “manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, manufacture of electrical equipment”. The activities of the first 4 of these sectors are among the 6 activities which were published by TOBB and they were most affected by the Covid-19 outbreak and closed down.electronic and optical products, manufacture of electrical equipment”.

Soğuk Savaş Yıllarında Türkiye’deki ABD Üs ve Tesisleri

Türkiye, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında SSCB tehditleri karşısında ABD yanlısı bir dış politika benimsemiştir. Soğuk Savaş sürecinde krizler yaşansa da Türkiye politikasına devam etmiştir. Balkanlar, Kafkaslar ve Ortadoğu üçgeninin ortasında yer alması, İstanbul ve Çanakkale Boğazlarına sahip olması, SSCB’ye komşu olması Türkiye’yi stratejik açıdan son derece önemli kılmıştı. ABD, SSCB karşısında Türkiye’nin stratejik konumundan faydalanmaya çalışmıştır. Bu nedenle Soğuk Savaş sürecinde ABD, Türkiye toprakları üzerinde dinleme, izleme gibi amaçlarla üs ve tesisler kurmuştur. Sayıları ve kapasiteleri değişkenlik gösteren bu üs ve tesisler ülke kamuoyunda tartışmaları da beraberinde getirmiştir. ABD’nin silah ambargosuna karşılık 26 Temmuz 1975 tarihinde Türkiye, bu üs ve tesislere el koymuştu. ABD silah ambargosunu kaldırmasıyla üs ve tesislerdeki faaliyetlerine devam etmiştir. ABD, Türkiye’deki üs ve tesislerden SSCB ve Ortadoğu’nun yanı sıra ülkede istihbarat ve propaganda faaliyetleri yürütmüştür. Bu nedenle üs ve tesisler Türkiye ile SSCB ilişkilerinin iyileşmesinde engellerden birisi olmuştur.

On the internationalization of Turkish hospital chains: A dynamic capabilities perspective

How do professional service firms build the capabilities required for effective international operations? Although the internationalization of manufacturing firms is a widely studied topic, the literature on the internationalization of service firms remains scant. The problem is even more acute when it comes to studies of professional services such as healthcare organizations and hospitals. Yet, we encounter remarkable examples of international market expansion by professional service firms. In this paper, we report on a study of large privately-owned hospital operators from the emerging economy of Turkey, based on in-depth interviews with senior executives. Taking advantage of Turkey’s strategic location in the region, these firms have shown extraordinary entrepreneurial initiative expanding their operations beyond the home market over the past two decades. Even more impressive is the creative strategies these firms have been deploying in terms of market entry modes. These range from medical tourism to setting up diagnostic clinics abroad, operating full-service hospitals in key markets, management contracts, and attracting equity capital from international investment firms. We draw from the theory of dynamic capabilities in order to explain the success these firms have had in cultivating international market opportunities. We contend that it takes a variety of organizational capabilities for traditionally domestic-market focused firms to expand into international markets. We provide an integrative discussion and offer implications for advancing knowledge and managerial practice.

Competitiveness analysis of forest products trade between Turkey and European Union countries

The study assessed the competitiveness of Turkey and European Union countries in the trade of forest products. The study covered a period from 2006 to 2016 and focused on three commodity groups with the following harmonized system (HS) codes; HS44: Wood and articles of wood, wood charcoal; HS47: Pulp of wood, or other fibrous cellulosic material, recovered (waste and scrap) paper or paperboard; and HS48: Paper and paperboard, articles of paper pulp, paper or paper board. To analyze the competitive (dis)advantage of Turkey in forest products trade with the European Countries, the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index, Relative Export Advantage Index, Relative Import Advantage Index, and the Relative Trade Index were used. In addition, Cross Relative Export Advantage and Cross Relative Import Advantage indicators were used to examine the competitiveness of Turkey and European Countries in forest products trade. The findings indicated that although Turkey’s Relative Export Advantage Index has been improving from 2012, the Relative Import Advantage Index worsened during the same period hence a trade disadvantage compared to the European Union countries in recent years.

Post 2015 strategies to improve business models in corporate Turkey

The 2015 elections in Turkey disrupted corporate business models in the country. Conducting business in Turkey has unquestionably been impacted by political activity that has often erupted into cultural wars and civil demonstrations. This paper discusses the strategies corporations must undertake to secure a sustainable competitive advantage in Turkey. It researches and critically evaluates the business impact of the changing and often turbulent politics, as well as collects and analyzes economic data in order to propose a decision making platform allowing companies to make informed strategic decisions. Paralleling this research, the paper also investigates how supply chains into and out of Turkey have been severely disrupted as a result of political unrest. Supply chain disruption is increasing amongst trading nations as they (the supply chains) become more complex as a result of their global expansion. External, as well as internal data, are gathered and examined for this paper in order to recommend corporate action to be taken to minimize supply chain disruption. Protection of supply chains needs to also be a priority of government. Therefore, this paper suggests how involvement in supply chain management by a stable government in Turkey would help minimize disruption and make supply chains in the country much more productive and efficient.

The effects of the board composition, board size and CEO duality on export performance

PurposeThis study aims to understand the antecedents of export performance at the firm level. Building on agency theory but taking into account emerging market settings and institutional differences, the authors investigate how the board composition determines the export competitiveness of the firms operating in an emerging country from the point of view of corporate governance mechanisms.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from 221 exporting firms for four years (2007-2010), the authors find that there is a significantly positive relationship between board size and all measures of export performance, while a higher presence of outside directors on the board is negatively associated with export performance, consistently with expectations. The separation of chairman of board of directors and chief executive officer (CEO) positions has significantly positive impact on export performance. On the other hand, the authors find no support for the position that inside director professional representation neither reduce nor increase all measures of export performance of firms. In other words, the convergence with Western practices and consistently with agency theory’s claims is evident for both board size and CEO duality. However, the effects of inside professional and outside directors are no consistent with agency theorists’ expectations.FindingsUsing data from 221 exporting firms for four years (2007-2010), the authors find that there is a significantly positive relationship between board size and all measures of export performance, while a higher presence of outside directors on the board is a negatively associated with export performance, consistently with expectations. The separation of chairman of board of directors and CEO positions has significantly positive impact on export performance. On the other hand, the authors find no support for the position that inside director professional representation neither reduce nor increase all measures of export performance of firms. In other words, the convergence with Western practices and consistently with agency theory’s claims is evident for both board size and CEO duality. However, the effects of inside professional and outside directors are no consistent with agency theorists’ expectations.Research limitations/implicationsExport performance is one of the most widely researched areas within international marketing research but least reached topic of management. However, exporting continues to be an important mode of internationalization for multinational companies, especially operating an emerging economy. This study is one of the first studies on the impact of governance factors such as board structure on only export performance rather than overall (firm) performance in light of international management. In other words, the study of the determinants of exports in the context of an emerging economy is an important contribution to the literature, given that our understanding of how the board composition determines the export competitiveness from the point of view of firms operating in an emerging country such as Turkey. Moreover, this research investigates this relationship at objective export performance dimensions using primary data set from listed and non-listed export firms.Practical implicationsThe current study offered in-depth information to multinational companies that aim to gain a competitive exporting advantage in Turkey. Further, the results of this study give managers an opportunity to see the reasons behind the success of the exporting firms from the point of view of corporate governance mechanism.Originality/valueIn this paper, the authors contribute to this recent stream of research providing evidence on the effects of governance mechanism on the export performance from the point of view of emerging countries. Building on agency theory but taking into account emerging market settings and institutional differences, and international management, the authors provide a new framework that models the linkages between board composition and export performance. This work helps us to gain a deeper understanding of how board dynamics contribute to the internalization of firms. Research in this area has been sparse, although some studies have linked governance with export intensity. In this effort, the authors differentiate from previous studies in several ways.

Bringing the incumbency advantage into question for proportional representation

The literature largely neglects whether individual politicians or political parties in proportional representation enjoy a similar incumbency advantage to the established democracies with SMD. We suggest that institutional settings provide incentives for political parties to field incumbent candidates strategically, depending on district size; and high levels of party system instability in consolidating democracies create conditions under which political parties benefit more from the incumbents' reputations. By using a new dataset, we test whether the incumbency advantage exists, and depends on the district size and the level of political instability in Turkey. Our results indicate that the incumbency advantage in Turkey is largely conditional on the district size. The effect of the party system instability is also substantial. The higher the party system instability, the more political parties benefit from fielding incumbents in party lists.

The Competitiveness of Agricultural Products in the aftermath of the Global Food Crisis: Turkish Case

Food and financial crisis have been consecutively experienced in the second half of the 2000s and have significantly affected the commodity markets. Those crises led to serious fluctuations at food prices and agricultural production costs. In this study it is aimed to determine the change in comparative advantage of Turkey resulting from the food crisis in 2007-2008 and the rising food prices in 2011 given that the domestic agricultural production costs and prices are high in Turkey. In the study statistical comparisons are used as a method in the examination of international conditions of competitiveness via OECD statistics, and domestic sources are prefered examining cost structures and prices of selected products in Turkey to understand the global competitiveness situation. According to the data revealed in commodity prices, especially after 2010 domestic prices converged to world prices. Meanwhile, due to the crises, especially energy and fertilizer costs of agricultural production have risen and their weight in costs have increased. In the study cereal products, sunflower and sugar beet are expected to experience trouble in the world markets even when their production costs are considered. Whereas barley and sugar gains comparative advantage at world prices. Consequently, while improving agricultural structure in the country, reducing costs of inputs in agricultural production through relevant policies, productivity-enhancement through R&D and use of the technology in production are important policy choices for improving competitiveness considering the positive impact of rising world food prices.

The impact of board composition on corporate financial and social responsibility performance: Evidence from public-listed companies in Turkey

In an attempt to explain the relationships between principles of good governance, marketing practices and financial performances of companies in Turkey, the authors examined the inter-relationships between board composition characteristics, corporate social responsibility practices and financial performance in this study. The population of this study is Turkish firms that are listed in the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) in 2007 and have a published corporate governance compliance report. Using content and logistic regression analyses, the authors found that smaller board size leads to better financial performance, whereas inside directors and CEO duality lead to worse financial performance. On the other hand, independent directors lead to better corporate social responsibility. By providing evidence from an emerging country, Turkey, this study provided some meaningful insights into the board of directors’ composition, corporate social responsibility practices and the effects of both on the various financial output of a company. Emphasizing the importance of corporate social responsibility practices and board composition characteristics, the current study offered in-depth information to companies that aim to gain a competitive financial advantage in Turkey. Key words: Turkey, board characteristics, corporate social responsibility, financial performance.