Advanced Information Processing Research Articles

Entangled photon pair generation in an integrated SiC platform

Entanglement plays a vital role in quantum information processing. Owing to its unique material properties, silicon carbide recently emerged as a promising candidate for the scalable implementation of advanced quantum information processing capabilities. To date, however, only entanglement of nuclear spins has been reported in silicon carbide, while an entangled photon source, whether it is based on bulk or chip-scale technologies, has remained elusive. Here, we report the demonstration of an entangled photon source in an integrated silicon carbide platform for the first time. Specifically, strongly correlated photon pairs are efficiently generated at the telecom C-band wavelength through implementing spontaneous four-wave mixing in a compact microring resonator in the 4H-silicon-carbide-on-insulator platform. The maximum coincidence-to-accidental ratio exceeds 600 at a pump power of 0.17 mW, corresponding to a pair generation rate of (9 ± 1) × 103 pairs/s. Energy-time entanglement is created and verified for such signal-idler photon pairs, with the two-photon interference fringes exhibiting a visibility larger than 99%. The heralded single-photon properties are also measured, with the heralded g(2)(0) on the order of 10−3, demonstrating the SiC platform as a prospective fully integrated, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible single-photon source for quantum applications.

Dual Interactive Mode Human-Machine Interfaces Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator and IGZO/In2O3 Heterojunction Synaptic Transistor.

Imitating human neural networks via bio-inspired electronics advances human-machine interfaces (HMI), overcoming von Neumann limitations and enabling efficient, low-energy data processing in the big data era. However, single-contact mode HMIs have inherent limitations in terms of their capabilities and performances, such as constrained adaptability to dynamic environments, and reduced cognitive processing capabilities. Here, a dual-interactive-mode HMI system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and heterojunction synaptic transistor (HJST) is proposed for both contact and non-contact applications. The TENG incorporates a poly-methyl meth-acrylate (PMMA)-NiCo2S4/S film, in which the NiCo2S4/S composite traps and blocks electrons to optimize charge generation and storage. The heterojunction structure, mitigates the Debye screening effect, thereby improving transistor characteristics and reliability. The integrated TENG-HJST system exhibits synaptic functions, including excitatory/inhibitory postsynaptic current (EPSC/IPSC), paired-pulse facilitation/depression (PPF/PPD), and synaptic plasticity, enabling emulation of neural behavior and advanced information processing. Moreover, neural morphology manipulation is demonstrated in practical tasks, such as controlling international chess games. By integrating the TENG-HJST device with a robotic hand, conscious artificial responses are generated, enhancing event accuracy. This breakthrough in dual-interactive-mode interfacing holds promise for HMI systems and neural prostheses.

Information in The Three Dimensions of Time

The relationship between physics and information processing is a topic of great significance in the realm of science and technology. The laws of physics, which govern the behavior of matter and energy, also have a profound influence on the way information is processed and utilized. While the mathematics governing information processing has not extensively utilized the laws of physics, it is evident that there is potential for these laws to play a more significant role, particularly in the context of quantum systems. based on the equivalence between information and energy, we can explore how other laws of physics can effectively contribute to more efficient and advanced information processing techniques. This research sheds light on the interconnectedness of physics and information processing, and its findings have the potential to significantly enhance our ability to process information, particularly in cutting-edge quantum systems. By recognizing and leveraging the influence of physics, we can pave the way for further advancements in information processing technologies.

THE POTENTIAL OF VIRTUAL REALITY AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MODELING PRODUCT INNOVATIONS OF VIRTUAL CORPORATION

This scientific article explores the characteristics of modeling product innovations in virtual corporations that operate in online environments (without physical offices). The authors note that the proliferation of virtual reality and artificial intelligence in modeling product innovations for virtual corporations holds great potential. According to the provisions outlined, the article aims to determine the potential of virtual reality and artificial intelligence in modeling product innovations for virtual corporations. The research demonstrates that while the key characteristics of effective product innovations for virtual corporations are shaped by advancements in information processing, organizational dynamics, and the development of production systems, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence tools create the potential for their modeling. The practical significance of the research lies in expanding the knowledge about the impact of VR and AI tools on the processes of modeling product innovations and in shaping opportunities for developing strategies for their effective utilization.

Rapid exchange cooling with trapped ions

The trapped-ion quantum charge-coupled device (QCCD) architecture is a leading candidate for advanced quantum information processing. In current QCCD implementations, imperfect ion transport and anomalous heating can excite ion motion during a calculation. To counteract this, intermediate cooling is necessary to maintain high-fidelity gate performance. Cooling the computational ions sympathetically with ions of another species, a commonly employed strategy, creates a significant runtime bottleneck. Here, we demonstrate a different approach we call exchange cooling. Unlike sympathetic cooling, exchange cooling does not require trapping two different atomic species. The protocol introduces a bank of “coolant" ions which are repeatedly laser cooled. A computational ion can then be cooled by transporting a coolant ion into its proximity. We test this concept experimentally with two 40Ca+ ions, executing the necessary transport in 107 μs, an order of magnitude faster than typical sympathetic cooling durations. We remove over 96%, and as many as 102(5) quanta, of axial motional energy from the computational ion. We verify that re-cooling the coolant ion does not decohere the computational ion. This approach validates the feasibility of a single-species QCCD processor, capable of fast quantum simulation and computation.

Switchable Two-Dimensional AND and Exclusive OR Operation Based on Dual-Wavelength Metasurfaces.

Logic operation serves as the foundation and core element of computing networks; it will bring huge vitality to advanced information processing with its adaptation in the optical domain. As fundamental logic operations, AND and exclusive OR (XOR) operations serve a multitude of purposes, such as their ability to cooperate in enabling image processing and interpretation. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a wavelength multiplexed AND and XOR function based on metasurfaces. By combining two cosine gratings with distinct frequencies and an initial phase difference of π/2, we extract the similarities and differences between two input images simultaneously by illuminating them with 445 and 633 nm wavelengths. Additionally, we explore its potential in information encryption, where overall security is enhanced by distributing distinct parts of initial information and encoded keys to different receivers. This design possesses the benefits of convenient mode switching and high-quality imaging, facilitating advanced applications in pattern recognition, machine vision, medical diagnosis, etc.

Shortcut-based generation of transmon-magnon entangled states

Optimized generation of entangled states between solid-state qubits is of fundamental significance to quantum information science and technology. Here, we develop an effective scheme to fast and robustly create the entangled states in a hybrid system containing a superconducting transmon qubit and a spin magnon of yttrium iron garnet. The transmon qubit and the magnon system are coupled via a microwave cavity field. Within the framework of invariant-based shortcuts to adiabaticity, the transmon-magnon entangled states can be rapidly induced by engineering the Rabi couplings between the cavity mode and transmon (magnon) with constant amplitudes. Compared with a non-shortcut counterpart, the shortcut-based operations of interest not only considerably shorten the generation time, but also greatly mitigate the decoherence effects. Furthermore, the fast dynamics is well insensitive to the control deviation of Rabi couplings. Thus our approach could lead to advances in information processing and state engineering with composite systems.

Insights into synaptic functionality and resistive switching in lead iodide flexible memristor devices.

Neuromorphic platforms are gaining popularity due to their superior efficiency, low power consumption, and adaptable parallel signal processing capabilities, overcoming the limitations of traditional von Neumann architecture. We conduct an in-depth investigation into the factors influencing the resistive switching mechanism in memristor devices utilizing lead iodide (PbI2). We establish correlations between device performance and morphological features, unveiling synaptic like behaviour of device making it suitable for range of flexible neuromorphic applications. Notably, a highly reliable unipolar switching mechanism is identified, exhibiting stability even under mechanical strain (with a bending radius of approximately 4 mm) and in high humidity environment (at 75% relative humidity) without the need for encapsulation. The investigation delves into the complex interplay of charge transport, ion migration and the active interface, elucidating the factors contributing to the remarkable resistive switching observed in PbI2-based memristors. The detailed findings highlight synaptic behaviors akin to the modulation of synaptic strengths, with an impressive potentiation and depression of 2 × 104 cycles, emphasizing the role of spike time-dependent plasticity (STDP). The flexible platform demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving a simulated accuracy rate of 95.06% in recognizing modified patterns from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset with just 30 training epochs. Ultimately, this research underscores the potential of PbI2-based flexible memristor devices as versatile component for neuromorphic computing. Moreover, it demonstrate the robustness of PbI2 memristors in terms of their resistive switching capabilities, showcasing resilience both mechanically and electrically. This underscores their potential in replicating synaptic functions for advanced information processing systems.

인공지능(AI) 기술의 세무업무 활용과 과제

Information and communication technology (ICT) is being utilized in various places, mainly in the Internet of Things (hereinafter referred to as IoT), depending on the degree of its development. Among these new technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) technology is progressing rapidly, and mobile-based translation apps and Internet recommendation functions are already in use in our surroundings. In line with this, tax authorities are moving tax procedures online through the enactment of laws and implementation of systems related to the construction of tax administration using ICT.
 It is not only silk tax accountants who are being forced to innovate due to the development of AI technology characterized by advanced information processing, but also professionals such as lawyers, legal consultants, and administrative consultants should establish their own duties. . In particular, since the tax field is related to a wide range of fields including individuals and companies, there is a need to seek bolder cooperation. Along with this, there is a need to actively utilize AI technology to improve operational efficiency. In the future, rather than AI taking away human jobs, I think AI will be left with simple tasks that it can do well, and tax accountants will concentrate on tasks that require advanced skills that only humans can do.
 Article 1 of the “Tax Judiciary” clearly states that the purpose is to establish a tax consultant system and ensure the smooth implementation of tax administration and the proper fulfillment of tax obligations. As long as there is a self-assessment tax system, it is important for our tax accountants to raise the public's tax awareness and encourage taxpayers to declare and pay their taxes. In addition, tax accountants, acting as taxpayers' agents, must deal with complex tax systems and ensure that appropriate tax payments are made even in cases where opinions differ on non-obvious issues. It is expected that some of the tax services that fall under the category of ancillary services will disappear. In the future, tax representation, tax document preparation, tax consultation, and the preparation of tax documents, which are the exclusive services of tax accountants, may no longer be necessary for tax returns that do not require complex tax procedures. Tax accountants, who perform tax-related representation and other activities in response to taxpayers' requests, will have to understand the demands of taxpayers over time and assume a new social role.

Circular dichroism in two-dimensional BC6N and B3C2N3 in absence of intervalley excitonic coupling

Two-dimensional (2D) noncentrosymmetric systems offer potential opportunities for exploiting the valley degrees of freedom for advanced information processing, owing to non-zero Berry curvature. However, such valley polarization in 2D materials is crucially governed by the intervalley excitonic scattering in momentum space due to reduced electronic degrees of freedom and consequent enhanced electronic correlation. Here, we study the valley excitonic properties of two 2D noncentrosymmetric complementary structures, namely, BC6N and B3C2N3 using first principles-based GW calculations combined with the Bethe–Salpeter equation, that brings the many-body interactions among the quasiparticles. The k-resolved oscillator strength of their first bright exciton indicates their ability to exhibit valley polarization under the irradiation of circularly polarized light of different chiralities. Both the systems show significant singlet excitonic binding energies of 0.74 eV and 1.31 eV, respectively. Higher stability of dark triplet excitons as compared to the singlet one can lead to higher quantum efficiency in both the systems. The combination of large excitonic binding energies and the valley polarization ability with minimal intervalley scattering make them promising candidates for applications in advanced optical devices and information storage technologies.

Empowering intelligent manufacturing with edge computing: A portable diagnosis and distance localization approach for bearing faults

Recent intelligent diagnostic algorithms for industrial practice have achieved impressive results. However, due to safety considerations, complex environments and deployment cost constraints in real industrial production, there are still some challenges in the form of edge computing as a vehicle. Therefore, this work proposes a fault diagnosis and distance localization model and deploys the model on edge computing devices for real-time fault diagnosis and distance localization. Lightweight is achieved by modifying the embedding module of the Transformer module as well as self-attention (MFLOPs: 0.487, Params: 6.148 k). Simultaneously, the introduction of Ddformable Concolution in self-attention and multidimensional output in decoding achieves strong robustness (95.92% of accuracy and ± 1.32 cm of error in the noise environments with SNR of −10 dB to 10 dB). Finally, this method was deployed on two edge computing devices for real-time diagnosis (FPS: 34 and 38). As the first attempt to explore the feasibility of deploying fault diagnosis and distance location strategies in edge computing devices, this work not only provides a novel solution for the challenge in industrial practice, but also is expected to promote the process of advanced information processing technology from theoretical design to industrial practice.

Teachers’ Intention to Use Digital Resources in Classroom Teaching: The Role of Teacher Competence, Peer Influence, and Perceived Image

Objectives: Rapid advancements in information processing and technology are causing transformations in education at an unprecedented pace. The use of digital resources is becoming essential for educators to ensure the effectiveness of their teaching. There is thus a need to transform ways and means of educating teachers to meet the new challenges. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that determine teacher intention to use digital resources in classroom teaching. Method: The study adopted a single cross-sectional design, in which questionnaires with pre-established scales were completed by 276 university teachers from three major public universities in the Kashmir region of India. The collected data were subjected to descriptive, correlation, and regression analysis. Results: Findings suggest that intention to use digital resources in the classroom is significantly influenced by teachers’ perceptions of their own competence, perceived usefulness and ease of use of technology and digital resources, and peer influence. Among these factors, perceived competence exerts the strongest influence. Results indicate that perceived social image has no significant impact on intention to use digital resources. Conclusions: The study supports the view that teacher competence and peer influence are two key determining factors for the use of digital resources. Additionally, it demonstrates that digital resources must be perceived to offer potential benefits and ease of use in order to gain widespread acceptance among teachers. Implications: This research advances the understanding of digital resource adoption in classroom teaching, particularly in developing countries like India. The findings provide critical direction to policymakers and digital resource developers to enhance use of digital resources in classroom teaching by prioritizing the development of useful and user-friendly resources. Moreover, universities should organize training programs to enhance teachers’ proficiency in utilizing digital resources for effective teaching.

Multimodal Optically Nonlinear Nanoparticles Exhibiting Simultaneous Higher Harmonics Generation and Upconversion Luminescence for Anticounterfeiting and 8‐bit Optical Coding

AbstractNonlinear optical materials are essential in areas such as nanophotonics, optical information processing, and biomedical imaging. However, nanomaterials employed for these diverse applications to date are efficient only for one type of nonlinear optical activity. Herein, the first multimodal nonlinear optically active class of nanomaterials based on lanthanide‐doped lithium niobate nanoparticles, which simultaneously exhibit unprecedentedly efficient second and third harmonic generation, as well as up‐conversion photoluminescence, is reported. These dielectric nanoparticles retain their high nonlinear optical conversion efficiency both as powder and as aqueous colloidal solution. The high stability also allows for the fabrication of optically active biocompatible micron‐sized fibers and polymer‐based 3D‐printable objects, as well as for fingerprint detection. Finally, the first 8‐bit coding platform purely based on multimodal nonlinear optical activity originating from different parametric and nonparametric processes is demonstrated, showcasing the technological potential of these materials for both anti‐counterfeiting and advanced optical information processing.

Unidirectional microwave transduction with chirality selected short-wavelength magnon excitations

Nonreciprocal magnon propagation has recently become a highly potential approach of developing chip-embedded microwave isolators for advanced information processing. However, it is challenging to achieve large nonreciprocity in miniaturized magnetic thin-film devices because of the difficulty of distinguishing propagating surface spin waves along the opposite directions when the film thickness is small. In this work, we experimentally realize unidirectional microwave transduction with sub-micrometer-wavelength propagating magnons in a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin-film delay line. We achieve a non-decaying isolation of 30 dB with a broad field-tunable bandpass frequency range up to 14 GHz. The large isolation is due to the selection of chiral magnetostatic surface spin waves with the Oersted field generated from the coplanar waveguide antenna. Increasing the geometry ratio between the antenna width and YIG thickness drastically reduces the nonreciprocity and introduces additional magnon transmission bands. Our results pave the way for on-chip microwave isolation and tunable delay line with short-wavelength magnonic excitations.

AI’s Humanoid Appearance Can Affect Human Perceptions of Its Emotional Capability: Evidence from Self-Reported Data in the U.S

As artificial intelligence (AI) integration becomes more prominent in society, the infosphere becomes increasingly complex. A better understanding of the human-AI relationship is crucial during these rapid technological and social changes. Emotions are complex responses of the human mind – a highly advanced information processing system. Thus, examining how humans perceive AI’s emotional capability may provide helpful insights. Human physiological properties such as humanoid appearance and gender are suggested to be potential influencing factors. Following the information processing approach, we employed Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics on a dataset of 266 residents of the United States. Results show that interacting with an AI agent with human-like physical features is positively associated with the belief in that AI agent’s capability of experiencing emotional pain and pleasure. This effect is stronger in males than females. A possible explanation for these patterns is reliance on cognitive strategies used in interpersonal interactions, including gender-specific physiological properties. This study also demonstrates the effectiveness of using a compatible information processing analytical method such as BMF for studying humans’ perceptions of AI.

5G technology to help the development of smart grids: A review

The continuous advancement of technology has led to an increase in electricity consumption by residential, industrial, commercial, and other users in all aspects, and the demand for electricity quality is also increasing. In such a context, the smart grid is regarded as a new generation of power systems. The smart grid uses advanced communication and information processing, remote automatic control, and other technologies to achieve precise control of fault removal, three-dimensional monitoring of the system and optimal dispatch of electrical energy; while ensuring that the reliability of the power supply can be maintained even when a variety of uncontrollable renewable energy sources and a large number of new electricity loads are connected. Smart upgrades require strong communication systems to support them, and the characteristics of 5G technology perfectly match the various needs of smart grids for wireless communication, which is why 5G is widely studied. This paper is a review of the use of 5G technology in smart grids. Firstly, an overview of wireless communication in smart grids is given, and then the three main scenarios for the use of 5G and various grid services are adapted. This is followed by a summary of the problems and under-researched areas in the use of 5G in smart grids. In the end, the current advanced solutions are summarised and analyzed, and it is determined that the most urgent issues to be addressed in the use of 5G in smart grids are the confidentiality of critical data, network anti-attack capability, and other security guarantees. There is also further value in the use of big data to calculate the optimization of energy dispatch solutions. In general, its development prospects are quite optimistic.

Micro/Nano Circuits and Systems Design and Design Automation: Challenges and Opportunities [Point of View

The field of design and design automation of micro/nano circuits and systems promotes interdisciplinary research spanning computer science, computer engineering, and electrical engineering. This field has created key technologies without which it would be impossible to achieve advances in information processing, which is an inseparable part of our everyday lives. For example, fundamental principles and tools created by this field have empowered Moore char63s law scaling for over 50 years. Without design and design automation of circuits and systems, it would be impossible to create multibillion transistor integrated circuits (ICs) that form the foundations of today char63s information age.

Localized manipulation of spoof surface acoustic skyrmions with deep-subwavelength gradient structures

Skyrmions with stable vector field configurations have produced various derivatives with various topological textures, such as the Néel type, Bloch type, anti-type, and higher-order Néel type. Here, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the vector field configuration of Néel-type skyrmionic modes can be locally manipulated using gradient grooves in a deep-subwavelength three-dimensional multilayer cylindrical structure. We experimentally observe that the skyrmionic modes can be contracted or expanded to manipulate the distribution of the velocity vectors by tuning the groove depth gradient along the structural radius, which is robust against structural deformations and defects. This type of controllable acoustic skyrmion provides new dimensions for advanced sound information processing, transportation, and data storage in compact structures.

Non-Hermitian control of confined optical skyrmions in microcavities formed by photonic spin–orbit coupling

Optical skyrmions formed by photonic spin–orbit (SO) coupling are of significant interest in high-dimensional optical information processing. We report the formation mechanism and non-Hermitian properties of skyrmion-like states in a circular confinement potential with photonic SO coupling, which is preferably realized in a concave-planar microcavity system. We show that the effective photonic gauge field leads to two split manifolds of degenerate skyrmions whose spin textures can be controlled via the non-Hermitian properties by introducing circularly polarized gain and loss, exhibiting dramatically discrepant evolutions at the two sides of the exceptional point (EP). Furthermore, the lifetime degeneracy can be lifted by spatially inhomogeneous pumping according to the non-Hermitian mechanism, enabling the possibility for the skyrmion laser. By introducing shape asymmetry of the confinement potential, a double EP evolution can be achieved, which allows non-Hermitian control of the SO coupled states with higher degrees of freedom. These results open the way for the non-Hermitian control of photonic spin in confined systems, which would be of great significance for the fundamentals of advanced optical information processing.

Perspective on computational design of two-dimensional materials with robust multiferroic coupling

Two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic materials with robust magnetoelectric coupling and controllable topological solitons (such as skyrmions) are promising candidates for advanced information storage and processing. Due to the limitations of experimental techniques, first-principles investigations stand out in answering fundamental questions of 2D multiferroic couplings, thus providing guidance for experimental validation. Herein, we will give a review of recent theoretical progress in the exploration of 2D multiferroic coupling via structural design and molecular engineering approach. Particularly, we will focus on (i) how to design the multiferroic structure in the 2D form; (ii) how to achieve robust magnetoelectric coupling; and (iii) how to electrically control the magnetic skyrmion via multiferroic effects. Finally, we give some perspectives on the remaining challenges and opportunities for predicting 2D multiferroic materials.