Advanced Mobile Services Research Articles

Design and Optimization of Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) for Wireless Applications

For 5G communication networks, including Long-Term Evolution Advanced mobile communication services, PIFA antenna is proposed. The proposed antenna structure is consisting of substrate, ground plane, shorting plate and feeding post connected to the ground plane. This antenna has been design based on a FR-4has relative permittivity of 4.3 it has a volume of (120601.5) mm3. The experimental results of the Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) that have been measured at the range from (3-4 ) GHz of frequency experimentally using the Site Master (Anritsu S362E), it has been demonstrated that the return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, and impedance are −41.15dB, 510 MHz, 1.04and 48.414Ω respectively at resonant frequency 3.5GHz. The theoretical and practical values are so close to each other which justifies the antenna's excellent fit

A Study on Mobile Networks and Their Generations

The main purpose of this paper is to provide detailed and comprehensive research on the emergence of various cell phone manufacturing technologies in wireless communication. In this paper we focus on studying mobile generations from 1G to 5G and future mobile phones. The first generation has fulfilled the basic needs of the voice, and the second generation has delivered a high volume and a large amount of integration. The third generation included high-speed data transfer which gave its users a ‘mobile broadband experience’. The fourth generation will provide access to a variety of telecommunications services, including advanced mobile services, supported by mobile networks and fixed networks. We have compared all the mobile phones that have been created so far based on their technology.

Investigations on Three-Pole Microstrip Low-Pass Filters Incorporated with DGS and Fractals for Selectivity Improvement

In this paper, an investigation on compact microstrip low-pass filters (MLPFs) with extremely perfect low-pass characteristics and improved out-band suppression has been carried out for the improvement of the selectivity parameter ([Formula: see text]). For this purpose, two different defected ground structures (DGSs) based on Moore fractals and Meander line have been designed and experimentally validated. The proposed third-order low-pass filter (LPF) configurations are designed and simulated using the High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). To validate the simulation models, the prototypes of the suggested low-pass filters are fabricated using Teflon (TM) substrate having a relative permittivity of 2.65 and a loss tangent of 0.001, and measured using the Vector Network Analyzer. The simulation and measurement results are in good agreement. The proposed filters occupy a compact size of [Formula: see text]. The selectivity parameter values for the proposed Moore fractals- and Meander line-modeled DGS-based LPFs are 425[Formula: see text]dB/GHz and 850[Formula: see text]dB/GHz, respectively. The proposed microstrip low-pass filters offer a significant improvement in the selectivity parameter, offering a maximum value of 850[Formula: see text]dB/GHz. The proposed filters exhibit a very high figure of merit (FOM), reporting 71,335 for Moore fractals-based LPF and 118,354 for the Meander line-based LPF. These proposed filters are suitable for advanced mobile phone services, [Formula: see text]-band radar, Global Positioning System, mobile, paging services, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and wireless LAN.

Evaluating the impact of delay constraints in network services for intelligent network slicing based on SKM model

Solving the problem of network resource allocation with delay constraint is a significant challenge for realizing future Internet and 5G networks services such as advanced mobile broadband services and Internet of things (IoT), especially under the network slicing scenario. The impact of delay constraints may lead to rejection of demands, resulting in low resource utilization of network resources. This is especially severe when dynamic traffic is considered. Therefore, intelligent resource allocation algorithms are required to use the network resources in delay constrained scenario efficiently. Moreover, these algorithms should guarantee quality of service (QoS) between different priority slices during congestion case. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze the impact of delay constraint on the performance of an online resource allocation algorithm based on an intelligent efficient squatting and kicking model (SKM), proved in other works to be the most effective up to the present time yet. SKM incorporates kicking and squatting of resources as innovative techniques enabling it to achieve 100% resource utilization and acceptance ratio for higher priority slices in scenarios where the other state of art algorithms not able to reach by far in some scenarios. Simulation results showed that incorporating delay constraints has a significant impact on the performance, resulting in up to 10% and 4% reduction in terms of average resource utilization and acceptance ratios respectively.

A conceptualisation of privacy risk and its influence on the disclosure of check-in services information

Check-in services (CISs) are a highly relevant part of location-based services that provide customer value greater than other mobile services due to their technical possibilities; conversely, CISs also create various risks to privacy, as they enable the continuous live tracking of users. We investigate these risks and develop a third-order privacy risk construct based on communication privacy management (CPM) theory to explain how a set of concerns violates privacy boundary mechanisms and generates perceived privacy risk. A developmental mixed-method design is used to qualitatively derive the construct qualitatively through 20 interviews and evaluate it quantitatively using a privacy calculus model with structural equation modelling (N = 431). The results confirm the third-order privacy risk construct and reveal new underlying concerns that create this risk. The results of this study are useful for both practitioners and academics, as they provide insights into how context-specific privacy concerns emerge in advanced mobile services, such as CISs.

User Preference Aware Resource Management for Wireless Communication Networks

With the development of next-generation communication technologies and smart handheld devices, mobile services have multiplied the global network traffic. Due to the subjectivity of user expectations and the instability of wireless environments, the Quality of Experience (QoE) of the mobile service is not always satisfactory. Recently, many optimization schemes have been proposed to evaluate and improve the QoE, but it is still challenging to deliver advanced mobile services without addressing individual preferences and system integrity. To deal with these challenges, this article considers user preferences in wireless communication resource management, including the preference-aware optimization for user side adaptive streaming, coordinated bandwidth allocation, and network side caching content selection. Moreover, the continuous QoE evaluation models are investigated to act as the performance indicator of the optimization system. These proposals can provide a new perspective for future research on preference-aware resource management and can make the optimization system get smarter with what users really want.

Miniaturized PIFA for 5G Communication Networks

This paper designed a miniaturized Planar Inverted-F Antenna for 5G communication networks, including Long-Term Evolution Advanced mobile communication services. By showing the radiation pattern, voltage standing wave ratio, and antenna gain of the designed Planar Inverted-F Antenna, this paper evaluates its performance. To show the key characteristics of the Planar Inverted-F Antenna, this paper modeled and simulated it with various variances. Moreover, the real Planar Inverted-F Antenna was fabricated and measurements were done to validate the simulated characteristics of the internal antenna.

Offline and online power aware resource allocation algorithms with migration and delay constraints

In order to handle advanced mobile broadband services and Internet of Things (IoT), future Internet and 5G networks are expected to leverage the use of network virtualization, be much faster, have greater capacities, provide lower latencies, and significantly be power efficient than current mobile technologies. Therefore, this paper proposes three power aware algorithms for offline, online, and migration applications, solving the resource allocation problem within the frameworks of network function virtualization (NFV) environments in fractions of a second. The proposed algorithms target minimizing the total costs and power consumptions in the physical network through sufficiently allocating the least physical resources to host the demands of the virtual network services, and put into saving mode all other not utilized physical components. Simulations and evaluations of the offline algorithm compared to the state-of-art resulted on lower total costs by 32%. In addition to that, the online algorithm was tested through four different experiments, and the results argued that the overall power consumption of the physical network was highly dependent on the demands’ lifetimes, and the strictness of the required end-to-end delay. Regarding migrations during online, the results concluded that the proposed algorithms would be most effective when applied for maintenance and emergency conditions.

On Optimal Infrastructure Sharing Strategies in Mobile Radio Networks

The rapid evolution of mobile radio network technologies poses severe technical and economical challenges to mobile network operators (MNOs); on the economical side, the continuous roll-out of technology updates is highly expensive, which may lead to the extreme, where offering advanced mobile services becomes no longer affordable for MNOs which thus, are not incentivized to innovate. Mobile infrastructure sharing among MNOs becomes then an important building block to lower the required per-MNO investment cost involved in the technology roll-out and management phases. We focus on a radio access network (RAN) sharing situation where multiple MNOs with a consolidated network infrastructure coexist in a given set of geographical areas; the MNOs have then to decide if it is profitable to upgrade their RAN technology by deploying additional small-cell base stations and whether to share the investment (and the deployed infrastructure) of the new small-cells with other operators. We address such strategic problems by giving a mathematical framework for the RAN infrastructure sharing problem which returns the “best” infrastructure sharing strategies for operators (coalitions and network configuration) when varying techno-economic parameters such as the achievable throughput in different sharing configurations and the pricing models for the service offered to the users. The proposed formulation is then leveraged to analyze the impact of the aforementioned parameters/input in a realistic mobile network environment based on LTE technology.

Why Consumers Use Mobile Commerce?

Development of information and communication technology is changing commerce environment and consumer purchasing behavior has also been changed. Globalization is becoming increasingly prevalent in the world today and many factors such as culture, politics, and economics may influence the applicability of management theories. Concurrently, corporate managers are faced with the challenge of offering usable and useful applications to the local users. Besides, many scholars strongly support that the criteria for M-Commerce adoption in developing countries are different from that of developed countries, due to cultural, security, social, political, economic, and technological aspects. This research tried to investigate the differences on the adoption of mobile commerce between developed and developing countries. In this study, the motivation for studying advanced mobile phone services adoption in the South Korea and Viet Nam is presented. Second, M-Commerce adoption model is introduced as a starting point for the research model. We then integrate price, personal innovativeness, quality dimension and perceived of playfulness into our model. Next, we describe our method and report the results of our analysis. The paper concludes with a discussion of the results from both the South Korea and Viet Nam with implications.

Evolution of Modern Communication Systems

Modern communications technology revolutionized the way, mobility and efficiency of electronic communications. Starting from with Alexander Graham Bells’ telephone experiments to widely practiced W-CDMA network and the nearly achieved 4G mode of communications, all had and will have great contributions in today’s voice/data network arena. Wireless technology has achieved evolutionary success aiming at unified target: efficiency, performance and feasibility in high mobile environment. The mobile experience is expanding everywhere fulfilling the basic electronic communication needs. The first generation (1G) was analog. 1G established seamless mobile connectivity used for basic mobile voice until being replaced by the second generation (2G) digital telecommunications technologies which increased voice capacity delivering mobile to the masses with network infrastructure supporting text messaging. The success of digital voice and simple data prompted to the development of cellular wireless communication system with improved data connectivity and more accessible features leads to followed by the third generation (3G). Third generation system having mobile optimization for data enabling mobile broadband services with better and higher speed of data transfer and connectivity. The fourth generation (4G) having more capacity for faster and better wireless mobile broadband experiences with accessing capability to wide range of communication services, including advanced mobile services, and enhancement in the quality of services with increase in the bandwidth. In this paper we address the evolution of wireless modern mobile communication systems, from first generation (1G) to the widely practiced third generation (3G), recently introduced fourth generation (4G) and some glimpse of foreseeable future of fifth generation (5G).

Formal Security-Proved Mobile Anonymous Authentication Protocols with Credit-Based Chargeability and Controllable Privacy

Smart mobile phones are widely popularized and advanced mobile communication services are provided increasingly often, such that ubiquitous computing environments will soon be a reality. However, there are many security threats to mobile networks and their impact on security is more serious than that in wireline networks owing to the features of wireless transmissions and the ubiquity property. The secret information which mobile users carry may be stolen by malicious entities. To guarantee the quality of advanced services, security and privacy would be important issues when users roam within various mobile networks. In this manuscript, an anonymous authentication scheme will be proposed to protect the security of the network system and the privacy of users. Not only does the proposed scheme provide mutual authentication between each user and the system, but also each user’s identity is kept secret against anyone else, including the system. Although the system anonymously authenticates the users, it can still generate correct bills to charge these anonymous users via a credit-based solution instead of debit-based ones. Furthermore, our protocols also achieve fair privacy which allows the judge to revoke the anonymity and trace the illegal users when they have misused the anonymity property, for example, if they have committed crimes. Finally, in this paper, we also carry out complete theoretical proofs on each claimed security property.

An innovative software-defined WiNeMO architecture for advanced QoS-guaranteed mobile service transport

The spread of wireless networks and the growing proliferation of mobile devices require the development of new mobility control mechanisms to support the different demands of traffic in different network conditions. A major obstacle to developing this kind of technology refers to the complexity involved in handling all the information about the large number of Moving Objects (MOs), as well as the total signaling overhead required to manage these procedures in the network. Several initiatives proposed by the scientific community to address this issue reveal weakness, particularly by relying on the MO for the responsibility in triggering the mobility process. Moreover, they are often only guided by wireless medium statistics, such as the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) of the candidate Point of Attachment (PoA). Thus, this work seeks to develop, evaluate and validate a high-level communication infrastructure for Wireless Networking for Moving Objects (WiNeMO) systems by making use of the flexibility provided by the Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm, where network functions are easily and efficiently deployed by integrating OpenFlow and IEEE 802.21 standards. The Software-Defined WiNeMO (SDWiNeMO) holistic framework is largely aimed at enabling the network infrastructure to provision service transport while guaranteeing Quality of Service (QoS) for multiple mobile applications, as well as providing seamless mobility for MOs always seeking the best connectivity to maintain good Quality of Experience (QoE) over time. Moreover, SDWiNeMO deploys a new mobility-based load balancing technique to increase MO admissions for situations involving PoA resource saturation. The feasibility and effectiveness of our proposal is assessed by prototyping and evaluating the SDWiNeMO architecture in a baseline emulated testbed comprising realistic networking conditions. For purposes of benchmarking, the analysis was conducted in the control and data plane aspects, which demonstrate that the SDWiNeMO proposal significantly outperforms typical QoS-capable Internet Protocol (IP)-based SDN configurations by allowing the network to handle the multimedia traffic with optimal QoS-guaranteed transport and acceptable QoE over time.

Implementation of a hardware security chip for mobile devices

The purpose of this study is to suggest a solution to recently emerging security threats to mobile devices and enable users to use mobile services in a secure manner. To that end, this paper presents the design and implementation method for a hardware security chip required for providing advanced mobile security services. The proposed method could be the fastest and most efficient approach among various approaches. This study implements a Mobile Trusted Module (MTM) chip as a hardware security chip and confirms its commercial potential through interface testing with a smartphone. The implemented MTM chip is based on a smart card IC, and it includes an interface conversion chip that supports the I/O interface with a mobile device. The chip size is 5mm x 5mm, and the chip does not consume more than 10 mA of current. In addition, it provides additional security functions, including the required functions for an MTM chip. Therefore, with the proposed hardware security chip, it is possible to establish a secure service execution environment for mobile devices.

Effect of the customer experience on satisfaction with smartphones: Assessing smart satisfaction index with partial least squares

With the rapid diffusion of a wide variety of smartphones, quality issues have become central to consumers. While customer satisfaction of most goods and services has been well researched, little research seems to exist on satisfaction and loyalty with respect to advanced mobile services, such as smartphones. This study applied a customer satisfaction index (CSI) model to the smart mobile sector in order to derive a smart-service CSI (SCSI). The SCSI model and its hypotheses were then tested using partial least square analysis and index calculation. The findings showed that the perceived value and customer satisfaction are key variables mediating the relationship between quality and customer loyalty. The proposed model demonstrated strong explanatory power, with satisfactory reliability and validity. The SCSI model establishes a foundation for future smart service categories on the basis of providing a powerful tool for quality assessment. The results of this study provide useful insights for the telecom industry and policymakers, for the forging of effective policies and competitive strategies.

Gender Differences in Advanced Mobile Services Acceptance

By stating that the antecedents of customers´ intentions to use mobile services should be studied across service categories and gender differences, the purpose of this article is to investigate the validity and differential predictive power of a model that explain acceptance of several mobile services across male and female customers. This study contributes to the emerging but limited body of research on consumer adoption of advanced mobile services by addressing several critical issues. First, the present paper focuses on two mobile services, namely m-location and m-social media, as they are considered as the new age of advanced mobile services. Furthermore, we include gender as a moderator variable. A theoretical model is proposed and tested in a sample of 429 Dutch consumers. Results from structural modeling equations show that the factors explaining the acceptance of m-location and m-social media services differ. Second, gender moderating effect has been found significant as gender differences exist in the strength of various paths. In addition to its theoretical contributions, this research presents important practical contributions. In particular, practitioners can gain valuable insights into the driving forces of mobile services.

Quality of experience: Beyond the user experience of smart services

With the introduction of smart technologies, increasing attention is being paid to user experience. User experience encompasses customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. While user experience regarding most physical goods and services has been well researched, only little research has been done on these factors with respect to advanced mobile services such as smartphones. This study presents a model for measuring the quality of experience (QX) of smartphone services. It measures the users' QX in order to derive practical implications for providers and to offer suggestions related to the improvement of service. Using survey data, the QX model and its hypotheses were tested, using structural equation model analysis and index calculation. The findings indicate that perceived value and customer satisfaction are two significant variables that mediate the relationship between quality and customer loyalty. The proposed model demonstrates strong explanatory power, with satisfactory reliability and validity. The results of the study provide useful information for the forging of effective policies and competitive strategies by the telecom industry and policy-makers. The smartphone QX model also establishes a foundation for future smart service categories, on the basis of providing a powerful tool for quality assessment.

SmartDC: Mobility Prediction-Based Adaptive Duty Cycling for Everyday Location Monitoring

Monitoring a user's mobility during daily life is an essential requirement in providing advanced mobile services. While extensive attempts have been made to monitor user mobility, previous work has rarely addressed issues with predictions of temporal behavior in real deployment. In this paper, we introduce SmartDC, a mobility prediction-based adaptive duty cycling scheme to provide contextual information about a user's mobility: time-resolved places and paths. Unlike previous approaches that focused on minimizing energy consumption for tracking raw coordinates, we propose efficient techniques to maximize the accuracy of monitoring meaningful places with a given energy constraint. SmartDC comprises unsupervised mobility learner, mobility predictor, and Markov decision process-based adaptive duty cycling. SmartDC estimates the regularity of individual mobility and predicts residence time at places to determine efficient sensing schedules. Our experiment results show that SmartDC consumes 81 percent less energy than the periodic sensing schemes, and 87 percent less energy than a scheme employing context-aware sensing, yet it still correctly monitors 90 percent of a user's location changes within a 160-second delay.

Intention to use advanced mobile phone services (AMPS)

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the influence and applications of both the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the diffusion of innovation (DOI) model on the intention to use advanced mobile phone services (AMPS) among Bangladeshi users. It also seeks to examine the moderating role of attitude towards use in the AMPS research model.Design/methodology/approachThis is a quantitative study. A questionnaire was developed from previous studies and data were collected from young people between 18 and 31 years of age in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Regression was employed to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicate that perceived usefulness and compatibility are key factors for using AMPS, while other factors such as perceived ease of use and complexity are not as significant. Findings also confirm that attitudes towards use play a moderating role between perceived usefulness/complexity and intention to use AMPS.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research is required as this paper focuses only on the younger age range in Dhaka, Bangladesh.Practical implicationsFindings indicate that AMPS can be used by younger segments of the population if the elements of TAM and DOI theory are emphasised.Originality/valueThe paper reinforces the body of knowledge relating to AMPS in the telecommunications industry.

The effect of flow experience on user adoption of mobile TV

The wide broadband of third generation (3G) mobile communication technologies enables advanced mobile data services such as mobile TV. However, users’ adoption intention of mobile TV may decrease with their poor experience caused by the lack of usability, such as small screens and slow response. Drawing upon the flow theory, this research examined mobile TV user adoption. The results indicated that perceived ease of use, access speed and content quality have significant effects on the flow experience, which involves three dimensions: perceived enjoyment, perceived control and attention focus. In turn, flow experience affects perceived usefulness and usage intention. Thus, service providers need to present an engaging experience to users in order to facilitate their adoption and usage of mobile TV.