Advanced Materials Research Research Articles

Preface

In order to promote academic exchanges and cooperation in aerospace and mechanics and share the latest research results and cutting-edge technologies, we gathered in Shenyang, China during 12th to 14th July 2024, to usher in the 2024 International Conference on Aerospace and Mechanics (ICAM 2024). This Proceedings of ICAM 2024 gathers the wisdom of top scholars, experts and business elites from all over the world, aiming to provide a high-level and internationalized communication platform for the participants. The conference aimed to stimulate innovative thinking and promote the development of the discipline through an in-depth discussion of the latest advances and challenges in the field of aerospace and mechanics, and to contribute to the prosperity of the global aerospace industry. It was organized with keynote speeches, oral presentations, poster presentations, and academic investigation, attracting more than 150 delegates around the world. The technical program hosted by Hui Li (Chairman of this year’s conference, Professor of Northeastern University) actually started on the morning of July 13th with an opening speech by Aiping Zhang (Dean of the School of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University). And then, 16 experts and scholars from home and abroad, including Bangchun Wen (Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Professor of Northeastern University), Ramesh K. Agarwal (IEEE Fellow, Professor of Washington University in St. Louis, USA), Hui Ma (Professor of Northeastern University), Jin Zhou (Professor of Xi’an Jiaotong University), Zhongwei Guan (Professor from Advanced Materials Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, UAE), among others, gave presentations to share the achievements of scientific research and innovation in different fields. They provided in-depth analysis and sharing on cutting-edge hotspots such as aerospace technology, aerospace mechanics, new materials and structures, aerodynamics, fluid mechanics, vibration and noise control. In addition, the conference also set up special seminars to discuss the current hot issues in the field, providing participants with opportunities for in-depth exchanges and collision of ideas. ICAM 2024 came to an end on the afternoon of July 14th and was indeed very successful! National and international leading scientists and researchers have gathered at the conference and created a stimulating scientific atmosphere for themselves and for the young scholars. And the conference has promoted the development and application in the fields of and related to aerospace and mechanics, as well as fostered the industrial cooperation of academic achievements. List of Committee Member is available in this Pdf.

Visible Light-Sensitive Sustainable Quantum Dot Crystals of Co/Mg Doped Natural Hydroxyapatite Possessing Antimicrobial Activity and Biocompatibility.

Cutting-edge research in advanced materials is increasingly turning toward the development of novel multifunctional nanomaterials for use in high-tech applications. This research uses the solid-state method as a solvent-free technique to create multifunctional quantum dot (QD) hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals from bovine bone waste. By incorporating cobalt (Co) and magnesium (Mg) into the HA structure, the crystallinity of the hexagonal HA nanoparticles (99.7%), showing QD crystals is enhanced. Oxygen vacancies on the surfaces of the HA nanoparticles contributed to their bandgap falling within the visible light range. In addition, the dopants substituted calcium in the HA crystal structure and generated a divalent oxidation state, shifting the bandgap of natural HA toward red wavelengths (3.26 to 1.94eV). Moreover, the incorporation of Co led to magnetization within the HA structure through spin polarization. Additionally, the doped QD crystals of HA nanoparticles showed significant antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and bacteriophages MS2, particularly under visible light exposure. In short, the Co/Mg co-doped HA nanoparticles exhibited ferromagnetic properties, sensitivity to visible light, biocompatibility, and considerable antimicrobial effects, establishing their potential as sustainable multifunctional materials for biomedical applications, especially in anti-infection treatments.

Luminescent Pentacene‐Loaded Carbon Nanodots with Red‐Light Triggered Photothermal and Photosensitizing Properties

The development of multifunctional nanosystems for photo‐induced hyperthermia and photodynamic effect is a challenging topic in the research of advanced materials for application in biomedical field. Here, we report red‐luminescent carbon‐nanodots (CDs‐PNM/PTC) derived from entrapment of pentacene (PTC) in nanodots prepared from poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) polymer (CDs‐PNM) by an easy and reagent‐free method. The CD‐PNM/PTC nanosystem was characterized by different techniques (UV‐Vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence, NMR, AFM). Molecular modelling investigations were performed to unveil stability, structures and energy of the CD‐PNM/PTC supramolecular adducts at 298 K and 315 K. The nanosized CDs–PNM/PTC exhibited excellent water‐dispersibility, good photothermal conversion efficiency and photosensitizing effect at 680 nm. No significant toxicity and eukaryotic cell uptake are features that open to potential applications in photothermal‐photodynamic treatments.

Machine learning accelerated the prediction of mechanical properties of copper modified by TMDs based on molecular dynamics simulation

In this study, we constructed a dataset of elastic modulus and ultimate stress for copper material enhanced by Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) through Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. Subsequently, leveraging chemical insights, we selected appropriate descriptors and established machine learning prediction models for elastic modulus and ultimate stress, respectively. Finally, the performance of the machine learning models was evaluated using a test set. The results demonstrate excellent performance of the machine learning models in predicting material properties. This work presents a novel approach for efficient material screening, demonstrating the synergy between MD simulations and machine learning in advancing materials research and intelligent material selection platforms.

The Wavelet Transform and Its Spectral Analysis: A Modern Review and Some Results in Harmonic Discrete Analysis

The wavelet transform and its multiple versions in many aspects of the spectral analysis, the wavelet transform, likewise its relation with other transforms and special functions, needs a special treatment due to that in last years the developments in quantum electronics and recognition of signals in the frequency domain, likewise exploration profuse on new research in advanced materials like special semiconductors or fine devices in medicine, where the research is more detailed and majorly more specific in different applications. Likewise we have the wavelet transform of special function where each one can establish of very useful way the creation and design of special signal filters used in the modern industry in electronics, data processing analysis or even in the configuration of the advanced electronic equipment. Also the interphase between reception-emission devices with sensorial parts of the human body, in biomedical engineering. A version is interesting like the quantum wavelet transform which is very useful in the spectral study of traces of particles, for example studied from atomic accelerator. Finally are given general results to the discrete study of signal, which is analyzed to the wavelet transform and its spectra.

Impact of temperature on ophthalmic viscosurgical devices and clinical implications: a pilot study.

To evaluate how temperature affects the rheology of common ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) and clinical implications. Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, Glasgow, with Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom. Laboratory pilot study. The viscous and elastic responses of 3 OVDs (Eyefill-SC/Eyefill-C/Eyefill-HD) were measured using rotational and extensional rheometers at clinically relevant temperatures (5°C, 25°C, 37°C). Thermal properties were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry and laser-flash analysis. The OVDs tested exhibited viscoelastic properties and shear-thinning behavior. Apparent viscosities and relaxation time were higher at lower temperatures. The Eyefill-C and Eyefill-SC exhibited predominantly viscous character at low frequencies with a transition to predominantly elastic behavior at high frequencies. An increase in temperature led to a decrease in relaxation time under shear and extension. At low frequencies, Eyefill-C and Eyefill-SC moduli increase with decreasing temperatures. Eyefill-HD at 25°C and 37°C displays 2 crossover points, with the storage modulus dominating at low and high frequencies indicating a predominantly elastic behavior. Thermal property analysis revealed Eyefill-C had the lowest thermal conductivity. This pilot study confirms our clinical experience that OVD properties are affected by low temperatures, with increased viscosities at low shear rates and higher relaxation times. Cold OVD can cause greater resistance to initiation of intraocular lens (IOL) injection system forces (compared with warmer OVD). Excessively forced injection using cold OVD could contribute to inadvertent cannula detachment if incorrectly assembled, or uncontrolled IOL release leading to avoidable injury.

Prospects of friction stir processed Mg alloys and composites-Reviews and suggestions

The pursuit of advanced materials with enhanced or tailored properties has indeed been a crucial focus in various industries. From aerospace to automotive, and from nuclear power to space exploration, the need for materials that can withstand extreme conditions, offer improved performance, and ensure safety is paramount. Safety standards are vital in industries where materials are subjected to extreme conditions or where failure could have catastrophic consequences. Therefore, research in advanced materials not only focuses on enhancing properties but also ensuring that these materials meet rigorous safety standards. Friction stir processing (FSP) emerges as a transformative methodology, facilitating the achievement of superplasticity, enhanced ductility, heightened strength, toughness, and hardness, all while preserving the structural integrity of the material. In recent years, notable advancements have been witnessed in preparing magnesium (Mg) alloys, Mg composites, and functional Mg materials. This comprehensive review encompasses the latest developments, global significance, adherence to standards, and innovative strides in Mg alloys from 2011 to 2023. It includes the FSP processing techniques, governing mechanism, advantageous properties, grain size, dislocations and their impacts, corrosion, wear behaviour, formability studies, cryogenic FSP, underwater FSP and friction stir additive manufacturing. Readers will gain critical insights, receive constructive suggestions, and discern future directions from this extensive review, as it encapsulates the trajectory of advancements in Mg alloys and delineates promising horizons with potentially transformative impacts in materials science research. Prospects and potential areas would deem help upcoming researchers to pursue with new advanced materials.

Effect of Negative Pressure on the Structure and Diffusion Process of Silicon Dioxide at a Liquefied Nitrogen Temperature Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations

This study uses molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the effect of negative pressure on the structure and diffusion process of SiOx structural units (x = 4, 5) in Silicon dioxide at a liquefied nitrogen temperature. When decreases the pressure from 0 GPa to -10 GPa at 70 K, the lengths of the links Si-Si, Si-O, and O-O initially increase and then decrease, the system size increases, and the total energy of the system increases. During the diffusion process, number of structural units SiO4 increases, whereas the number of structural units SiO5 decreases. The average coordination number of link Si-O is constantly 4.0, while the average coordination number of link O-O decreases from 7.0 to 6.0, leading to changes in the microstructural characteristics. This is accompanied by changes in bond angles, with SiO4 has is 105 (degree) and SiO5 decreasing from 90 (degree) to 85 (degree). The length of the links increases from 1.64 Å to 1.66 Å for number of structural units SiO4 and increases from 1.68 Å to 1.74 Å for SiO5 units. These findings provide a basis for future experimental studies aimed at the research and development of advanced materials.

Impact of Sacrificial Hydrogen Bonds on the Structure and Properties of Rubber Materials: Insights from All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

The inclusion of sacrificial hydrogen bonds is crucial for advancing high-performance rubber materials. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the impact of these bonds on material properties remain unclear, hindering progress in advanced rubber material research. This study employed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to thoroughly investigate how hydrogen bonds affect the structure, dynamics, mechanics, and linear viscoelasticity of rubber materials. As the modified repeating unit ratio (β) increased, both interchain and intrachain hydrogen bond content rose, with interchain bonds playing a predominant role. This physical cross-linking network formed through interchain hydrogen bonds restricts molecular chain movement and relaxation and raises the glass transition temperature of rubber. Within a certain content of hydrogen bonds, the mechanical strength increases with increasing β. However, further increasing β leads to a subsequent decrease in the mechanical performance. Optimal mechanical properties were observed at β = 6%. On the other hand, a higher β value yields an elevated stress relaxation modulus and an extended stress relaxation plateau, signifying a more complex hydrogen-bond cross-linking network. Additionally, higher β increases the storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex viscosity while reducing the loss factor. In summary, this study successfully established the relationship between the structure and properties of natural rubber containing hydrogen bonds, providing a scientific foundation for the design of high-performance rubber materials.

A template wizard for the cocreation of machine-readable data-reporting to harmonize the evaluation of (nano)materials.

Making research data findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR) is typically hampered by a lack of skills in technical aspects of data management by data generators and a lack of resources. We developed a Template Wizard for researchers to easily create templates suitable for consistently capturing data and metadata from their experiments. The templates are easy to use and enable the compilation of machine-readable metadata to accompany data generation and align them to existing community standards and databases, such as eNanoMapper, streamlining the adoption of the FAIR principles. These templates are citable objects and are available as online tools. The Template Wizard is designed to be user friendly and facilitates using and reusing existing templates for new projects or project extensions. The wizard is accompanied by an online template validator, which allows self-evaluation of the template (to ensure mapping to the data schema and machine readability of the captured data) and transformation by an open-source parser into machine-readable formats, compliant with the FAIR principles. The templates are based on extensive collective experience in nanosafety data collection and include over 60 harmonized data entry templates for physicochemical characterization and hazard assessment (cell viability, genotoxicity, environmental organism dose-response tests, omics), as well as exposure and release studies. The templates are generalizable across fields and have already been extended and adapted for microplastics and advanced materials research. The harmonized templates improve the reliability of interlaboratory comparisons, data reuse and meta-analyses and can facilitate the safety evaluation and regulation process for (nano) materials.

Biography Leticia Myriam Torres Guerra

Born in Monterrey, Nuevo León, in 1955, Dr. Leticia Torres graduated with a degree in Industrial Chemistry from the Autonomous University of Nuevo León and earned her PhD in Advanced Ceramic Materials from the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1985. She holds a certification in Applied Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency from Harvard University. Throughout her distinguished professional career, she has held key positions such as Deputy Director of Research at the Faculty of Chemical Sciences (1995-2001), Deputy Director of Scientific Development at CONACYT (2011-2013), Head of the Department of Eco-materials and Energy at the Faculty of Civil Engineering UANL (2005-2019), and leader of the Consolidated Academic Body "Development of Environmental Materials" from 2008 to the present. Since December 6, 2019, she has been serving as the General Director of the Center for Research in Advanced Materials (CIMAV).

Tool Coating Development: A Historical Overview

The development of tool coatings over time is evidence of human inventiveness and the ongoing effort to enhance machining techniques. Tool performance, tool life, and machining operation optimization have been the driving forces behind the development of tool coatings from the dawn of civilization to the present day of advanced materials research. The development of tool coatings from antiquity to the present is covered in detail in this research paper's extensive history. An analysis is conducted of significant turning points, discoveries, and technical developments in the tool coatings sector, emphasizing the revolutionary influence these developments have had on a range of industries

Electrical Materials and Applications: A new journal dedicated to advanced electrical materials research and development

<i>Electrical Materials and Applications</i>: A new journal dedicated to advanced electrical materials research and development

Machine Learning Aided Design and Optimization of Thermal Metamaterials.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has advanced material research that were previously intractable, for example, the machine learning (ML) has been able to predict some unprecedented thermal properties. In this review, we first elucidate the methodologies underpinning discriminative and generative models, as well as the paradigm of optimization approaches. Then, we present a series of case studies showcasing the application of machine learning in thermal metamaterial design. Finally, we give a brief discussion on the challenges and opportunities in this fast developing field. In particular, this review provides: (1) Optimization of thermal metamaterials using optimization algorithms to achieve specific target properties. (2) Integration of discriminative models with optimization algorithms to enhance computational efficiency. (3) Generative models for the structural design and optimization of thermal metamaterials.

A Short Review of Recent Trends in Photovoltaics Research Using Van-der Waals Materials

In recent years, the exploration of van der Waals materials has taken center stage in the field of advanced materials research. Studies have delved deeply into the multifaceted characteristics of these materials, and in particular their potential applications in solar cell technology. Van der Waals materials, named after the unique forces binding their layers, are of high interest because of their unparalleled physical and chemical properties. Their two-dimensional (2D) nature offers a plethora of advantageous features, including a high surface-to-volume ratio, which is crucial to enhanced light absorption and electron transport. The tunable electronic properties of these materials also offer a versatile platform for customizing behavior to meet the specific requirements of solar cell applications. Their distinctive optical characteristics can also be enhanced to improve light absorption and reduce energy losses, thereby increasing overall solar cell efficiency. Recent research has not only investigated the inherent properties of van der Waals materials but also explored various techniques to combine and stack them. Such methodologies aim to exploit and optimize the synergistic effects of different materials, paving the way for next-generation solar cells with improved performance metrics. A comprehensive examination of the operating principles of these materials provides insights into their interaction with light and their subsequent electrical behavior. The study concludes with a forward-looking perspective, emphasizing how the integration of van der Waals materials could very well revolutionize the solar cell industry. Their potential to significantly boost the efficiency and stability of solar cells positions them as promising candidates for future sustainable energy solutions.

Nanotechnologies in ceramic electrochemical cells.

Although they are emerging technologies for achieving high-efficiency and green and eco-friendly energy conversion, ceramic electrochemical cells (CECs), i.e. solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) and fuel cells (SOFCs), are still fundamentally limited by their inferior catalytic activities at low temperature, poor thermo-mechanical stability, high material cost, etc. The materials used in electrolytes and electrodes, which are the most important components in CECs, are highly associated with the cell performances. Therefore, rational design of electrolytes and electrodes with excellent catalytic activities and high stabilities at relatively low cost is a meaningful and valuable approach for the development of CECs. Nanotechnology is a powerful tool for improving the material performances in CECs owing to the favourable effects induced by the nanocrystallization of electrolytes and electrodes. Herein, a relatively comprehensive review on the nanotechnologies implemented in CECs is conducted. The working principles of CECs and the corresponding challenges were first presented, followed by the comprehensive insights into the working mechanisms of nanocrystalline materials in CECs. Then, systematic summarization and analyses of the commonly used nano-engineering strategies in the fabrication of CEC materials, including physical and chemical methods, were provided. In addition, the frontiers in the research of advanced electrolyte and electrode materials were discussed with a special emphasis on the modified electrochemical properties derived from nanotechnologies. Finally, the bottlenecks and the promising breakthroughs in nanotechnologies were highlighted in the direction of providing useful references for rational design of nanomaterials for CECs.

Enhancing Aluminum-Based Composite Manufacturing: Harnessing Si3N4 Reinforcement via Stir Casting Technique

This study investigates the enhancement of aluminum-based composite manufacturing by incorporating Si3N4 reinforcement via the stir casting technique. Aluminum alloy serves as the matrix material, augmented with ceramic reinforcement particles. The alloy is melted at approximately 700°C in a muffle furnace, with ceramic particles gradually introduced and dispersed homogeneously through continuous stirring at 400 rpm for 10 minutes. The uniform distribution of Si3N4 particles underscores the efficacy of the stirring technique. Addition of 7.5% Si3N4 reinforcement results in substantial improvements across mechanical properties: tensile strength increases by 24.76%, hardness by 24.76%, fatigue strength by 26.78%, and wear resistance by 29.50%. These enhancements highlight the effectiveness of Si3N4 reinforcement in augmenting the performance of aluminum composites. The findings hold significant implications for industries requiring lightweight, high-strength materials, such as aerospace, automotive, and manufacturing, suggesting promising avenues for further research and practical applications in advanced engineering materials.

Red light-triggerable nanohybrids of graphene oxide, gold nanoparticles and thermo-responsive polymers for combined photothermia and drug release effects.

The development of multifunctional nanohybrid systems for combined photo-induced hyperthermia and drug release is a challenging topic in the research of advanced materials for application in the biomedical field. Here, we report the first example of a three-component red-light-responsive nanosystem consisting of graphene oxide, gold nanoparticles and poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (GO-Au-PNM). The GO-Au-PNM nanostructures were characterized by spectroscopic techniques and atomic force microscopy. They exhibited photothermal conversion effects at various wavelengths, lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behaviour, and curcumin (Curc) loading capacity. The formation of GO-Au-PNM/Curc adducts and photothermally controlled drug release, triggered by red-light excitation (680 nm), were demonstrated using spectroscopic techniques. Drug-polymer interaction and drug-release mechanism were well supported by modelling simulation calculations. The cellular uptake of GO-Au-PNM/Curc was imaged by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In vitro experiments revealed the excellent biocompatibility of the GO-Au-PNM that did not affect the viability of human cells.

Paulownia spp.: A Bibliometric Trend Analysis of a Global Multi-Use Tree

The research on Paulownia spp. has increased in the last twenty years thanks to the growing interest in the application modalities of this plant in various sectors such as wood, phytoremediation, environmental protection, paper, biofuel, chemistry and medicine. For the first time, this study analyzed the papers present in the Web of Science Core Collection on “Paulownia” to obtain a set of characteristics in the work carried out from 1971 to 2021. This analysis selected and took into account 820 articles and provided evidence of the scientific production of authors, institutions, and countries. This work showed that the most studied species was Paulownia tomentosa, followed by P. fortunei and P. elongate. The JCR category and research area with the most publications was plant science, with 20.4% of the total. The papers were published in 460 journals and in a book series. The journals with the most publications were Bioresources, Advanced Material Research, Agroforestry Systems, Journal of Wood Science and Industrial Crops and Products. The institutions with the most prolific affiliation with the field of Paulownia spp. research were Henan University, the US Department of Agriculture, Belgrade University, the Chinese Academy, and Georgia University. Finally, the 3842 keywords were divided into nine different clusters and the trends of interest in the last fifteen years were highlighted.

Prospects of materials genome engineering frontiers

AbstractMaterials genome engineering represents the new frontier of materials research, and is disrupting the conventional “trial and error” paradigm for materials innovation. In the present perspective, the author reflects on the major achievements already made in five sub‐domains, including high‐efficiency materials computation and design, revolutionary experimental technologies, materials big data technologies, research and development of advanced materials, and industrial applications. Furthermore, the author lays out five crucial directions of future efforts for maturing the relevant technologies. These directions include cross‐scale modeling and computational design, artificial intelligence for materials science, automatic and intelligent experimentation, digital twin, and data resource management and sharing.