Advanced Production Technologies Research Articles

The Present Situation of Lightweight Technology and Its Application and Thinking in Agricultural Equipment

The implementation of lightweight technology is of great significance to save energy, reduce pollution and achieve sustainable development. Lightweight technology mainly includes the use of lightweight materials, such as high strength steel, magnesium alloy, aluminum alloy, engineering plastics, composite materials), advanced production technology, such as laser tailor-welded plate technology, hydraulic forming technology, high strength steel red-hot forming technology), structural optimization, such as optimizing structure design, the optimal topology design, shape optimization) in three aspects. This paper summarizes the application of lightweight technology in order to provide reference for the future development of lightweight technology of agricultural machinery in China.

QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF TOMATO GENOTYPES UNDER PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT

Tomatoes are an important part of a healthy human diet. The productivity and quality of the produce are being measured by using advanced production technologies. Protected cultivation is an advanced agrotechnology that is utilized all over the world to generate high quality output. Indeterminate tomato is a growing crop though, still, in Punjab, no systemic work has been done for the evaluation of quality attributes of indeterminate tomato genotypes under the protected environment. Inherent diversity is a chief concern for the improvement of quality attributes in tomato. Considering the importance of tomatoes, there is an urgent need to screen out genotypes of indeterminate tomato for a best quality production and for higher nutritive value. The investigation was carried out at the Department of Vegetable Science of Agriculture, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, India and the experiment were conducted under modified naturally ventilated polyhouse following Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications, consisting twelve genotypes including standard check during spring-summer season, 2020-2021. The data exhibited significant variation in twelve genotypes for different characters. Based on mean performance, the result let out that Punjab Gaurav and JC-165 was superior for all the quality attributes. Whereas, pericarp thickness and fruit shape index were maximum in KCA-2 while Punjab Sartaj was sophisticated for TSS, lycopene and ascorbic acid although greater titrable acidity was recorded in Arka Vikas. Significantly, the result was higher due to the favorable conditions provided in a protected environment during the growing period with the interaction of genes of genotype.

Investigation of university students' attitudes toward web-based distance education in terms of theoretical and applied courses during the COVID-19 pandemic period

University students had to switch from face-to-face education to web-based distance education (WBDE) owing to new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. While theoretical courses can be provided properly with WBDE, it has been thought that applied courses cannot be sustained effectively by the same way. University students’ attitudes toward WBDE regarding theoretical and applied courses taught in physiotherapy and rehabilitation department has not been investigated yet, which was therefore aimed in current study. This cross-sectional study included university students (n=180, 20.14±1.57 years) who still maintain actively WBDE at Izmir Democracy University, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department. “Scale for Evaluating Students’ Attitudes/Opinions/Thoughts Regarding Applied and Theoretical Courses in Distance Education” was generated by the researchers and performed through online platform. Scale comprised 26 items. Each item is scored as from 5 (completely agree) to 1 (strongly disagree). Proper factor analyses were performed and repeated until the items were found to be significant. Factor loads of final 16-item ranged from 0.27 to 0.84. All fit indices (χ2/SD=1.42) were within acceptable limits. One-dimensional structure of scale was confirmed with 16 items. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient was found to be 0.916, and total correlations of the items varied between 0.422 and 0.772. This scale was found to be highly reliable. Internal consistency between items was high. Maximum score obtained from scale is 80. Total score of students (39.91±10.97) showed that attitudes/opinions/ideas regarding theoretical and applied courses through WBDE were negative. These negative attitudes of students were same according to gender (p>0.05). Attitudes of university students studying at physiotherapy and rehabilitation department through WBDE regarding theoretical and applied courses were negative regardless of gender. This valid and reliable scale should be used to identify need of university students studying at applied sciences about WBDE. Advanced technology products should be urgently synchronized to WBDE.

A feasibility analysis of a 3D customized upper limb orthosis

Additive Manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is considered one of the most advanced and innovative production technologies. Given the possibility to realize tailor-made and complex geometries compared to conventional processes, the medical industry demonstrated a considerable interest towards these topics. In particular, leveraging on AM technologies, orthopedy is the field able to achieve greater benefits, prototyping components characterized by improved design and comfort of use. As a result, to display the benefits of the AM technologies deployment in clinical practice, the present work was developed, proposing an alternative procedure to manufacture customized upper limb orthosis via 3D printing. The suggested methodology involved a fast and accurate 3D scanning of the hand-wrist-arm district to obtain the surface anatomy of the patient. A Graphical User Interface (GUI), integrating a series of semi-automatic commands to model the medical device starting from the 3D shape point cloud, was built. The limb orthosis obtained using the proposed system was manufactured by means of biocompatible filaments (ABS) and a Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) printer. Furthermore, a time-cost assessment was carried out tailored to the developed medical application. Results demonstrated that the AM techniques might provide a valid technical and cost-effective alternative to the traditional fabrication methods.

Инновационные точки роста обрабатывающей промышленности региона

The withdrawal of foreign companies from the Russian market has led to the emergence of market niches that can be occupied by domestic manufacturers. Russia’s involvement in global value chains has led to a serious dependence on products from abroad and, as a result, to the degradation of a number of technological industries. With the strengthening of Western sanctions, the prompt replacement of goods that have ceased to be supplied to the country is a priority task for the executive authorities. The policy of import substitution, the implementation of which began in 2014, has been more successful in ensuring the national food security of the country, while high-tech industries are still critically dependent on imported equipment and technologies. Therefore, the identification of points of innovative growth in the regions allows us to identify manufacturing industries whose support will lead to leveling the negative consequences of the shortage of certain products in the domestic market. Until 2022, imports of technologically complex goods from the EU, the USA, and other countries included in the list of “unfriendly” occupied a significant share in the foreign trade of most regions. The regions of the Northwestern Federal District are industrially developed, and the problem of obsolescence of fixed assets was solved mainly through cooperation with foreign companies. Thus, the identification of promising industries capable of producing analogues of these goods is an urgent task for research. The aim of the study is to identify innovative points of growth of the manufacturing industry in the economy of the regions of the Northwestern Federal District of Russia. The article analyzes the structure of the economy of the regions in the District, their industry specialization, including the production of innovative products. The main methods of solving problems in the work are the use of the specialization coefficient for the average number of employees, the coefficient of specialization in the production of innovative products, and the coefficient of use of advanced production technologies. After comparing the indicators of specialization by the number of employees and the production of innovative products, the industries, whose activation can become a driver of the region’s economic growth in the near future, are identified. The region’s specialization in the production of innovative products determines the long-term prospects for its development for stable socio-economic development. In this regard, recommendations are developed for executive authorities to support certain types of economic activity, to activate the transition to the production of products with higher added value and to simplify the procedures for commercialization of the developed technologies. The results of the study are useful for the executive authorities of the region and scientists researching regional development problems.

Техническая интеллигенция как субъект внедрения передовых производственных технологий

Техническая интеллигенция как субъект внедрения передовых производственных технологий

Multi-criteria Decision Making Model for Industrial Arc Welding Robot

Industrial robots have made it possible for manufacturers to make elevated low-cost products, which are thus major elements of advanced production technologies. Welding, cleaning, assembling, dismantling, slotting for computer chips, labeling requirements, stacking pallets, quality inspection, and monitoring are just a few of the applications for robotic systems. All the features are completed with a high level of endurance, speed, and accuracy. Multiple and competing criteria must be assessed simultaneously in a comprehensive selection analysis to identify the effectiveness of robots. To provide an automated machine for such arc machining operation, simple multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique based on the COPRAS method is described in this work. The COPRAS method calculates significance weights using objective preferences and ranks the options. The COPRAS technique was used to determine the ranking order. The findings revealed that MCDM techniques for robot selection are extremely useful. The study's peculiarity is that it uses COPRAS MCDM approaches to select industrial arc welding robots.

Впровадження технологій передового цифрового виробництва в рамках концепції сталого розвитку: проблеми та перспективи

The article highlights global trends in development of digital advanced production technologies within the framework of sustainable development concept in digitalization of the economy. The state of these processes in Ukraine was analyzed with emphasis on the challenges and advantages that digitization brings to domestic industrial enterprises, and proposals were projected to ensure their effectiveness. It has been proven that digitalization involves a digital technological transformation of industrial production, which opens access for different levels of management to the entire array of operational production information in real time, so as various digital algorithms and solutions make it possible to provide continuous feedback. It is noted that the socialization of technological development makes the company's personnel faced with serious challenges and has a significant impact on their consciousness and behavior, which requires the formation of the latest competencies.

2-tuple linguistic $ q $-rung orthopair fuzzy CODAS approach and its application in arc welding robot selection

<abstract><p>Industrial robots enable manufacturers to produce high-quality products at low cost, so they are a key component of advanced production technology. Welding, assembly, disassembly, painting of printed circuit boards, pick-and-place mass production of consumer products, laboratory research, surgery, product inspection and testing are just some of the applications of industrial robots. All functions are done with a high level of endurance, speed and accuracy. Many competing attributes must be evaluated simultaneously in a comprehensive selection method to determine the performance of industrial robots. In this research article, we introduce the 2TL$ q $-ROFS as a new advancement in fuzzy set theory to communicate complexities in data and presents a decision algorithm for selecting an arc welding robot utilizing the 2-tuple linguistic $ q $-rung orthopair fuzzy (2TL$ q $-ROF) set, which can dynamically delineate the space of ambiguous information. We propose the $ q $-ROF Hamy mean ($ q $-ROFHM) and the $ q $-ROF weighted Hamy mean ($ q $-ROFWHM) operators by combining the $ q $-ROFS with Hamy mean operator. We investigate the properties of some of the proposed operators. Then based on the proposed maximization bias, a new optimization model is built, which is able to exploit the DM preference to find the best objective weights among attributes. Next, we extend the COmbinative Distance-Based ASsessment (CODAS) method to 2TL$ q $-ROF-CODAS version which not only covers the uncertainty of human cognition but also gives DMs a larger space to represent their decisions. To validate our strategy, we present a case study of arc welding robot selection. Finally, the effectiveness and accuracy of the method are proved by parameter analysis and comparative analysis results. The results show that our method effectively addresses the evaluation and selection of arc welding robots and captures the relationship between an arbitrary number of attributes.</p></abstract>

Productivity and Export Performance of Emerging Asian Economies

This study estimates the effect of productivity on export performance of selected sectors and countries. Specifically, this study analyzes both theoretically and empirically, the nexus between productivity and export performance of selected emerging Asian economies including China, India, Indonesia, South Korea, and Japan. Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is used as a proxy for productivity and measured using two different techniques, growth accounting framework and data envelopment analysis. The study uses Auto Regressive Distributed Lag technique to estimate the effect of productivity on export performance of agricultural and manufacturing sectors of emerging Asian economies over the period of 1990 to 2016. Results show that TFP significantly and positively affect the agricultural and manufacturing sectors’ export performance of selected emerging Asian economies both in long and short run. Hence, policies and economic strategies promoting adoption of advanced production technologies will increase exports of the emerging Asian economies in the long run.

Innovations in agro-industrial production as a driver of increasing the resilience of national food systems

The destabilization of the world food market, as well as the frequent interruptions in the supply of agricultural raw materials and food products due to the global coronavirus pandemic, have catalyzed the growing interest of the overwhelming majority of countries in the world to ensure the highest possible level of national food security. The research is devoted to the study of the agri-food systems of Saudi Arabia, Japan and Singapore, as countries with the most progressive experience in the field of agricultural production. The author identified the production of crop products through hydroponics, meat substitutes based on vegetable proteins, laboratory-grown cultured meat, as well as alternative proteins for the fodder base of animal husbandry, poultry farming and aquaculture as the most promising scientific and technical innovations in the field of agro-industrial complex. The results of the study showed the need to adapt advanced food production technologies to the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation.

Методика распределения затрат на внедрение новых и модернизацию действующих технологий на производственную себестоимость продукции в условиях устойчивого развития промышленного предприятия

One of the important tools for incorporating the paradigm of sustainable development into the complex fabric of economic activity of an enterprise in the real sector of the economy is the permanent process of introducing new and updating existing production technologies. Managing this difficult process requires fundamental changes in the traditional approach to structuring the information and tool space of the accounting and calculation process of forming the production cost of products. The solution of this difficult task involves the decomposition of the pool of indirect costs in order to allocate from its composition the costs of introducing new and upgrading used technologies and then assigning them to the production cost. It should be noted that these costs are distributed in proportion to the quantitative characteristics of material cost savings. The choice of this indicator as a distribution base is justified by the fact that it is one of the key components of the economic benefits coming to the enterprise. In the course of the study, various methods were used comprehensively, including: observation, systematization, formalization, modeling and visualization, decomposition and aggregation of data. The results obtained in the course of the study will improve the quality of the information and instrumental space for making managerial decisions aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of economic entities in the real sector of the economy by updating existing and introducing new, advanced production technologies.

The problem of selecting digital development priorities for the region and ways of its solution

The article discusses the problems of choosing digital development paths for the region, using the Nizhny Novgorod region as an example. Based on the hierarchy analysis method, regional policy priorities for deepening digitalisation processes have been determined. Alternative directions for the region’s digital development have been proposed in terms of priorities for improving information and communication infrastructure, enhancing human resources capacity, creating new digital technologies and investments in digitalisation. The necessity of integration of federal and municipal information systems and development of advanced production technologies related to information and communication technologies necessary to ensure the competitiveness and economic security of enterprises in the Nizhny Novgorod region has been substantiated.

Applying Sustainable Development to Economic Challenges of Small and Medium Enterprises after Implementation of Targeted Subsidies in Iran

Although small and medium enterprises are important in the production and employment, these firms have structural limitation in terms of human and material resources. These limitations are highlighted after implementation of targeted subsidies in Iran, release prices of energy carriers, and simultaneity of political and economic situation. The main challenge in the current path of sustainable development is addressed to all sectors of society such as engineering and production. Manufactured products must consider the impact of three aspects of sustainability over their life cycle. The three aspects of sustainability as an integral part of sustainability issues are economic, environmental, and social factors. Therefore, in this study, for achieve sustainable economic development in Iran, consider only economic aspect. Because, it will greatly benefit from the transfer of advanced production technologies in industry through international agreements such as the clean development mechanism (CDM). However, the highly competitive environment is critical because of more cost-effective projects, which is why Iran needs to strike a balance between sustainable development and profitability for projects. In this study, identifying and ranking of major challenges of leading small and medium industries have been studied. It also uses the failures mode and effect analysis (FMEA) technique and survey experts and managers of small and medium industries in the province recognized and decision model using several branches. VIKOR was ranked as the most important challenge. The results show that exchange rate volatility has been the highest priority, so the first challenge has been identified. Similarly, the political boycott and the rise in the cost of production and cost of product manufacturing enterprises were identified as the next challenges.

Technological priorities for the development of Russia’s industrial sector in the context of deep digital penetration

Industry 4.0 dictates certain requirements for the modernisation of processes and production facilities. This is especially true for industry, which has a relatively high share of the country’s gross domestic product The outline of the future strategic development of the industry sector in an environment of external change is therefore of particular relevance. The purpose of the study is to forecast technology priorities and possible stages of development of advanced manufacturing technologies in Russia. The main research method is foresight methodology, based on long-term integrated assessment models of global production and technology market development in scenario form. This method has allowed to identify the most functional information resources needed for this study. The article presents a methodology for systemic anticipation of long-term technological change to update the strategic vector of industrial development, which is consistent with the context and content of the country’s industrial policy. The study resulted in a comprehensive forecast of possible stages in the development of advanced production technologies and the anticipation of the priority of technological changes to modernise the industrial complex in the context of deep digital penetration, based on the concept of a new industrial society.

Boosting Alkaline Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Kinetic Process of Tungsten Disulfide-Based Heterostructures by Multi-Site Engineering.

Alkaline water electrolysis is an advanced technology for scalable H2 production using surplus electricity from intermittent energy sources, but it remains challenging for non-noble electrocatalysts to split water into hydrogen and oxygen efficiently, especially for tungsten disulfide (WS2 )-based catalysts. Density functional theory calculations in combination with experimental study are used to establish a multi-site engineering strategy for developing robust WS2 -based hybrid electrocatalyst on mesoporous bimetallic nitride (Ni3 FeN) nanoarrays for bifunctional water splitting. This ingenious design endows the catalyst with numerous edge sites chemically bonded with the conductive scaffold, which are favorable for water dissociation and hydrogen adsorption. Benefiting from the synergistic advantages, the N-WS2 /Ni3 FeN hybrid exhibits exceptional bifunctional properties for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) in base with excellent large-current durability, requiring 84 mV to afford 10mAcm-2 for HER, and 240mV at 100mAcm-2 for OER, respectively. Assembling the catalytic materials as both the anode and cathode to construct an electrolyzer, it is actualized very good activities for overall water splitting with only 1.5 V to deliver 10 mAcm-2 , outperforming the IrO2 (+) //Pt(-) coupled electrodes and many non-noble bifunctional electrocatalysts thus far. This work provides a promising avenue for designing WS2 -based heterogeneous electrocatalysts for water electrolysis.

PREFACE

10th anniversary International Conference «Beam Technologies and Laser Applications» (BTLA - 2021) was held successfully in Saint-Petersburg, Russia, during September 20-22, 2021. Traditionally, the conference is held once every three years. This is one of the leading international conferences for presenting novel and fundamental advances in the fields of beam technologies. The conference program is extensive and reflects the main global trends in the development of laser, electron beam and related technologies: from fundamental research and applied developments to the implementation of advanced production technologies in industry and digitalization of production processes.Unfortunately, due to the pandemic, our foreign colleagues, who have traditionally participated in the conference for many years, could not personally attend the conference. However, the conference participants had the opportunity to hear their reports using remote technologies.But this year the geography of Russian participants is vast, representatives of more than 40 organizations made reports. Within the framework of the conference, a plenary session, thematic sections and master classes were held. Over three days of the conference, more than 100 reports were made.List of International Organizing Committee, International Program Committee are available in this pdf.

Mediating Role of Absorptive Capacity on the Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Local Firm’s Performance

There is little documentation on the role of absorptive capacity on the relationship between FDI and performance of firms. This paper investigates the mediating role of absorptive capacity on the relationship between FDI and performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. The population of study comprised 100 companies registered with Kenya Association of Manufacturers that had over 10 percent foreign ownership as at the time of data collection in 2019. The respondents were the CEOs of organization or their designated officers. The study used a structured questionnaire to collect primary data. The respondent were required to indicate how the introduction of FDI impacted on organizations capital flow, advanced production technology, marketing expertise and management knowhow. They were also to indicate the extent their Organisation had invested in absorptive capacity and the effect absorptive capacity had on the relationship between FDI and local firm performance. Descriptive and inferential statistics were both used to analyze the data. The results revealed that absorptive capacity has statistically significant mediating effect on the relationship between FDI and firm performance. This imply that an incremental change in the absorptive capacity would generate growth in company’s performance. As such Kenyan and other sub-Sahara African countries government need to come up with polices geared to supporting improvement of firms absorptive capacities so as to spur the growth of their key sectors of the economy.

Advanced technologies for electricity production in the sugarcane value chain are a strategic option in a carbon reward policy context

Sustainable bioenergy production is required to meet the growing demand and environmental concerns. This study addresses current and advanced options for biomass-based electricity generation integrated to a sugarcane ethanol distillery in Brazil and polices that would foster its deployment. The typical combustion and steam cycle system and the integrated gasification combined cycle are the options considered for lignocellulosic biomass conversion into heat and power, associated with carbon capture and storage technologies. Besides conventional sugarcane, eucalyptus and energy-cane are also examined as promising feedstocks to extend operational days and/or increase biomass yields. The considered biomass-based electricity options are able to mitigate climate change impacts and depletion fossil resources. However, decreasing costs is a challenge to overcome for its broader implementation. The assessed strategies may help to guide policymakers on how to feasibly deploy advanced technologies for electricity production from biomass, meeting the future demands for sustainable electricity. The choice of larger processing scales shows an important effect on reducing costs, as well as choosing energy-cane as feedstock, which is also favorable for reducing climate change and land use impacts. Likewise, government policies that reward climate mitigation, as RenovaBio in Brazil, have a prominent role to foster advanced biomass-based electricity production technologies.

TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEVELOPING NEW TYPES OF PRODUCTS

The article analyzes domestic and foreign approaches to determining the essence of «new production», «advanced production», «breakthrough production» technologies, analyzes the development and structure of advanced production technologies in Russia and in the Vladimir region for the period 2000– 2015. The question is raised about innovative production technologies representing a set of development and production processes at the current technological level with varying degrees of complexity of goods individualized for a specific consumer. It is concluded that they should include advanced marketing technologies. The philosophy of Agile methods is revealed, as well as criteria for its similarities and differences with the author's methodology for developing new products, which allows accurately transferring customer requirements into technical solutions of the product. The methodology is based on a structural approach to combining the customer's presentation with the development of a new product called the Quality House, or QFD (Quality function deployment). This approach will make it possible to make informed decisions in the production quality management system. At the same time, it will be possible to avoid numerous market failures and adapt the innovation to the needs of consumers after its appearance on the market, as well as at the same time guarantee a relatively low cost and high value of the product by minimizing out-of-production costs.