Advances In Endocrinology Research Articles

Advances in Endocrinology: Bridging Research and Clinical Practice

Advances in Endocrinology: Bridging Research and Clinical Practice

Impact of simulation via instant messaging -birmingham advance (SIMBA) on clinician's confidence to manage type 1 diabetes mellitus using technological advances in endocrinology

Impact of simulation via instant messaging -birmingham advance (SIMBA) on clinician's confidence to manage type 1 diabetes mellitus using technological advances in endocrinology

International Roadshow: New Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases.

Dear Readers,Currently, there is a myriad of new developments in the field of endocrinology. In particular, significant strides have been made in the development of poly-agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity 1 2. Poly-agonists represent a novel therapeutic approach by combining multiple actions within a single molecule, targeting multiple receptors simultaneously to achieve enhanced efficacy. These innovative compounds aim to address the complex interplay of hormonal pathways involved in glucose regulation and metabolism, offering potential breakthroughs in the management of diabetes and obesity.

¿Por qué delinquen nuestros niños? Niñez y publicaciones criminológicas (Buenos Aires, 1930-1946)

Around 1930 in Buenos Aires, physicians and lawyers began asking why children were committing crimes as part of a penal agenda revealed in publications such as the Revista de Psiquiatría, Criminología y Medicina Legal and the Anales de la Sociedad Argentina de Criminología from 1930 to 1946. Emerging from this discourse, conceived as a social practice, was an approach to the dangerous nature of childhood, linked to biological qualities, environmental factors and issues related to family and gender which were flagged as a precursor to crime. Advances in endocrinology, criminal biotypology, and psychiatry were resumed, with these subjects also addressed at the First International Congress on Criminology in Rome and the First Latin American Congress on Criminology in Buenos Aires, both held in 1938. A qualitative analysis of the discourse reveals a blend of the incidence of the biological and the social in the dangerous nature of childhood.

A Historical Perspective on Endocrine Disruption as an Emerging Multifaceted Medical Problem

This historical perspective outlines how advances in endocrinology are uncovering mechanisms by which environmental chemicals may interfere in the synthesis and actions of hormones. Such chemicals have been termed endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Advances in understanding of receptor-mediated genomic and non-genomic actions of hormones have demonstrated the ability of EDCs to compete with hormone for binding to receptors in target cells and thereby to either mimic or antagonise hormone action. Advances in development of a range of assays for identifying endocrine activity of environmental chemicals have led to an appreciation of the wide distribution of EDCs to which the human population are now exposed in air, water, food and consumer products. Technological advances for measuring EDC concentrations in human tissues have demonstrated their widespread presence in human urine, blood, milk, adipose tissue, placenta and breast. Advances in understanding of the wide-ranging physiological effects of hormones and underlying defects in endocrine disorders have begun to reveal how EDCs may provide a new dimension to endocrine dysfunction. Evidence is accumulating for a role of EDCs in many male and female reproductive disorders, thyroid and adrenal disorders, immune system dysfunction and metabolic disorders including obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Deregulation of hormonally controlled cell growth may contribute to development of endocrine cancers. Adverse effects of EDCs on developmental processes, including neurodevelopment, have implications for child health and for appearance of disorders not only in later adult life but also into future generations.

Research Techniques Made Simple: Parabiosis to Elucidate Humoral Factors in Skin Biology

Circulating factors in the blood and lymph support critical functions of living tissues. Parabiosis refers to the condition in which two entire living animals are conjoined and share a single circulatory system. This surgically created animal model was inspired by naturally occurring pairs of conjoined twins. Parabiosis experiments testing whether humoral factors from one animal affect the other have been performed for more than 150 years and have led to advances in endocrinology, neurology, musculoskeletal biology, and dermatology. The development of high-throughput genomics and proteomics approaches permitted the identification of potential circulating factors and rekindled scientific interest in parabiosis studies. For example, this technique may be used to assess how circulating factors may affect skin homeostasis, skin differentiation, skin aging, wound healing, and, potentially, skin cancer.

Erratum to GLP-1 receptor agonists: a review of head-to-head clinical studies

SAGE Publications wish to apologise for the following error which was introduced into "GLP-1 receptor agonists: a review of head-to-head clinical studies" by Jennifer M. Trujillo, Wesley Nuffer and Samuel L. Ellis. This article was published in Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism 2015, volume 6(1) 19-28, DOI: 10.1177/2042018814559725.

Strategy support for the Post‐Market Monitoring (PMM) of GM plants: Review of existing PMM strategies developed for the safety assessment of human and animal health

Strategy support for the Post‐Market Monitoring (PMM) of GM plants: Review of existing PMM strategies developed for the safety assessment of human and animal health

Notification of removal of Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism article

Notification of removal of Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism article

Clinically relevant genetic advances in endocrinology

#### Key points Genetic advances have enabled redefinition of diseases according to their true causes and this molecular-based taxonomy has transformed our understanding of medicine and improved diagnosis and treatments for patients[1][1] Genetic testing is helpful in clinical practice in several

The clinical pharmacology of obesity

With this editorial I would like to introduce myself as a new Associate Editor for Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism. During my education and academic career I conducted adipose tissue research, and was an investigator in a multitude of obesity studies, either related to weight loss, or treatment of the obese hypertensive patient. Throughout the years, this work has provoked several thoughts about the treatment of the obese patient. In general, the relationship between body weight (as a more general concept) and drug treatment has two dimensions:

New therapeutic efforts and upcoming developments in the field of diabetes medicine and endocrinology

I welcome the readers to the newest issue of Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism. In this issue, two important therapeutic fields are addressed: In the diabetes area the pharmacologic improvement of insulin therapy and a specific cellular therapy for treating severe foot ulcers as a treatment option in complicated and therapy-resistant cases; in the field of specific endocrine and metabolic disorders, the pharmacologic treatment of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) which is also called the Schwartz-Bartter-Syndrome is extensively reviewed. It is a sobering statistic: in an online survey of 500 patients with types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, 57% reported intentionally omitting their insulin injections. From a patient’s perspective, avoiding hypoglycemia is a major concern and this is probably one of the main causes of non-adherence to this medication, resulting in poor glycemic control. A longer-acting basal insulin should, therefore, address this problem. The review by Ammar Wakil and Stephen Atkin in this issue looks at Degludec, a new long acting insulin with a longer half-life than others, a flat time-action profile (less likely to cause hypoglycemia) and less day-to-day variability, improving glycaemic control. Degludec is made by deleting a threonine residue from human insulin and adding an acyl side chain to a lysine residue, so that injection results in self-association and the formation of large soluble multi-hexamers – a subcutaneous depot. This promises better glycemic control compared with insulin glargine and patients have more choice as to the timing of their basal insulin dose. Lower limb amputations as a result of non-healing foot ulcers in diabetic patients are regrettable, especially because they might have been avoided with more consequent and earlier treatment of the disease. In a letter to the Editor from the group of Matthias Weck, an emerging cellular therapy using platelet-rich plasma gel is described, and seems to provide previously unavailable ulcer management options to avoid limb loss. Physicians haven’t had a specific therapy for hyponatremia until the recent arrival of vasopressin receptor antagonists, the vaptans. Peter Gross contributes to the issue with a comprehensive review focusing on SIADH, accounting for one third of hyponatremia and serving as a general model for the disease. Misdiagnosis is common, and the author discusses the importance of demonstrating reduced effective serum osmolality in a given hyponatremia to exclude the possibility of a normoosmolar or hyperosmolar hyponatremia. It must be considered that a common circumstance of hyperosmolar hyponatremia is hyperglycemia. The introduction of parenteral (conivaptan) and orally available (tolvaptan) renal V-2 vasopressin receptor antagonists – collectively called vaptans - for the specific, easily titratable treatment of SIADH has been considered a breakthrough. The author gives detailed practical expert advice on their therapeutic use.

Endocrinology @ the nobels

For practitioners of endocrinology, ours is the most challenging, interesting, and inclusive of all medical specialties. Covering the entire body from head to toe, and sharing common ground with specialties as diverse as oncology and dermatology, the study of hormones straddles the vast expanse of medical science as no other superspecialty can. At the same time, various basic, paraclinical, investigative, and therapeutic branches contribute, in no small way, to the growth of endocrine medicine as well. Endocrinology continues to grow daily, with new hormones and hormone-like factors being discovered regularly. But how important are these discoveries in the over all scheme of medical science? What importance does the rest of medicine place on endocrinology? One such way to find out is by analyzing the Nobel Prize list in Medicine or Physiology, as well as other subjects. By doing so, one can get a fair idea of the momentous and path-breaking discoveries and inventions in medicine. One can also assess the relative contribution of different disciplines to the growth of medicine. Endocrinology has always had a strong showing at the Nobel Prizes. While efforts have been made earlier to collate lists of Nobel Prize laureates who have worked in endocrinology,[1,2] an exhaustive and detailed compilation of the same has not been highlighted. This is in contrast to detailed descriptions of prize-winning work on other fields of medicine, such as the immune system and nerve signaling, which are available on the official Nobel Prize website.[3,4] An effort, therefore, needs to be made in order to showcase the impact of endocrinology, whether basic, clinical, or applied, at this global forum. Endocrine researchers have bagged not only the Medicine, but also the Chemistry Prize, for their work related to this field [Tables ​[Tables11 and ​and2].2]. An in-depth analysis of the endocrine discoveries, for which the Nobel Prize was awarded, throws up interesting observations. Endocrinology is one branch which has continued to excel in innovations throughout the last century. Virtually no decade has gone by in which our colleagues have not won a Nobel Prize. This is in contrast to other subjects which have had patchy showings, or have faded out with time, such as infectious disease. Table 1 Physiology/medicine Nobel Prize winning endocrine discoveries related to endocrinology Table 2 Chemistry Nobel Prize winning discoveries related to endocrinology The nature of discoveries, however, has changed perceptibly over the last 100 years. Initial Nobel laureates worked to discover hormones (insulin, vitamin D), while later counterparts toiled to unravel mechanisms of action and metabolic pathways. These secular trends trace a path of development from the study of classic endocrinology in the first half of the 20th century to the emergence of metabolism in the mid-20th century. The mid-20th century also witnessed the growth of drug development and structural chemistry, in parallel with advances in endocrinology. This is reflected in the work of Nobel laureates of that time. The past few years have been marked by a greater understanding of what can be called as “modern” or “nontraditional” hormones and signaling systems. G proteins, nitric oxide, and dopamine, all Nobel Prize - winning entities, have become integral parts of endocrinology. Nobel Prizes have recently gone to innovations in what we may term “applied endocrinology,” e.g., in vitro fertilization. This augurs well for the growth of clinical endocrinology as a discipline. Women researchers have achieved a relatively stronger presence in endocrinology. Of the 10 women who have won the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology, 3 have worked in this field. They include GT Cori, R Yalow, and R Levi- Montalcini, in 1947, 1977, and 1986, respectively [Table 1]. Another woman researcher, DC Hodgkin won the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her work on X-ray crystallography, which helped discover the structure of various hormones, including insulin. The record for the youngest Nobel Laureate is held by an endocrinologist. F. Banting was 32 years old when he won the Prize in 1923.[1] The honor of being the oldest living Nobel laureate, and the only one who has crossed a century, goes to R Levi-Montalcini, who discovered nerve growth factor (NGF).[5] She attributes her longevity to the daily use of NGF. Endocrinology has been served well by its flag bearers at the Nobels. As our specialty grows, not only in India, but across the globe, we hope this trend of excellence continues.

Dedicated to evidence-based medicine and the evaluation of new therapeutic approaches in the field

Dedicated to evidence-based medicine and the evaluation of new therapeutic approaches in the field

Something old, something new…

In this issue of Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism (TAE), recent developments in the use of several older, well-established drugs are explored. In addition, a newly recognized disease and its treatment are discussed.

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism: new crossroads in innovation, research, and clinical practice

This is the inaugural issue of the journal Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism. The mission of the journal is to publish original and review articles related to the latest therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism innovation, research, and clinical practice. The journal will cover all areas of endocrinology and metabolism. The wide spectrum of disorders in this field includes some of the most common and serious public health challenges facing both the developed and developing world today. For example, according to recent worldwide estimates, 1.7 billion people are classified as either overweight or obese, and more than 500 million have either prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus [Hossain et al. 2007]. The associated human, financial, and societal costs currently incurred by people with these conditions are sobering. Many other endocrine and metabolic conditions are also very prevalent and include postmenopausal states, thyroid disorders, metabolic bone diseases, and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Changes in secular (e.g. effects of aging and globalization), disease (e.g. evolving diagnostic criteria), and consumer (e.g. ‘Healthy’ aging) trends will increasingly impact future endocrine and metabolic clinical practice [Ho, 2006]. Clearly the prevention and early treatment of many of the endocrine and metabolic conditions with effective lifestyle measures is the preferred option (e.g. obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia); however, when therapy is required we need effective and safe therapies that have been tested comprehensively. As therapeutic advances are being developed, new findings based on observation or evidence-based medicine may impact the use and application of these treatments. For example, several anti-obesity drugs were approved by the regulatory authorities in the UK for long-term use (i.e. orlistat, sibutramine, and rimonabant). However, as a result of new clinical information, both rimonabant (2008) and sibutramine (2010) have been withdrawn from the market due to safety considerations [Williams, 2010]. Like other specialties, endocrinology and metabolism has been revolutionized by advances in molecular biology (especially the ‘omics', e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics), clinical chemistry, imaging, and therapies. Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism includes developments in both the existing (i.e. drug, surgery, radiotherapy, and biotherapy) and investigational treatment modalities (e.g. gene therapy, nanotechnology and regenerative medicine). One of the future goals of endocrine and metabolic clinical care is to make chronic diseases, such as T1DM, curable [Ho, 2006]. As therapeutic advances are being developed, keeping up with these changes and having a clear understanding of the new trends in research and technology is essential for our practice. This journal will aim to provide a forum for the dissemination of this important information. For example, a series on Therapeutic perspectives will give pragmatic information on how to initiate or manage many existing and/or emerging treatments used in endocrine and metabolic conditions. In addition, a regular series on endocrine and metabolic medical emergencies will also offer a more practical and direct impact on patient care. A stellar international Editorial Board, composed of thought leaders in the field, has made a commitment to advance the mission of this journal. We are indebted to the Editorial Board members for their efforts and commitment. Publishing remains the single most-effective way of transferring important medical information. SAGE Publications, the international publisher of this journal, has been in existence for almost half a century, and they are a world leader in their chosen professional markets, currently with over 500 journal titles. We are fortunate that SAGE Publications have decided to diversify into the field of endocrinology and metabolism. We hope that you find this journal effective in bringing you timely information that will keep you abreast of the new developments in the field. Please do contact us with any suggestions that you may have as we launch this new exciting venture. On behalf of the Editorial Board and staff of the journal we thank you for your readership, and we are looking forward to serving your knowledge needs.

Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events in Temporal Relationship to Intravenous Glucocorticoid Pulse Therapy in Patients with Severe Endocrine Ophthalmopathy

ThyroidVol. 19, No. 12 Letters to the EditorCardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events in Temporal Relationship to Intravenous Glucocorticoid Pulse Therapy in Patients with Severe Endocrine OphthalmopathyMaria E. Lendorf, Åse Krogh Rasmussen, Hans C. Fledelius, and Ulla Feldt-RasmussenMaria E. LendorfDepartment of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.Search for more papers by this author, Åse Krogh RasmussenDepartment of Medical Endocrinology, National University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.Search for more papers by this author, Hans C. FledeliusDepartment of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.Search for more papers by this author, and Ulla Feldt-RasmussenDepartment of Medical Endocrinology, National University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:14 Dec 2009https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2009.0069AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail View article"Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events in Temporal Relationship to Intravenous Glucocorticoid Pulse Therapy in Patients with Severe Endocrine Ophthalmopathy." , 19(12), pp. 1431–1432FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byDrug safety in thyroid eye disease – a systematic review15 August 2022 | Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, Vol. 21, No. 7Safety of Intravenous Methylprednisolone in Refractory and Severe Pediatric Uveitis1 May 2022 | Clinical Ophthalmology, Vol. Volume 16Comparison of efficacy and safety of parenteral versus parenteral and oral glucocorticoid therapy in Graves’ orbitopathy2 August 2020 | International Journal of Clinical Practice, Vol. 74, No. 11Glucocorticoids in Graves’ orbitopathy: mechanisms of action and clinical application14 December 2020 | Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol. 11Acute bilateral cerebral infarction in the presence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder2 October 2020 | Medicine, Vol. 99, No. 40Life-threatening complications of high doses of intravenous methylprednisolone for treatment of Graves’ orbitopathy23 December 2019 | Thyroid Research, Vol. 12, No. 1Methotrexate as an Adjuvant in Severe Thyroid Eye Disease: Does It Really Work as a Steroid-Sparing Agent?Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Vol. 35, No. 4Endocrine orbitopathy: the present view of a clinical endocrinologistVnitřní lékařství, Vol. 63, No. 10Retracted : Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with active moderate‐to‐severe Graves’ orbitopathy7 September 2016 | Clinical Endocrinology, Vol. 86, No. 2Management of Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy17 December 2016THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Endocrine dilemma: management of Graves’ orbitopathyEuropean Journal of Endocrinology, Vol. 175, No. 3Prospectively recorded and MedDRA-coded safety data of intravenous methylprednisolone therapy in Graves’ orbitopathy10 January 2015 | Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, Vol. 38, No. 2Safety Profile and Effects of Pulsed Methylprednisolone on Vital Signs in Thyroid Eye DiseaseInternational Journal of Endocrinology, Vol. 2015Thyroid Eye Disease: A Comprehensive ReviewMeta-analysis of methylprednisolone pulse therapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy4 April 2014 | Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology, Vol. 42, No. 8A Prospective, Randomized Trial of Intravenous Glucocorticoids Therapy With Different Protocols for Patients With Graves' OphthalmopathyThe Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol. 99, No. 6Efficacy and Safety of Three Different Cumulative Doses of Intravenous Methylprednisolone for Moderate to Severe and Active Graves' OrbitopathyThe Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol. 97, No. 12Treatment of mild, moderate-to-severe and very severe Graves’ orbitopathyBest Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol. 26, No. 3Treatment options for Graves' orbitopathy9 March 2012 | Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, Vol. 13, No. 6Fatal and non-fatal adverse events of glucocorticoid therapy for Graves' orbitopathy: a questionnaire survey among members of the European Thyroid AssociationEuropean Journal of Endocrinology, Vol. 166, No. 2Corticotrophins, corticosteroids, and prostaglandins Volume 19Issue 12Dec 2009 InformationCopyright 2009, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.To cite this article:Maria E. Lendorf, Åse Krogh Rasmussen, Hans C. Fledelius, and Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen.Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events in Temporal Relationship to Intravenous Glucocorticoid Pulse Therapy in Patients with Severe Endocrine Ophthalmopathy.Thyroid.Dec 2009.1431-1432.http://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2009.0069Published in Volume: 19 Issue 12: December 14, 2009Online Ahead of Print:November 7, 2009PDF download

Advances in endocrinology

To those who do not know me I should begin with a brief but relevant biography to establish my frame of reference for this topic. My personal experience in clinical endocrinology spans a period of 32 years commencing with registrar training on the St George's Hospital rotation in 1975. Prior to this

Endocrinology

Recent advances in endocrinology include the development of potential new treatments as well as more convenient preparations of existing therapies. In this article we discuss the recent advances in endocrinology which will be of interest to general physicians as well as specialists. Recent advances in endocrinology include the development of potential new treatments as well as more convenient preparations of existing therapies. In this article we discuss the recent advances in endocrinology which will be of interest to general physicians as well as specialists.

Advances in endocrinology of aging research, 2005–2006

The purpose of this brief review is to highlight some of the more important advances in endocrinology of aging research over the past year. Four advances were chosen and briefly described. First, exploration of the early steps in the generation of the internal steroidal hormonal signal involved in lifespan extension via the insulin/IGF-like signaling pathway in the nematode by two research groups revealed that the product of cholestanoic acid derivatives metabolized by a cytochrome P-450-like protein activates a protein with homology to the mammalian nuclear receptor superfamily, a process strikingly similar to the steroid hormone signaling pathway documented in mammalian systems. Second is the discovery that sirtuins, proteins that regulate lifespan in model organisms, enhance pancreatic insulin secretion in mice following a glucose challenge, suggesting the potential to regulate mammalian lifespan through regulation of the insulin signaling pathway. Third, the newly discovered hormone klotho, which also plays a role in regulating lifespan, in this case in mice, is reported to not only negatively affect insulin sensitivity but, perhaps more importantly, significantly affects calcium and phosphate metabolism as a required cofactor of Fgf-23 signaling. Finally the gonadotropin FSH is shown to directly affect bone density in mice separate from any direct effect of estrogen, suggesting that reproductive hormones other than estrogen can directly impact menopause-associated pathophysiology in non-reproductive tissues.